Ivan Chodkiewicz - Revision history

imported>Mellk: added Category:15th-century Lithuanian nobility using HotCat

2025-10-08T01:02:10Z

added Category:15th-century Lithuanian nobility using HotCat

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:02, 8 October 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|Ruthenian noble (c. 1420 – 1484)}}		{{Short description\|Ruthenian noble (c. 1420 – 1484)}}
	[[File:Іван Ходкевич.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Picture of Ivan Chodkiewicz from [[Bartosz Paprocki]]'s book "Gniazdo Cnoty"]]		[[File:Іван Ходкевич.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Picture of Ivan Chodkiewicz from [[Bartosz Paprocki]]'s book "Gniazdo Cnoty"]]
	'''Ivan Chodkiewicz''' ({{langx\|lt\|Ivanas Chodkevičius}}; {{circa}} 1420 – 1484)~~{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=30}}~~ was a [[Ruthenian nobility\|Ruthenian noble]] from the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. He was a son of [[Chodko Jurewicz]] and ancestor of the [[Chodkiewicz]] family. Ivan married Jawnuta (Agnieszka) Belska, first cousin of [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]]. The marriage into the royal line helped him to obtain positions of [[starosta]] of [[Lutsk]] (1473) and [[voivode of Kiev]] (1480). During a [[Tatars\|Tatar]] invasion in 1482, Ivan and his family were taken hostage. Ivan died in captivity while his wife, daughter Agrafena, and son [[Aleksander Chodkiewicz]] were ransomed and continued the family line.		'''Ivan Chodkiewicz''' ({{langx\|lt\|Ivanas Chodkevičius}}; {{circa}} 1420 – 1484) was a [[Ruthenian nobility\|Ruthenian noble]] from the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. He was a son of [[Chodko Jurewicz]] and ancestor of the [[Chodkiewicz]] family. Ivan married Jawnuta (Agnieszka) Belska, first cousin of [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]]. The marriage into the royal line helped him to obtain positions of [[starosta]] of [[Lutsk]] (1473) and [[voivode of Kiev]] (1480). During a [[Tatars\|Tatar]] invasion in 1482, Ivan and his family were taken hostage. Ivan died in captivity while his wife, daughter Agrafena, and son [[Aleksander Chodkiewicz]] were ransomed and continued the family line.

	==Biography==		==Biography==

	===Early life===		===Early life===
	Traditionally, historiography states that Ivan Chodkiewicz first appears in written sources in 1453 as a member of a Lithuanian delegation sent to the [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland]] in [[Parczew]]. However, this note is based on an unreliable account by [[Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=76}} According to Lithuanian historian Genutė Kirkienė, the first reliable mention of Ivan was on 6 June 1459 when he witnessed a treaty. At the time he was [[starosta]] of [[Minsk]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=77}} He reappeared as a military commander in 1466 during the [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)]] between the Kingdom of Poland and the [[Teutonic Knights]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=77}} The Grand Duchy of Lithuania declared neutrality and officially did not participate in the war. In 1466, the Knights defended themselves in [[Chojnice]] (Konitz) and the siege by Polish troops, commanded by [[Piotr Dunin]], stalled. Polish King and Lithuanian Grand Duke [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] sent reinforcements of 500 Lithuanian and 300 Tatar soldiers, who were commanded by Ivan Chodkiewicz.{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=38}} The Polish–Lithuanian forces succeeded in burning and capturing the city on 28 September 1466.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=77}}		Ivan was born around 1420.{{sfn\|Podhorodecki\|1997\|p=6}}{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=30}} Traditionally, historiography states that Ivan Chodkiewicz first appears in written sources in 1453 as a member of a Lithuanian delegation sent to the [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland]] in [[Parczew]]. However, this note is based on an unreliable account by [[Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=76}} According to Lithuanian historian Genutė Kirkienė, the first reliable mention of Ivan was on 6 June 1459 when he witnessed a treaty. At the time he was [[starosta]] of [[Minsk]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=77}} He reappeared as a military commander in 1466 during the [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)]] between the Kingdom of Poland and the [[Teutonic Knights]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=77}} The Grand Duchy of Lithuania declared neutrality and officially did not participate in the war. In 1466, the Knights defended themselves in [[Chojnice]] (Konitz) and the siege by Polish troops, commanded by [[Piotr Dunin]], stalled. Polish King and Lithuanian Grand Duke [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] sent reinforcements of 500 Lithuanian and 300 Tatar soldiers, who were commanded by Ivan Chodkiewicz.{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=38}} The Polish–Lithuanian forces succeeded in burning and capturing the city on 28 September 1466.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=77}}

	In 1470, Ivan Chodkiewicz became part of the royal court. In a 23 October 1470 document he was mentioned as court marshal (''[[marszałek]] hospodarski'') and governor of [[Lida]]. In this position, which was shared with other people and held by Ivan until 1479, he was responsible for the security of the royal court.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=78}} Around this time he married Jawnuta (Agnieszka) Belska, daughter of {{ill\|Ivan Vladimirovich Belsky\|ru\|Иван Владимирович Бельский}} and first cousin of Casimir IV. It is believed that their first son, [[Aleksander Chodkiewicz]], was born around 1475. Kirkienė argued that the wedding was a boost for further career of Ivan, who lost his position in Lida to become a governor of [[Vitebsk]] around 1473.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=87}}<ref group=nb>The date is usually given as 1477, when the title was reliably mentioned in a written document.</ref>		In 1470, Ivan Chodkiewicz became part of the royal court. In a 23 October 1470 document he was mentioned as court marshal (''[[marszałek]] hospodarski'') and governor of [[Lida]]. In this position, which was shared with other people and held by Ivan until 1479, he was responsible for the security of the royal court.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=78}} Around this time he married Jawnuta (Agnieszka) Belska, daughter of {{ill\|Ivan Vladimirovich Belsky\|ru\|Иван Владимирович Бельский}} and first cousin of Casimir IV. It is believed that their first son, [[Aleksander Chodkiewicz]], was born around 1475. Kirkienė argued that the wedding was a boost for further career of Ivan, who lost his position in Lida to become a governor of [[Vitebsk]] around 1473.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=87}}<ref group=nb>The date is usually given as 1477, when the title was reliably mentioned in a written document.</ref>
Line 13:		Line 13:
	On 12 October 1474, Ivan Chodkiewicz commanded Lithuanian troops in a battle near [[Wrocław]] (Breslau) against [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=80}} Ivan, his otherwise unknown brother Pavel, and eleven other [[Ruthenia]]n nobles signed a letter to [[Pope Sixtus IV]] in 1476, authored by [[Misail Pstruch]], [[Metropolitan of Kiev]].{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=40}} The letter expressed loyalty to the [[Council of Florence]] and supported a [[church union]] between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. It also contained complains that the Catholics were discriminating the Orthodoxs and asked the Pope for protection.{{sfn\|Hryniewicz\|2007\|p=210}} There are doubts whether the letter was authentic and not a later forgery.		On 12 October 1474, Ivan Chodkiewicz commanded Lithuanian troops in a battle near [[Wrocław]] (Breslau) against [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=80}} Ivan, his otherwise unknown brother Pavel, and eleven other [[Ruthenia]]n nobles signed a letter to [[Pope Sixtus IV]] in 1476, authored by [[Misail Pstruch]], [[Metropolitan of Kiev]].{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=40}} The letter expressed loyalty to the [[Council of Florence]] and supported a [[church union]] between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. It also contained complains that the Catholics were discriminating the Orthodoxs and asked the Pope for protection.{{sfn\|Hryniewicz\|2007\|p=210}} There are doubts whether the letter was authentic and not a later forgery.

	In 1478, Ivan was mentioned as starosta of [[Lutsk]]. It was a high-level position in [[Volhynia]], an important region contested between Poland and Lithuania. As starosta, Ivan enacted new taxes that faced resistance and were canceled by his successor.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=82}} Ivan Chodkiewicz reached the top of his career when he became [[voivode of Kiev]] in summer 1480. This upset dynastic interest of the [[Olelkovych]] and [[Belsky family (Gediminid)\|Belsky families]], who could claim ancestry from the ruling [[Gediminid dynasty]] and [[Grand Prince of Kiev\|Princes of Kiev]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|pp=81–82}} Disappointed by such dynastic policies, [[Mikhailo Olelkovich]] with relatives {{ill\|Ivan Olshanski-Dubrovicki\|ru\|Гольшанский, Иван Юрьевич}} and {{ill\|Feodor Ivanovich Belsky\|ru\|Бельский, Фёдор Иванович}} planned a coup against Casimir IV in 1481. However, the conspiracy was discovered, possibly by Ivan Chodkiewicz, and Mikhailo and Ivan were executed.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|pp=90–91}} Kiev Voivodeship was threatened by the [[Crimean Khanate]] under Khan [[Meñli I Giray]]. Therefore, it had to have strong and organized military, and Ivan's military experience was useful.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=82}} However, the Tatars invaded the region and kidnapped Ivan and his family in 1482. Ivan and his daughter (name unknown) died in captivity, while his wife, son Aleksander, and daughter Agrafena were ransomed.{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=42}}		In 1478, Ivan was mentioned as starosta of [[Lutsk]]. It was a high-level position in [[Volhynia]], an important region contested between Poland and Lithuania. As starosta, Ivan enacted new taxes that faced resistance and were canceled by his successor.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=82}} Ivan Chodkiewicz reached the top of his career when he became [[voivode of Kiev]] in summer 1480. This upset dynastic interest of the [[Olelkovych]] and [[Belsky family (Gediminid)\|Belsky families]], who could claim ancestry from the ruling [[Gediminid dynasty]] and [[Grand Prince of Kiev\|Princes of Kiev]].{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|pp=81–82}} Disappointed by such dynastic policies, [[Mikhailo Olelkovich]] with relatives {{ill\|Ivan Olshanski-Dubrovicki\|ru\|Гольшанский, Иван Юрьевич}} and {{ill\|Feodor Ivanovich Belsky\|ru\|Бельский, Фёдор Иванович}} planned a coup against Casimir IV in 1481. However, the conspiracy was discovered, possibly by Ivan Chodkiewicz, and Mikhailo and Ivan were executed.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|pp=90–91}} Kiev Voivodeship was threatened by the [[Crimean Khanate]] under Khan [[Meñli I Giray]]. Therefore, it had to have strong and organized military, and Ivan's military experience was useful.{{sfn\|Kirkienė\|2008\|p=82}} However, the Tatars invaded the region and kidnapped Ivan and his family in 1482. Ivan and his daughter (name unknown) died in captivity around 1484,{{sfn\|Hrytskyevich\|2005\|p=709}}{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=30}} while his wife, son Aleksander, and daughter Agrafena were ransomed.{{sfn\|Dmitruk\|2004\|p=42}}

	==Notes==		==Notes==
Line 25:		Line 25:
	* {{cite journal\|first=Stefan \|last=Dmitruk \|url=http://kamunikat.fontel.net/pdf/bzh/21/02.pdf \|title=Geneza rodu Chodkiewiczów \|journal=Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne \|volume=21 \|year=2004 \|issn=1232-7468 \|language=pl \|url-status=usurped \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070745/http://kamunikat.fontel.net/pdf/bzh/21/02.pdf \|archivedate=2011-07-16 }}		* {{cite journal\|first=Stefan \|last=Dmitruk \|url=http://kamunikat.fontel.net/pdf/bzh/21/02.pdf \|title=Geneza rodu Chodkiewiczów \|journal=Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne \|volume=21 \|year=2004 \|issn=1232-7468 \|language=pl \|url-status=usurped \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070745/http://kamunikat.fontel.net/pdf/bzh/21/02.pdf \|archivedate=2011-07-16 }}
	* {{cite book\| title=The challenge of our hope: Christian faith in dialogue \|first=Wacław \|last=Hryniewicz \|publisher=CRVP \|year=2007 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7dq4-Xvn0EC&pg=PA210 \|volume=32 \|series=Cultural heritage and contemporary change: Eastern and Central Europe \|isbn=1-56518-237-5}}		* {{cite book\| title=The challenge of our hope: Christian faith in dialogue \|first=Wacław \|last=Hryniewicz \|publisher=CRVP \|year=2007 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7dq4-Xvn0EC&pg=PA210 \|volume=32 \|series=Cultural heritage and contemporary change: Eastern and Central Europe \|isbn=1-56518-237-5}}
			* {{cite book \|last1=Hrytskyevich \|first1=Anatol \|title=Вялікае княства Літоўскае: Энцыклапедыя — Т. 2: Кадэцкі корпус — Яцкевіч. \|date=2005 \|publisher=Беларуская Энцыклапедыя \|location=Minsk \|isbn=985-11-0378-0 \|pages=709–711 \|chapter=Хадкевіч}}
	* {{cite book\| title=LDK politikos elito galingieji: Chodkevičiai XV–XVI amžiuje \|first=Genutė \|last=Kirkienė \| publisher=Vilniaus universiteto leidykla \|year=2008 \|isbn=978-9955-33-359-3 \|language=lt}}		* {{cite book\| title=LDK politikos elito galingieji: Chodkevičiai XV–XVI amžiuje \|first=Genutė \|last=Kirkienė \| publisher=Vilniaus universiteto leidykla \|year=2008 \|isbn=978-9955-33-359-3 \|language=lt}}
			* {{cite book \|last1=Podhorodecki \|first1=Leszek \|title=Dzieje rodu Chodkiewiczów \|date=1997 \|publisher=Wydawn. Bellona \|location=Warszawa \|isbn=83-86857-35-8}}

	{{Voivodes of Kiev}}		{{Voivodes of Kiev}}
Line 32:		Line 34:
	[[Category:1420s births]]		[[Category:1420s births]]
	[[Category:1484 deaths]]		[[Category:1484 deaths]]

	[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]		[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
	[[Category:Chodkiewicz family\|Ivan Chodkiewicz]]		[[Category:Chodkiewicz family\|Ivan Chodkiewicz]]
	[[Category:Ruthenian nobility]]		[[Category:Ruthenian nobility]]
	[[Category:Voivodes of Kiev]]		[[Category:Voivodes of Kiev]]
			[[Category:15th-century Lithuanian nobility]]

195.20.125.16 at 18:05, 27 May 2025

2025-05-27T18:05:24Z

New page

{{Short description|Ruthenian noble (c. 1420 – 1484)}}
[[File:Іван Ходкевич.png|200px|thumb|right|Picture of Ivan Chodkiewicz from [[Bartosz Paprocki]]'s book "Gniazdo Cnoty"]]
'''Ivan Chodkiewicz''' ({{langx|lt|Ivanas Chodkevičius}}; {{circa}} 1420 – 1484){{sfn|Dmitruk|2004|p=30}} was a [[Ruthenian nobility|Ruthenian noble]] from the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. He was a son of [[Chodko Jurewicz]] and ancestor of the [[Chodkiewicz]] family. Ivan married Jawnuta (Agnieszka) Belska, first cousin of [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]]. The marriage into the royal line helped him to obtain positions of [[starosta]] of [[Lutsk]] (1473) and [[voivode of Kiev]] (1480). During a [[Tatars|Tatar]] invasion in 1482, Ivan and his family were taken hostage. Ivan died in captivity while his wife, daughter Agrafena, and son [[Aleksander Chodkiewicz]] were ransomed and continued the family line.

==Biography==

===Early life===
Traditionally, historiography states that Ivan Chodkiewicz first appears in written sources in 1453 as a member of a Lithuanian delegation sent to the [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland]] in [[Parczew]]. However, this note is based on an unreliable account by [[Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz]].{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=76}} According to Lithuanian historian Genutė Kirkienė, the first reliable mention of Ivan was on 6 June 1459 when he witnessed a treaty. At the time he was [[starosta]] of [[Minsk]].{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=77}} He reappeared as a military commander in 1466 during the [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)]] between the Kingdom of Poland and the [[Teutonic Knights]].{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=77}} The Grand Duchy of Lithuania declared neutrality and officially did not participate in the war. In 1466, the Knights defended themselves in [[Chojnice]] (Konitz) and the siege by Polish troops, commanded by [[Piotr Dunin]], stalled. Polish King and Lithuanian Grand Duke [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] sent reinforcements of 500 Lithuanian and 300 Tatar soldiers, who were commanded by Ivan Chodkiewicz.{{sfn|Dmitruk|2004|p=38}} The Polish–Lithuanian forces succeeded in burning and capturing the city on 28 September 1466.{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=77}}

In 1470, Ivan Chodkiewicz became part of the royal court. In a 23 October 1470 document he was mentioned as court marshal (''[[marszałek]] hospodarski'') and governor of [[Lida]]. In this position, which was shared with other people and held by Ivan until 1479, he was responsible for the security of the royal court.{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=78}} Around this time he married Jawnuta (Agnieszka) Belska, daughter of {{ill|Ivan Vladimirovich Belsky|ru|Иван Владимирович Бельский}} and first cousin of Casimir IV. It is believed that their first son, [[Aleksander Chodkiewicz]], was born around 1475. Kirkienė argued that the wedding was a boost for further career of Ivan, who lost his position in Lida to become a governor of [[Vitebsk]] around 1473.{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=87}}<ref group=nb>The date is usually given as 1477, when the title was reliably mentioned in a written document.</ref>

===Later career===
On 12 October 1474, Ivan Chodkiewicz commanded Lithuanian troops in a battle near [[Wrocław]] (Breslau) against [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary]].{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=80}} Ivan, his otherwise unknown brother Pavel, and eleven other [[Ruthenia]]n nobles signed a letter to [[Pope Sixtus IV]] in 1476, authored by [[Misail Pstruch]], [[Metropolitan of Kiev]].{{sfn|Dmitruk|2004|p=40}} The letter expressed loyalty to the [[Council of Florence]] and supported a [[church union]] between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. It also contained complains that the Catholics were discriminating the Orthodoxs and asked the Pope for protection.{{sfn|Hryniewicz|2007|p=210}} There are doubts whether the letter was authentic and not a later forgery.

In 1478, Ivan was mentioned as starosta of [[Lutsk]]. It was a high-level position in [[Volhynia]], an important region contested between Poland and Lithuania. As starosta, Ivan enacted new taxes that faced resistance and were canceled by his successor.{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=82}} Ivan Chodkiewicz reached the top of his career when he became [[voivode of Kiev]] in summer 1480. This upset dynastic interest of the [[Olelkovych]] and [[Belsky family (Gediminid)|Belsky families]], who could claim ancestry from the ruling [[Gediminid dynasty]] and [[Grand Prince of Kiev|Princes of Kiev]].{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|pp=81–82}} Disappointed by such dynastic policies, [[Mikhailo Olelkovich]] with relatives {{ill|Ivan Olshanski-Dubrovicki|ru|Гольшанский, Иван Юрьевич}} and {{ill|Feodor Ivanovich Belsky|ru|Бельский, Фёдор Иванович}} planned a coup against Casimir IV in 1481. However, the conspiracy was discovered, possibly by Ivan Chodkiewicz, and Mikhailo and Ivan were executed.{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|pp=90–91}} Kiev Voivodeship was threatened by the [[Crimean Khanate]] under Khan [[Meñli I Giray]]. Therefore, it had to have strong and organized military, and Ivan's military experience was useful.{{sfn|Kirkienė|2008|p=82}} However, the Tatars invaded the region and kidnapped Ivan and his family in 1482. Ivan and his daughter (name unknown) died in captivity, while his wife, son Aleksander, and daughter Agrafena were ransomed.{{sfn|Dmitruk|2004|p=42}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist|20em}}

;Bibliography
* {{cite journal|first=Stefan |last=Dmitruk |url=http://kamunikat.fontel.net/pdf/bzh/21/02.pdf |title=Geneza rodu Chodkiewiczów |journal=Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne |volume=21 |year=2004 |issn=1232-7468 |language=pl |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070745/http://kamunikat.fontel.net/pdf/bzh/21/02.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-16 }}
* {{cite book| title=The challenge of our hope: Christian faith in dialogue |first=Wacław |last=Hryniewicz |publisher=CRVP |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7dq4-Xvn0EC&pg=PA210 |volume=32 |series=Cultural heritage and contemporary change: Eastern and Central Europe |isbn=1-56518-237-5}}
* {{cite book| title=LDK politikos elito galingieji: Chodkevičiai XV–XVI amžiuje |first=Genutė |last=Kirkienė | publisher=Vilniaus universiteto leidykla |year=2008 |isbn=978-9955-33-359-3 |language=lt}}

{{Voivodes of Kiev}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chodkiewicz, Ivan}}
[[Category:1420s births]]
[[Category:1484 deaths]]

[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Chodkiewicz family|Ivan Chodkiewicz]]
[[Category:Ruthenian nobility]]
[[Category:Voivodes of Kiev]]