imported>Smasongarrison: Removing from Category:15th-century French people Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

2025-12-28T19:17:52Z

Removing from Category:15th-century French people Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

imported>Letthemeatfood at 13:49, 7 May 2025

2025-05-07T13:49:43Z

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:17, 28 December 2025
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	'''Isabeau of Bavaria''' (or '''Isabelle'''; also '''Elisabeth of Bavaria-Ingolstadt'''; c. 1370 – 24 September 1435) was [[Queen of France]] as the wife of King [[Charles VI of France\|Charles VI]] from 1385 to 1422. She was born into the [[House of Wittelsbach]] as the only daughter of Duke [[Stephen III of Bavaria-Ingolstadt]] and [[Taddea Visconti]] of [[Milan]]. At age 15 or 16, ~~Isabella~~ was sent to France to marry the young Charles VI; the couple wed three days after their first meeting. ~~Isabella~~ was honored in 1389 with a lavish [[coronation of the French monarch\|coronation]] ceremony and entry into Paris.		'''Isabeau of Bavaria''' (or '''Isabelle'''; also '''Elisabeth of Bavaria-Ingolstadt'''; {{Circa\|1370}} – 24 September 1435) was [[Queen of France]] as the wife of King [[Charles VI of France\|Charles VI]] from 1385 to 1422. She was born into the [[House of Wittelsbach]] as the only daughter of Duke [[Stephen III of Bavaria-Ingolstadt]] and [[Taddea Visconti]] of [[Milan]]. At age 15 or 16, Isabeau was sent to France to marry the young Charles VI; the couple wed three days after their first meeting. Isabeau was honored in 1389 with a lavish [[coronation of the French monarch\|coronation]] ceremony and entry into Paris.

	In 1392, Charles suffered the first attack of what was to become a lifelong and progressive mental illness, resulting in periodic withdrawal from government. The episodes occurred with increasing frequency, leaving a court both divided by political factions and steeped in social extravagances. A 1393 [[masque]] for one of Isabeau's [[ladies-in-waiting]]—an event later known as ''[[Bal des Ardents]]''—ended in disaster with Charles almost burning to death. Although the King demanded Isabeau's removal from his presence during his illness, he consistently allowed her to act on his behalf. In this way she became [[regent]] to the [[Dauphin of France]] ([[heir apparent]]), and sat on the regency council, allowing her far more power than was usual for a medieval queen consort.		In 1392, Charles suffered the first attack of what was to become a lifelong and progressive mental illness, resulting in periodic withdrawal from government. The episodes occurred with increasing frequency, leaving a court both divided by political factions and steeped in social extravagances. A 1393 [[masque]] for one of Isabeau's [[ladies-in-waiting]]—an event later known as ''[[Bal des Ardents]]''—ended in disaster with Charles almost burning to death. Although the King demanded Isabeau's removal from his presence during his illness, he consistently allowed her to act on his behalf. In this way she became [[regent]] to the [[Dauphin of France]] ([[heir apparent]]), and sat on the regency council, allowing her far more power than was usual for a medieval queen consort.
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	As Isabeau crossed the [[Pont Notre-Dame\|Grand Pont]] to Notre Dame, a person dressed as an angel descended from the church by mechanical means and "passed through an opening of the hangings of blue taffeta with golden [[Fleur-de-lis\|fleurs-des-lis]], which covered the bridge, and put a crown on her head." The angel was then pulled back up into the church.<ref>Huizinga (2009 edition), 236</ref> An acrobat carrying two candles walked along a rope suspended from the spires of the cathedral to the tallest house in the city.<ref name = "Tuchman455ff"/>		As Isabeau crossed the [[Pont Notre-Dame\|Grand Pont]] to Notre Dame, a person dressed as an angel descended from the church by mechanical means and "passed through an opening of the hangings of blue taffeta with golden [[Fleur-de-lis\|fleurs-des-lis]], which covered the bridge, and put a crown on her head." The angel was then pulled back up into the church.<ref>Huizinga (2009 edition), 236</ref> An acrobat carrying two candles walked along a rope suspended from the spires of the cathedral to the tallest house in the city.<ref name = "Tuchman455ff"/>
			[[File:CoA of Isabeau of Bavaria (round shild).png\|thumb\|Cost of arms of Isabeau as queen consort of France]]
	After Isabeau's crowning, the procession made its way back from the cathedral along a route lit by 500 candles. They were greeted by a royal feast and a progression of [[Medieval pageant\|narrative pageants]], complete with a depiction of the [[Fall of Troy]]. Isabeau, then seven months pregnant, nearly fainted from heat on the first of the five days of festivities. To pay for the extravagant event, taxes were raised in Paris two months later.<ref name = "Tuchman455ff">Tuchman (1978), 455–457</ref>		After Isabeau's crowning, the procession made its way back from the cathedral along a route lit by 500 candles. They were greeted by a royal feast and a progression of [[Medieval pageant\|narrative pageants]], complete with a depiction of the [[Fall of Troy]]. Isabeau, then seven months pregnant, nearly fainted from heat on the first of the five days of festivities. To pay for the extravagant event, taxes were raised in Paris two months later.<ref name="Tuchman455ff">Tuchman (1978), 455–457</ref>

	==The illness of Charles VI==		==The illness of Charles VI==
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	[[File:Isabeau of Bavaria1.jpg\|thumb\|19th-century depiction of Isabeau by {{Interlanguage link multi\|Paul Lormier\|fr}}]]		[[File:Isabeau of Bavaria1.jpg\|thumb\|19th-century depiction of Isabeau by {{Interlanguage link multi\|Paul Lormier\|fr}}]]

	Isabeau was accused of indulging in extravagant and expensive fashions, jewel-laden dresses and elaborate [[braid]]ed hairstyles coiled into tall shells, covered with wide double [[hennin]]s that, reportedly, required widened doorways to pass through.<ref>Tuchman (1978), 504</ref> In 1406, a pro-Burgundian satirical pamphlet in verse allegory listed Isabeau's supposed lovers.<ref name="Gibbons65ff"/> She was accused of leading France into a civil war because of her inability to support a single faction; she was described as an "empty headed" German; of her children, it was said that she "took pleasure in a new pregnancy only insofar as it offered her new gifts"; and her political mistakes were attributed to her being fat.<ref name = "Adamsxiiiff"/>		Isabeau was accused of indulging in extravagant and expensive fashions, jewel-laden dresses and elaborate [[Braid (hairstyle)\|braid]]ed hairstyles coiled into tall shells, covered with wide double [[hennin]]s that, reportedly, required widened doorways to pass through.<ref>Tuchman (1978), 504</ref> In 1406, a pro-Burgundian satirical pamphlet in verse allegory listed Isabeau's supposed lovers.<ref name="Gibbons65ff"/> She was accused of leading France into a civil war because of her inability to support a single faction; she was described as an "empty headed" German; of her children, it was said that she "took pleasure in a new pregnancy only insofar as it offered her new gifts"; and her political mistakes were attributed to her being fat.<ref name = "Adamsxiiiff"/>

	In the 18th and 19th centuries, historians characterized Isabeau as "an adulterous, luxurious, meddlesome, scheming, and spendthrift queen", overlooking her political achievements and influence. A popular book written by Louise de Karalio (1758–1822) about the "bad" French queens prior to [[Marie Antoinette]] is, according to Adams, where "Isabeau's black legend attains its full expression in a violent attack on the French royalty in general and queens in particular."<ref>Adams (2010), 58–59</ref> Karalio wrote: "Isabeau was raised by the furies to bring about the ruin of the state and to sell it to its enemies; Isabeau of Bavaria appeared, and her marriage, celebrated in Amiens on 17 July 1385, would be regarded as the most horrifying moment in our history".<ref>Qtd. in Adams (2010), 60</ref> Isabeau was painted as Orléans' passionate lover, and the inspiration for the [[Marquis de Sade]]'s unpublished 1813 novel ''[[Histoire secrete d'Isabelle de Baviere, reine de France\|Histoire secrète d'Isabelle de Bavière, reine de France]]'', about which Adams writes, "submitting the queen to his ideology of gallantry, [the Marquis de Sade] gives her rapaciousness a cold and calculating violence ... a woman who carefully manages her greed for maximum gratification."<ref>Qtd. in Adams (2010), 61</ref> She goes on to say that de Sade admitted to "being perfectly aware that the charges against the queen are without ground."<ref>Adams (2010), 61</ref>		In the 18th and 19th centuries, historians characterized Isabeau as "an adulterous, luxurious, meddlesome, scheming, and spendthrift queen", overlooking her political achievements and influence. A popular book written by Louise de Karalio (1758–1822) about the "bad" French queens prior to [[Marie Antoinette]] is, according to Adams, where "Isabeau's black legend attains its full expression in a violent attack on the French royalty in general and queens in particular."<ref>Adams (2010), 58–59</ref> Karalio wrote: "Isabeau was raised by the furies to bring about the ruin of the state and to sell it to its enemies; Isabeau of Bavaria appeared, and her marriage, celebrated in Amiens on 17 July 1385, would be regarded as the most horrifying moment in our history".<ref>Qtd. in Adams (2010), 60</ref> Isabeau was painted as Orléans' passionate lover, and the inspiration for the [[Marquis de Sade]]'s unpublished 1813 novel ''[[Histoire secrete d'Isabelle de Baviere, reine de France\|Histoire secrète d'Isabelle de Bavière, reine de France]]'', about which Adams writes, "submitting the queen to his ideology of gallantry, [the Marquis de Sade] gives her rapaciousness a cold and calculating violence ... a woman who carefully manages her greed for maximum gratification."<ref>Qtd. in Adams (2010), 61</ref> She goes on to say that de Sade admitted to "being perfectly aware that the charges against the queen are without ground."<ref>Adams (2010), 61</ref>
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	The birth of each of Isabeau's 12 children is well chronicled;<ref name="Gibbons54ff"/> even the decoration schemes of the rooms in which she gave birth are described.<ref name = "Adams230ff"/> She had six sons and six daughters. The first son, born in 1386, died as an infant and the last, Philip, born in 1407, lived a single day. Three others died young with only her youngest son, Charles VII, living to adulthood. Five of the six daughters survived; four were married and one, [[Marie of Valois, Prioress of Poissy\|Marie]] (1393–1438), was sent at age four to be raised in a convent, where she became prioress.<ref name = "Adams230ff">Adams (2010), 230–233</ref>		The birth of each of Isabeau's 12 children is well chronicled;<ref name="Gibbons54ff"/> even the decoration schemes of the rooms in which she gave birth are described.<ref name = "Adams230ff"/> She had six sons and six daughters. The first son, born in 1386, died as an infant and the last, Philip, born in 1407, lived a single day. Three others died young with only her youngest son, Charles VII, living to adulthood. Five of the six daughters survived; four were married and one, [[Marie of Valois, Prioress of Poissy\|Marie]] (1393–1438), was sent at age four to be raised in a convent, where she became prioress.<ref name = "Adams230ff">Adams (2010), 230–233</ref>

	Her first son, Charles (b. 1386), the first Dauphin, died in infancy. A daughter, Joan, born two years later, lived until 1390. The second daughter, [[Isabella of Valois\|Isabella]] (1389-1409) was married at age ~~seven~~ to [[Richard II of England]] and after his death to [[Charles, Duke of Orléans]]. The third daughter, another [[Joan of France (1391–1433)\|Joan]] (1391–1433), who lived to age 42, married [[John VI, Duke of Brittany]]. The fourth daughter, [[Michelle of Valois\|Michelle]] (1395–1422), first wife to Philip the Good, died childless at age 27. [[Catherine of Valois]], Queen of England (1401–1437), married [[Henry V of England]]; on his death she took Sir [[Owen Tudor]] as her second husband.<ref name = "Adams230ff"/>		Her first son, Charles (b. 1386), the first Dauphin, died in infancy. A daughter, Joan, born two years later, lived until 1390. The second daughter, [[Isabella of Valois\|Isabella]] (1389-1409) was married at age six to [[Richard II of England]] and after his death to [[Charles, Duke of Orléans]]. The third daughter, another [[Joan of France (1391–1433)\|Joan]] (1391–1433), who lived to age 42, married [[John VI, Duke of Brittany]]. The fourth daughter, [[Michelle of Valois\|Michelle]] (1395–1422), first wife to Philip the Good, died childless at age 27. [[Catherine of Valois]], Queen of England (1401–1437), married [[Henry V of England]]; on his death she took Sir [[Owen Tudor]] as her second husband.<ref name = "Adams230ff"/>

	Of her remaining sons, the second Dauphin was another Charles (1392–1401), who died at age eight of a "wasting illness". [[Louis, Duke of Guyenne]] (1397-1415), was the third Dauphin, married to [[Margaret of Nevers]], who died at age 18. [[John, Duke of Touraine]] (1398-1417), the fourth Dauphin, the first husband of [[Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut]], died without issue, also at the age of 18. The fifth Dauphin, yet another Charles (1403-1461), became King Charles VII of France after his father's death. He was married to [[Marie of Anjou]].<ref name = "Adams230ff"/> Her last son, Philip, died in infancy in the year 1407.		Of her remaining sons, the second Dauphin was another Charles (1392–1401), who died at age eight of a "wasting illness". [[Louis, Duke of Guyenne]] (1397-1415), was the third Dauphin, married to [[Margaret of Nevers]], who died at age 18. [[John, Duke of Touraine]] (1398-1417), the fourth Dauphin, the first husband of [[Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut]], died without issue, also at the age of 18. The fifth Dauphin, yet another Charles (1403-1461), became King Charles VII of France after his father's death. He was married to [[Marie of Anjou]].<ref name = "Adams230ff"/> Her last son, Philip, died in infancy in the year 1407.
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	File:A Chronicle of England - Page 373 - Marriage of Henry V and Katherine of France.jpg\|[[Catherine of Valois]], meeting [[Henry V of England]], shown in a 19th-century woodcut, printed by [[Edmund Evans]]		File:A Chronicle of England - Page 373 - Marriage of Henry V and Katherine of France.jpg\|[[Catherine of Valois]], meeting [[Henry V of England]], shown in a 19th-century woodcut, printed by [[Edmund Evans]]
	File:Charles VII by Jean Fouquet 1445 1450.jpg\|[[Charles VII of France]] shown in a mid-15th-century portrait by [[Jean Fouquet]]		File:Charles VII by Jean Fouquet 1445 1450.jpg\|[[Charles VII of France]] shown in a mid-15th-century portrait by [[Jean Fouquet]]
	File:Louis de Guyenne, dauphin of France.jpg\|[[Louis, ~~Dauphin of France and~~ Duke of Guyenne\|Louis, Dauphin of Viennois]]		File:Louis de Guyenne, dauphin of France.jpg\|[[Louis, Duke of Guyenne\|Louis, Dauphin of Viennois]]
	File:Charles VI of France Family.jpg\|Issue of Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria		File:Charles VI of France Family.jpg\|Issue of Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria
	</gallery>		</gallery>
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	[[Category:14th-century French nobility]]		[[Category:14th-century French nobility]]
	[[Category:15th-century French women]]		[[Category:15th-century French women]]
	~~[[Category:15th-century French people]]~~
	[[Category:15th-century French nobility]]		[[Category:15th-century French nobility]]
	[[Category:14th-century German women]]		[[Category:14th-century German women]]

Isabeau of Bavaria - Revision history

imported>Smasongarrison: Removing from Category:15th-century French people Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

imported>Letthemeatfood at 13:49, 7 May 2025