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			{{Short description\|Tsar of Bulgaria from 1298 to 1299}}
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	'''Ivan II''' ({{langx\|bg\|Иван II}}, or Йоан II, ''Ioan II'', also styled inconsistently ''Ivan IV'' or ''Ioan IV''), reigned as [[tsar of Bulgaria]] from 1298 to 1299. The date of his birth is unknown, but probably not much earlier than c. 1290. He died as a monk in exile before 1330.		'''Ivan II''' ({{langx\|bg\|Иван II}}, or Йоан II, ''Ioan II'', also styled inconsistently ''Ivan IV'' or ''Ioan IV''), reigned as [[tsar of Bulgaria]] from 1298 to 1299. The date of his birth is unknown, but probably not much earlier than {{circa\|1290}}. He died as a monk in exile before 1330.

			==Life==
	Ivan II succeeded his father [[Smilets of Bulgaria\|Smilets]] as emperor in [[Veliko Tarnovo\|Tărnovo]] in 1298. The new ruler was a child, and the government was in the hands of his mother, the unnamed daughter of ''[[sebastocrator]]'' [[Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)\|Constantine Palaiologos]] and niece of [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] called simply "[[Smiltsena Palaiologina\|Smiltsena]]" ("wife of Smilets"). The widowed empress defeated Smilets' brothers Radoslav and Voysil (Vojsil), who sought refuge in the [[Byzantine Empire]] and entered into Byzantine service. To meet this threat and the invasion of the [[Mongol]] prince [[Chaka of Bulgaria\|Chaka]], Ivan II's mother sought an alliance with [[Aldimir]] (Eltimir), the brother of the former ruler [[George I of Bulgaria\|George Terter I]]. Aldimir was accordingly married to Smilets' daughter [[Marina Smilets of Bulgaria\|Marina]] (Marija) and, if this had not happened earlier, was given the title of despotēs and invested with an extensive landholding around Krăn. In 1299 the Bulgarian government attempted unsuccessfully to ally with [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)\|Serbian King]] [[Stefan Milutin]] to the exclusion of the latter's projected alignment with the [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Andronicus II Palaeologus\|Andronikos II Palaiologos]].		Ivan II succeeded his father [[Smilets of Bulgaria\|Smilets]] as emperor in [[Veliko Tarnovo\|Tărnovo]] in 1298. The new ruler was a child, and the government was in the hands of his mother, the unnamed daughter of ''[[sebastocrator]]'' [[Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)\|Constantine Palaiologos]] and niece of [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] called simply "[[Smiltsena Palaiologina\|Smiltsena]]" ("wife of Smilets"). The widowed empress defeated Smilets' brothers Radoslav and Voysil (Vojsil), who sought refuge in the [[Byzantine Empire]] and entered into Byzantine service. To meet this threat and the invasion of the [[Mongol]] prince [[Chaka of Bulgaria\|Chaka]], Ivan II's mother sought an alliance with [[Aldimir]] (Eltimir), the brother of the former ruler [[George I of Bulgaria\|George Terter I]]. Aldimir was accordingly married to Smilets' daughter [[Marina Smilets of Bulgaria\|Marina]] (Marija) and, if this had not happened earlier, was given the title of despotēs and invested with an extensive landholding around Krăn. In 1299 the Bulgarian government attempted unsuccessfully to ally with [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)\|Serbian King]] [[Stefan Milutin]] to the exclusion of the latter's projected alignment with the [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Andronicus II Palaeologus\|Andronikos II Palaiologos]].

	The regents of Ivan II were unable to strengthen their position, and abandoned Tărnovo to Chaka, who installed himself as emperor in 1299. Ivan II and his retinue settled in the possessions of Aldimir, where they may have remained even after the accession of Aldimir's nephew [[Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria\|Theodore Svetoslav]] to the throne in 1300. In 1305 Ivan II's mother was negotiating with the Byzantine government in [[Constantinople]] on behalf of either Aldimir or her son, but with Aldimir's subjugation by Theodore Svetoslav in the same year, the family disappears into obscurity.		The regents of Ivan II were unable to strengthen their position, and abandoned Tărnovo to Chaka, who installed himself as emperor in 1299. Ivan II and his retinue settled in the possessions of Aldimir, where they may have remained even after the accession of Aldimir's nephew [[Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria\|Theodore Svetoslav]] to the throne in 1300. In 1305, Ivan II's mother was negotiating with the Byzantine government in [[Constantinople]] on behalf of either Aldimir or her son, but with Aldimir's subjugation by Theodore Svetoslav in the same year, the family disappears into obscurity.

	Ivan II spent the remainder of his life as an exile in Byzantium, under the name Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas Angelos Branas Palaiologos, and shortly before his death he became a monk under the name Joasaph. He died before 1330.		Ivan II spent the remainder of his life as an exile in Byzantium, under the name Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas Angelos Branas Palaiologos, and shortly before his death he became a monk under the name Joasaph. He died before 1330.

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2024-10-29T11:12:26Z

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{{No footnotes|date=March 2013}}

{{Infobox Monarch
| name = Ivan II
| succession = [[Tsar of Bulgaria]]
| image =
| caption =
| reign = 1298–1299
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Smilets of Bulgaria]]
| successor = [[Tsar Chaka]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| house = [[Smilets dynasty]]
| father = [[Smilets of Bulgaria]]
| mother = [[Smiltsena Palaiologina]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = before {{death-date|1330}}
| death_place =
| buried =
|}}

'''Ivan II''' ({{langx|bg|Иван II}}, or Йоан II, ''Ioan II'', also styled inconsistently ''Ivan IV'' or ''Ioan IV''), reigned as [[tsar of Bulgaria]] from 1298 to 1299. The date of his birth is unknown, but probably not much earlier than c. 1290. He died as a monk in exile before 1330.

Ivan II succeeded his father [[Smilets of Bulgaria|Smilets]] as emperor in [[Veliko Tarnovo|Tărnovo]] in 1298. The new ruler was a child, and the government was in the hands of his mother, the unnamed daughter of ''[[sebastocrator]]'' [[Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)|Constantine Palaiologos]] and niece of [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] called simply "[[Smiltsena Palaiologina|Smiltsena]]" ("wife of Smilets"). The widowed empress defeated Smilets' brothers Radoslav and Voysil (Vojsil), who sought refuge in the [[Byzantine Empire]] and entered into Byzantine service. To meet this threat and the invasion of the [[Mongol]] prince [[Chaka of Bulgaria|Chaka]], Ivan II's mother sought an alliance with [[Aldimir]] (Eltimir), the brother of the former ruler [[George I of Bulgaria|George Terter I]]. Aldimir was accordingly married to Smilets' daughter [[Marina Smilets of Bulgaria|Marina]] (Marija) and, if this had not happened earlier, was given the title of despotēs and invested with an extensive landholding around Krăn. In 1299 the Bulgarian government attempted unsuccessfully to ally with [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|Serbian King]] [[Stefan Milutin]] to the exclusion of the latter's projected alignment with the [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Andronicus II Palaeologus|Andronikos II Palaiologos]].

The regents of Ivan II were unable to strengthen their position, and abandoned Tărnovo to Chaka, who installed himself as emperor in 1299. Ivan II and his retinue settled in the possessions of Aldimir, where they may have remained even after the accession of Aldimir's nephew [[Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria|Theodore Svetoslav]] to the throne in 1300. In 1305 Ivan II's mother was negotiating with the Byzantine government in [[Constantinople]] on behalf of either Aldimir or her son, but with Aldimir's subjugation by Theodore Svetoslav in the same year, the family disappears into obscurity.

Ivan II spent the remainder of his life as an exile in Byzantium, under the name Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas Angelos Branas Palaiologos, and shortly before his death he became a monk under the name Joasaph. He died before 1330.

==Sources==
* John V. A. Fine, Jr., ''The Late Medieval Balkans'', Ann Arbor, 1987.

==External links==
* [http://sitemaker.umich.edu/mladjov/files/bulgarian_rulers.pdf Detailed list of Bulgarian rulers]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Smilets of Bulgaria|Smilets]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Tsar of Bulgaria]]|years=1298–1299}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Tsar Chaka|Chaka]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Bulgarian monarchs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ivan 02 Of Bulgaria}}
[[Category:13th-century births]]
[[Category:14th-century deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century Bulgarian tsars]]
[[Category:14th-century Bulgarian tsars]]
[[Category:Smilets dynasty]]
[[Category:Monarchs deposed as children]]
[[Category:Medieval child monarchs]]
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]

Ivan II of Bulgaria - Revision history

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