imported>Kline: Adding local short description: "Mountain range in Yemen", overriding Wikidata description "mountain in Yemen"

2024-11-17T21:47:38Z

Adding local short description: "Mountain range in Yemen", overriding Wikidata description "mountain in Yemen"

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{{Short description|Mountain range in Yemen}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Jabal Haraz
| native_name = Jabal Ḥarāz ({{lang|ar|جَبَل حَرَاز}})
| native_name_lang = ar
| photo = Yemen (11462772954).jpg
| photo_caption = A building with terraces overlooks the side of one of the Haraz Mountains
| country = {{YEM}}
| region_type =
| region = [[South Arabia]]
| border =
| highest =
| elevation_m = 3,000
| highest_location =
| coordinates = {{coord|15.1667|N|43.7500|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
| range_coordinates =
| length_km =
| geology =
| period =
| orogeny =
| map = Yemen#Middle East#Asia
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| embedded = {{designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_offname = Jabal Haraz
| designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2002 (26th session)|2002]] <small>(43rd [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small>
| designation1_type =
| designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|Mixed}} Mixed
| area =
| buffer_zone =
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1722/ 1722]
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab states|Arab States]]
}}
}}

'''Jabal Haraz''' ({{langx|ar|جَبَل حَرَاز|Jabal Ḥarāz}}) is a mountainous region of [[Yemen]], between [[Sanaa]] and [[Al Hudaydah|Al-Hudaydah]], which is considered to be within the [[Sarawat Mountains|Sarat range]].<ref name="CookFarmer2013">{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=John |last2=Farmer |first2=G. Thomas |title=Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis |volume=1 – The Physical Climate |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer Science & Business Media]] |chapter=VI: Land and Its Climates |page=334 |isbn=978-9-4007-5757-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbtEAAAAQBAJ&q=sarawat+mountains |date=2013-01-12}}</ref> In the 11th century, it was the stronghold of the [[Sulaihid State|Sulaihid]] dynasty, many of whose buildings still survive today.<ref name=unesco>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1722/ |title=Jabal Haraz |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |date=2002-07-08 |access-date=2009-03-24}}</ref> It includes [[Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb]], the highest mountain in Yemen and the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref name="Laughlin2008">{{cite book |last=McLaughlin |first=Daniel |title=Yemen |publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]] |chapter=1: Background |page=3 |isbn=978-1-8416-2212-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQvhZaEVzjcC |year=2008}}</ref>

== History and location ==
Because of its location between the [[Tihamah]] coastal plain and Sanaa, this mountainous area has always been strategically important. A caravan stopping point during the [[Himyarite Kingdom]], the Haraz was later the stronghold of the [[Sulayhid dynasty]], which was established in Yemen in 1037. Then and subsequently the population has been [[Ism'aili]] [[Shia Islam|Shi'ite]] [[Muslim]]s.

Haraz is as famous for its fortified villages which cling to nearly inaccessible rocky peaks. Their imposing architecture meets two needs: defending the villagers, while leaving plenty of space for crops. Each town is built like a castle; the houses, themselves, form the wall, equipped with one or two easily defensible doors. Constructed from sandstone and basalt, the buildings are integrated into the landscape and it is difficult to tell where the rock and the village begins or ends. The mountain is divided into terraces of a few acres or more, separated by walls sometimes several meters high. On these terraced fields grow alfalfa for livestock, millet, lentils, large areas for coffee, and [[Khat|qat]]. It is one of the main growing areas of [[Mocha coffee bean]]s.

Within a [[day's journey]] are [[Bani Murrah]] and other villages located on the ridge overlooking [[Manakhah]]. Manakhah is the heart of the mountain range, a large town whose market attracts villagers from the entire neighborhood. [[Al Hajjara]], to the west of Manakhah, is a walled village whose citadel was founded in the 12th century by the Sulayhids. From there, other villages are accessible, such as [[Bayt al-Qamus]] and [[Bayt Shimran]]. The village of [[Hutaib]] is built on a platform of red sandstone, facing a view of terraced hills that host a score of villages. Here also is the mausoleum of the third Yemeni ''[[Da'i al-Mutlaq]]'' [[Hatim ibn Ibrahim]]. [[Mustaali|Bohras]] from [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Madagascar]] and other countries gather here.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

== World Heritage Status ==
This area was added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage]] Tentative List on July 8, 2002, by the State Party of Yemen in the mixed (cultural and natural) category, as a site that has "outstanding universal value". The site has not yet been voted by the World Heritage Committee as an official World Heritage site.<ref name=unesco/>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Manakha 01.jpg|[[Manakhah]] in [[Sanaa Governorate]]
File:Kawkaban -68 (353668857).jpg|[[Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb]], the highest [[Mountains in the Arabian Peninsula|mountain and peak in the Arabian Peninsula]], as viewed from [[Kawkaban]], [[Al Mahwit Governorate]]
File:منتزة القادسية - panoramio.jpg|Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb is behind the mountain in the background, facing west of southern [[Sanaa]] City
File:Haraz Mountains, Yemen (12633745063).jpg|Terraces
File:Haraz Mountains, Yemen (14616928081).jpg|Fortified settlement amid the mountains
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Ad Dahrah]], located in the Haraz, the stronghold of the Sulaihid dynasty, many of whose buildings still survive to this day
* [[Geology of Yemen]]
* [[Hajhir Mountains]]
* [[Middle East]]
* [[Near East]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120922020555/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/yemen/the-harazmountains Lonely Planet]

== External links ==
{{commons category|Jabal Haraz}}
* [https://www.architecturerevived.com/architectural-beauty-out-of-poverty-jabal-haraz-yemen/ Architecture Revived: Architectural Beauty out of Poverty, Jabal Haraz Yemen]
* [http://medomed.org/featured_item/jabal-bura-and-jabal-haraz-the-mountanous-cultural-landscape-of-yemen-yemen/ Med-O-Med: Cultural landscapes: Jabal Bura and Jabal Haraz, Yemen]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcgXBQlPUJs Jabal Haraz] ([[YouTube]])
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqJSqAjtbCA Yemen - Haraz Mountains]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbooIXhPq-E Yemen 2008 Jebel Haraz]

{{Tourist attractions in Yemen}}
{{Mountains in the Arabian Peninsula}}

[[Category:Jabal Haraz| ]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of mainland Yemen]]
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List]]

Jabal Haraz - Revision history

imported>Kline: Adding local short description: "Mountain range in Yemen", overriding Wikidata description "mountain in Yemen"