imported>Monkbot: Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);

2024-11-01T07:23:53Z

Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);

New page

{{short description|Russian revolutionary, economist and journalist (1870–1928)}}
{{family name hatnote|Ivanovich|Skvortsov-Stepanov|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov
| image = Skvorcov-Stepanov.jpg
| width = 200px
| caption = Skvortsov-Stepanov in 1926
| order =
| term_start = 27 October 1917
| term_end = 30 October 1917
| successor = [[Vyacheslav Menzhinsky]]
| premier = [[Vladimir Lenin]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1870|3|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Noginsk|Bogorodsk]], [[Moscow Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1928|10|8|1870|3|8|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Sochi]], [[Russian SFSR]], {{nowrap|[[Soviet Union]]}}
| party = [[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|RSDLP]] (1898–1903) <br />[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|RSDLP]] ([[Bolsheviks]]) {{nowrap|(1903–1918)}} <br />[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party]] (1918–1928)
| office = [[People's Commissar for Finance of the RSFSR]]
| office2 = Director of the [[Lenin Institute]] under the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]]
| termend2 = 1928
| termstart2 = 1926
| predecessor2 = [[Lev Kamenev]]
| successor2 = [[Maximilian Saveliev]]
| birth_name = Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov
| resting_place = [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]], Moscow
| native_name_lang = ru
| native_name = {{nobold|Иван Скворцов-Степанов}}
}}
'''Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov-Stepanov''' ({{langx|ru|Ива́н Ива́нович Скворцо́в-Степа́нов}}; 8 March [<nowiki/>[[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] 24 February] 1870 – 8 October 1928) was a prominent Russian [[Bolshevik]] revolutionary and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] politician.

Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov-Stepanov was one of the oldest participants in the Russian revolutionary movement as well as a [[Marxism|Marxist]] writer, economist, historian and journalist.

==Early life==
Ivan Skvortsov was born in Maltsevo-Brodovo village, [[Bogorodsky Uezd]], Moscow province<ref>{{cite web|title=Скворцов-Степанов Иван Иванович |trans-title=Skvortsov-Stepanov Ivan Ivanovich |url=http://hronos.km.ru/biograf/skvorcov.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030606020857/http://hronos.km.ru/biograf/skvorcov.html |archivedate=2003-06-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> – the village is now Lesnye Polyany, in [[Pushkinsky District]].
He was the son of a [[Moscow]] factory clerical worker based in [[Noginsk|Bogorodsk]].<ref>{{Citation
| last =Biggart
| first = John
| year = 1989
| title = Alexander Bogdanov, Left-Bolshevism and the Proletkult 1904 – 1932
| publisher = University of East Anglia
| publication-place =
| page =
| url =
| accessdate =
}}
</ref>

== Early career ==
He graduated from the Moscow Teachers' Institute in 1890, became an elementary school teacher, joined the revolutionary movement as a student in Moscow in 1892, and joined the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] in 1898. He was arrested, and exiled to Tula district, where he met other exiles, including [[Alexander Bogdanov]] and [[Vladimir Bazarov]]. Together they joined the [[Bolsheviks]] after their release in the winter of 1904. When ''Bor'ba'' was published in November 1905, Skvortsov-Stepanov was a member of the editorial board. In 1906 he was a delegate to the [[4th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Fourth Congress]] of the RSDLP, where he supported [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]]. During the period 1907–10, he favoured the [[Mezhraiontsy]] faction, but later fell again under the influence of Lenin. In 1907–09, he, Bazarov and Bogdanov produced what became the standard Russian translation of [[Das Kapital]], by [[Karl Marx]]. In 1911, he launched the Bolshevik newspaper ''Mysl'', but was arrested very soon afterwards. He was repeatedly arrested and exiled for his revolutionary activities.

Following the Revolution of 1917 he became the [[People's Commissar for Finance of the RSFSR]], until February 1918, when the Bolsheviks briefly formed a coalition government with the [[Left Socialist-Revolutionaries]]. He joined the Left Communists, who opposed the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] with Germany. He worked on ''[[Pravda]]'' in 1918–1925. During the war with Poland, in 1920, he was appointed a member of the short-lived Polish provisional government.

== Conflict with Mayakovsky ==
In September 1921, Skvortsov-Stepanov became embroiled in a dispute with the young [[Futurist]] poet, [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]]. Like most leading Bolsheviks, he was unable to see any value in Mayakovsky's work, although the poet was an active supporter of the Bolsheviks, who had been imprisoned under the old regime. When Skvortsov-Stepanov learned that the script of Mayakovsky's play, ''Mystery Bouffe'' had been published in full in a magazine called ''Theatre Herald'', he banned its editors from paying the author's commission. Mayakovsky appealed to the Moscow Trade Union Council, who ordered that his fee should be paid, and suspended the union memberships of Skvortsov-Stepanov and two other Gosizdat officials for three months. The decision outraged a senior contributor to Pravda, [[Lev Sosnovsky]], who called for a ban on Mayakovsky's entire works. This threat was not carried out, and a few months later, Lenin publicly praised Mayakovsky's poetry for its political insight.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McSmith |first1=Andy |title=Fear and the Muse Kept Watch, the Russian Masters from Akhmatova and Pasternak to Shostakovich and Eisenstein – under Stalin |date=2015 |publisher=The New Press |location=New York |isbn=978-1-62097-079-9 |pages=40–41}}</ref>

== Later career ==
Skvortsov-Stepanov was appointed chief editor of ''[[Izvestia]]'' in June 1925, having supported the triumvirate of [[Joseph Stalin|Josif Stalin]], [[Grigory Zinoviev]] and [[Lev Kamenev]] against [[Leon Trotsky]]. When the split within the triumvirate came to a head at the congress of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] in December 1926, he backed Stalin, was elected to the CPSU Central Committee, and when the committee met, on 28 December 1925, they decided by a majority to appoint him editor of ''Leningradskaya Pravda'', in place of one of Zinoviev's supporters, despite objections from Zinoviev, Trotsky and others that editors of local newspaper should be appointed locally. When he arrived at the newspaper's office to impose a pro-Stalin political line, delegates from several Leningrad party organisations came to threaten him with violence, and members of staff walked out in protest denouncing those who stayed behind as spies, but the first pro-Stalin issue came out on 30 December.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carr |first1=E.H. |title=Socialism in One Country, volume 2 |date=1970 |publisher=Penguin |pages=164–65}}</ref>

Skvortsov-Stepanov was an ardent [[Atheism|atheist]], and a leading figure of the [[League of Militant Atheists]]. Together with its chairman [[Yemelyan Yaroslavsky]], he was one of the main initiators of the atheistic propaganda campaign in the Soviet Union. His pamphlet, "Thoughts on Religion" was widely published and read.<ref>{{Cite web|title=С. А. Левитин. П. Казанский. Иван Иванович Скворцов-Степанов. Пропагандисты ленинской школы. История пропаганды. Библиотека.|url=https://propagandahistory.ru/books/S--A--Levitin_Propagandisty-leninskoy-shkoly/15|access-date=2022-01-24|website=propagandahistory.ru}}</ref>

Skvortsov-Stepanov remained in Leningrad for only a short period, before returning to his old job in Moscow. Upon his death from typhoid in October 1928, Stalin commemorated him as a "staunch and steadfast Leninist".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1928/10/x01.htm|title=To the Memory of Comrade I. I. Skvortsov-Stepanov|website=www.marxists.org}}</ref> His ashes were buried in the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]].

== Personality ==

The writer [[Maxim Gorky]] described Skvortsov as "a short man with a greyish complexion, his light blue eyes smiled, however, the triumphant smile of the lucky man who has a truth inaccessible to others...He eschewed all books except ''Das Kapital'' – he made a boast of that."

==Publications==
* ''Izbrannye ateisticheskie proizvedenii'a''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* [http://marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1909/dec/02iiss.htm#fwV34E403 Letter from Lenin to Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov, 2 December 1909]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mikhail Bernatsky]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Finance (RSFSR)|People's Commissar for Finance of the RSFSR]]|years= 26 October 1917 – 20 January 1918}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vyacheslav Menzhinsky]]}}
{{end}}

{{Finance ministers of RSFSR}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Skvortsov-Stepanov, Ivan}}
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1928 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Moscow Oblast]]
[[Category:People from Bogorodsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members]]
[[Category:Old Bolsheviks]]
[[Category:Left communists]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:People's commissars and ministers of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Russian Constituent Assembly members]]
[[Category:Russian communists]]
[[Category:Bolshevik finance]]
[[Category:Pravda people]]
[[Category:Soviet newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Russian Marxists]]
[[Category:Novy Mir editors]]
[[Category:Soviet economists]]
[[Category:Russian atheists]]
[[Category:Soviet theologians]]
[[Category:Soviet literary critics]]
[[Category:Soviet historians]]
[[Category:Russian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Russian atheism activists]]
[[Category:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis]]

Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov - Revision history

imported>Monkbot: Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);