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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Italian research institute}}<br />
{{Expand Italian|Istituto nazionale di fisica nucleare|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox institute<br />
|name = Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare<br />
|image = INFN logo 2017.svg<br />
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|city = [[Rome]]<br />
|country = Italy<br />
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|website = {{url|http://www.infn.it}}<br />
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The '''Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare''' ('''INFN'''; "National Institute for Nuclear Physics") is the coordinating institution for [[nuclear physics|nuclear]], [[particle physics|particle]], [[theoretical physics|theoretical]] and [[astroparticle physics]] in Italy.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
INFN was founded on the 8th of August 1951, to further the nuclear physics research tradition initiated by [[Enrico Fermi]] in [[Rome]], in the 1930s. The INFN collaborates with [[CERN]], [[Fermilab]] and various other laboratories in the world. In recent years it has provided important contributions to [[grid computing]].<br />
<br />
During the latter half of the 1950s, the INFN designed and constructed the first Italian electron accelerator—the [[electron]] [[synchrotron]] developed in [[Frascati]]. In the early 1960s, it also constructed in Frascati the first ever electron-positron [[collider]] ([[ADA collider|ADA]] - ''Anello Di Accumulazione''), under the scientific leadership of [[Bruno Touschek]].<ref>[http://www.lnf.infn.it/acceleratori/ada/ ADA<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In 1968, Frascati began operating [[ADONE]] (''big'' AdA), which was the first high-energy [[particle collider]], having a beam energy of 1.5 GeV.<ref><br />
{{cite book |author1-link=Lillian Hoddeson<br />
|author2-link=Laurie Brown (physicist)<br />
| last=Hoddeson | first=Lillian<br />
|author2=Brown, Laurie |author3=Riordan, Michael|author3-link=Michael Riordan (physicist) |author4= Dresden, Max <br />
| title=The Rise of the Standard Model: Particle Physics in the 1960s and 1970s<br />
| url=https://archive.org/details/risestandardmode00hodd | url-access=limited | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1997<br />
| pages=[https://archive.org/details/risestandardmode00hodd/page/n55 25]&ndash;26 | isbn=0-521-57816-7<br />
}}</ref><ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| last=Preger | first=M. |author2=Murtas, F.<br />
| url=http://www.lnf.infn.it/acceleratori/adone/<br />
| title=ADONE ( 1969-1993 ) | date=1997-03-20<br />
| publisher=Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati<br />
| access-date=2008-09-16<br />
}}</ref> During the same period, the INFN began to participate in research into the construction and use of ever-more powerful accelerators being conducted at [[CERN]].<br />
<br />
The INFN has ''Sezioni'' (Divisions) in most major [[Italian universities]] and four national laboratories. It has personnel of its own, but it is mostly the main funding agency for high-energy physics in Italy. University personnel can be affiliated with INFN and receive from it research grants.<br />
<br />
==Laboratories==<br />
* [[Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso]], situated near the [[Gran Sasso]] mountain <br />
* [[Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro]], in [[Legnaro]]<br />
* [[Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati]], in [[Frascati]]<br />
* Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, in [[Catania]]<br />
<br />
== Divisions ==<br />
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|<br />
* Bari <br />
* Bologna<br />
* Bologna - CNAF<br />
* Cagliari<br />
* Catania<br />
* Ferrara<br />
* Firenze<br />
* Firenze - GGI<br />
* Genova<br />
* Lecce<br />
* Milano<br />
* Milano - Bicocca<br />
* Napoli<br />
* Padova<br />
* Pavia<br />
* Perugia<br />
* Pisa<br />
* Roma<br />
* Roma - II<br />
* Roma - III<br />
* Torino<br />
* Trento - TIFPA<br />
* Trieste<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Presidents ==<br />
*1954-1959 [[Gilberto Bernardini]] ({{lang|it|[[:it:Gilberto Bernardini|it]]}})<br />
*1960-1965 [[Edoardo Amaldi]]<br />
*1966-1970 [[Giorgio Salvini]]<br />
*1970-1975 Claudio Villi ({{lang|it|[[:it:Claudio Villi|it]]}})<br />
*1976-1977 Alberto Gigli Berzolari<br />
*1977-1983 [[Antonino Zichichi]]<br />
*1983-1992 [[Nicola Cabibbo]]<br />
*1993-1998 [[Luciano Maiani]]<br />
*1998-2004 Enzo Iarocci<br />
*2004–2011 Roberto Petronzio<br />
*2011–2019 Fernando Ferroni<br />
*2019–current Antonio Zoccoli<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[AURIGA]]: a gravitational wave experiment<br />
* [[European Gravitational Observatory]], a collaboration with [[CNRS]] of France<br />
* [[FLUKA]]<br />
* The [[INFN Grid]] Project: INFN involvement in [[grid computing]]<br />
* [[Møller scattering]]<br />
* [[Touschek effect]] – an effect first observed in ADA and explained by [[Bruno Touschek]] (after whom it is now named), whereby the beam lifetime of storage rings is reduced due to loss of the colliding particles from scattering.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.infn.it/index.php?lang=en Official website]<br />
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{{coord missing|Italy}}<br />
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{{authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:1951 establishments in Italy]]<br />
[[Category:Institutes associated with CERN]]<br />
[[Category:Physics institutes in Italy]]<br />
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1951]]</div>imported>AusLondonder