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{{Short description|Dutch physicist (1895–1981)}}
{{use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Jan Burgers
| image = Johannes Martinus Burgers.jpg
| image_size = 193px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1895|1|13|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Arnhem]], [[Netherlands]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1981|6|7|1895|1|13|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.
| field = [[Physics]]
| work_institution = [[Delft University of Technology]] [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Leiden]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Paul Ehrenfest]]
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = [[Burgers equation|Bateman-Burgers equation]] [[Burgers vortex]] [[Burgers material]] [[Burgers vector]]
| prizes = [[ASME Medal]] {{small|(1965)}} [[Otto Laporte Award]] {{small|(1974)}}
| religion =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Johannes (Jan) Martinus Burgers''' (January 13, 1895 – June 7, 1981) was a Dutch [[physicist]] and the brother of the physicist Wilhelm G. Burgers. Burgers studied in [[Leiden]] under [[Paul Ehrenfest]], where he obtained his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in 1918.<ref>{{cite web|author=Johannes Martinus Burgers |url=http://ilorentz.org/history/proefschriften/sources/Burgers_1918.pdf |title=Het atoommodel van Rutherford-Bohr |year=1918}}</ref> He is known for the [[Burgers' equation]], the [[Burgers vector]] in [[dislocation]] theory and the [[Burgers material]] in [[viscoelasticity]].<ref>{{cite journal|date=January 1982|title=Obituary: Jan Burgers|journal=Physics Today|volume=35|issue=1|pages=84–85|bibcode=1982PhT....35a..84D|doi=10.1063/1.2890021|doi-access=free|last1=Dorfman |first1=J. R. |last2=Faller |first2=A. J. }}{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

Jan Burgers was one of the co-founders of the [[International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics]] (IUTAM) in 1946, and was its secretary-general from 1946 until 1952.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://txtnet.com/iutam/?page_id=371 | publisher=[[International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics|IUTAM]] | access-date=2011-07-30 | title=Some of IUTAM's history | author=Fons Alkemade | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120329/http://txtnet.com/iutam/?page_id=371 | archive-date=2011-07-17 }}</ref>

In 1931 he became member of the [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]], in 1955 he became foreign member.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00004486 |title=Johannes Martinus Burgers (1895 - 1981) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=July 26, 2015}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Burgers was born in [[Arnhem|Arnhem, Netherlands]]. There he attended both primary and secondary school.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Collection: Johannes Martinus Burgers papers {{!}} Archival Collections|url=https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1026|access-date=2020-08-11|website=archives.lib.umd.edu}}</ref> He attended Leiden University from 1914 until 1917. Burgers became a Doctor of Mathematical and Physical Sciences in 1918, writing a thesis entitled "Het Atoommodel van Rutherford-Bohr" (The Model of the Atom according to Rutherford and Bohr).<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Jan Burgers took his first position out of graduate school as Conservator at the Physical Laboratory of the [[Teylers Stichting|Teyler's Foundation]]. From September 1918 until October 1955, Dr. Burgers was professor of Aerodynamics and Hydrodynamics at the [[Delft University of Technology]].<ref name=":0" /> He was also secretary of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Shipbuilding (1921–1924) and later the department's chairman (1929–1931).<ref name=":0" /> Burgers also worked with scientists including [[Theodore von Kármán|Theodore von Karman]], L. Prandt, R. von Mises, [[G. I. Taylor|G.I. Taylor]] and W.F. Durand, and Paul Ehrenfest.<ref name=":0" /> Jan Burgers researched [[fluid dynamics]], worked on the theory of turbulence, and explored what came to be known as the [[Burgers' equation]].<ref name=":0" /> He also studied crystallography with his brother Willy Gerard Burgers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Burgers, J. M. (Johannes Martinus), 1895–1981|url=https://history.aip.org/phn/11806008.html|access-date=2020-08-11|website=history.aip.org}}</ref>

Burgers and his wife, Anna immigrated to the United States in 1955 where Burgers accepted a position of research professor at the Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Applied Mathematics (now the Institute for Physical Science and Technology) at the [[University of Maryland, College Park]].<ref name=":0" /> Burgers continued his interest in fluid dynamics while at the University of Maryland, and was recognized for his studies in gas dynamics, plasma physics, shock waves, and related phenomena.<ref name=":0" /> Burgers retired from the University of Maryland in 1965.<ref name=":1" />

The year of his retirement saw the publication of a book on the philosophy of biology.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/experienceconcep0000burg|author=J. M. Burgers |title=Experience and conceptual activity; a philosophical essay based upon the writings of A.N. Whitehead (Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 1965)}}</ref> Influenced by the British philosopher [[A. N. Whitehead]], he had been thinking about this for 20 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A.J.Q. Alkemade, 'Burgers, Johannes Martinus (1895-1981)', in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland |url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn5/burgers |access-date=January 26, 2025}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{Cite book
| title = Selected Papers of J.M. Burgers
| editor1-first = F.T.M.
| editor1-last = Nieuwstadt
| editor2-first = J.A.
| editor2-last = Steketee
| publisher = Kluwer Academic Publishers
| year = 1995
| isbn = 0-7923-3265-2
}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{MathGenealogy|id=110465|title=Johannes Martinus Burgers}}
* A.J.Q. Alkemade, [http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn5/burgers ''Burgers, Johannes Martinus (1895–1981)''], in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. {{in lang|nl}}
* [http://www.burgers.umd.edu/burgers.html "''Johannes Martinus Burgers; 13 January 1895 to 7 June 1981''"], biography at the University of Maryland
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060709204314/http://www.jmburgerscentrum.org/ JM Burgers Centrum]
* [http://www.burgers.umd.edu/ The Burgers program for fluid dynamics] at the University of Maryland
* [https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/3092 Oral History interview transcript with Johannes Burgers June 9, 1962, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives]
* {{cite journal|title=On the emergence of patterns of order|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society |year=1963|volume=69|pages=1–25|mr=143359|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1963-10832-0|doi-access=free|last1=Burgers|first1=J. M.}}, 32nd Gibbs lecture delivered by Burgers, Philadelphia, January 20, 1959

{{Authority control}}
{{ASME Medal|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burgers, Jan}}
[[Category:20th-century Dutch physicists]]
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Arnhem]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology]]
[[Category:Leiden University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:ASME Medal recipients]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park faculty]]
[[Category:Fluid dynamicists]]
[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]

Jan Burgers - Revision history

imported>Lost in Quebec: removed Category:People from Arnhem; added Category:Scientists from Arnhem using HotCat