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{{Short description|Non-governmental organization for disaster relief based in Iran}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Iranian Red Crescent Society
| image = Iranian Red Crescent logo.svg
| image_border =
| size = 160px
| abbreviation = IRCS
| caption =
| motto =
| purpose = [[Humanitarian aid]]
| services = {{hlist|Relief operations|Search and rescue|Education|Research}}
| fields = {{hlist|Pharmaceutical industry|Textile manufacturing|Healthcare}}
| formation = {{start date and age|1922|df=y}}
| channel =
| type = [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
| status = Legislated by the [[Iranian Parliament]] on 28 April 1988<ref name="Iranica"/>
| founder = Amir Amir-Aʿlam<ref name="Iranica"/>
| sec_gen = Dr. Yaghob Soleymani
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Pirhossein Kolivand]]<ref>{{citation|title=UN Humanitarian head praised Iran for rescue attempts after quake|url=http://www.irna.ir/en/News/82740384|work=Islamic Republic News Agency|date=23 November 2017|access-date=24 November 2017|id=82740384}}</ref>
| headquarters = Building of Peace, 136 [[Valiasr Street|Pahlavi St.]], [[Tehran]]
| region_served = [[Iran]]
| staff = 7,000 paid employees<ref name="IRRC">{{citation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-the-red-cross/article/interview-with-ahmad-ali-noorbala/09501DF095845B333E7ADDCC80B7C451|title=Interview with Ahmad Ali Noorbala|journal=International Review of the Red Cross|publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross|volume=87|number=858|date=June 2005|pages=241–253|author1=Toni Pfanner |author2=Andreas Wigger |author3=Mostafa Mohaghegh |via=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
| staff_year = 2005
| volunteers = 2,000,000<ref>{{citation|title=Red Crescent volunteer organization with 2mn members|url=http://www.irna.ir/en/News/82632949/|work=Islamic Republic News Agency|date=15 August 2017|access-date=24 November 2017|id=82632949}}</ref>
| volunteers_year = 2017
| budget = $231.36 million<ref>{{citation|title=IRCS Slams Meager Budget Increase|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/55660/ircs-slams-meager-budget-increase|work=Financial Tribune|date=19 December 2016|access-date=24 November 2017|id=82632949|quote=The government has increased IRCS budget for renovation and procurement of relief supplies by 1,000 billion rials ($25.64 million at market exchange rate) to 5,000 billion rials ($128.2 million). IRCS’s budget for relief supplies saw a steep cut of 3,000 billion rials ($76.92 million) last year to stand at 7,000 billion rials ($179.48 million). It was again reduced to 4,000 billion rials ($102.56 million) in the current Iranian year’s budget, the Persian daily Shahrvand reported.}}</ref>
| budget_year = 2016–17
| website = {{URL|http://en.rcs.ir/}}
| formerly = [[Red Lion and Sun Society]]
}}
The '''Iranian Red Crescent Society''' ('''IRCS'''), officially the '''Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran''' ({{langx|fa|جمعیت هلال احمر جمهوری اسلامی ایران|Jamʿiyyat-e Helâl-e Ahmar-e Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân}}) is a [[non-governmental organization|non-governmental]] [[Aid agency|humanitarian organization]] in [[Iran]].<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia|title=JAMʿIYAT-E HELĀL-E AḤMAR-E IRĀN|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=21 January 2016|publisher=Bibliotheca Persica Press|location=New York City|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jamiyat-e-helal-e-ahmar|last1=Ghassemlou|first1=Farid|edition=Online}}</ref> Founded as the [[Red Lion and Sun Society]] in 1922,<ref name="IRRC"/> it became affiliated with the [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]] (IFRC) in 1924<ref>{{citation|title=IRCS among top five int'l relief bodies|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/News/58883.html|work=Iran daily|date=4 January 2015|access-date=24 November 2017|id=58883}}</ref> and changed its name and emblem in 1980, informing the international community of ''[[Hilal Ahmar]]'' adoption<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-the-red-cross/article/interview-with-ahmad-ali-noorbala/09501DF095845B333E7ADDCC80B7C451|title=Adoption of the red crescent by the Islamic Republic of Iran|journal=International Review of the Red Cross|publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross|volume=20|number=219|date=December 1980|pages=316–317|author1=H. Beer |author2=J. Moreillon |via=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/S002086040006736X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> while assuming the right to adopt the former emblem in future.<ref name="Iranica"/>

The society is one of the world's largest national societies within IFRC<ref name="IRRC"/> and is noted for its special expertise in responding to [[earthquakes]].<ref name="BJMES"/>

Since inception, the IRCS has participated in a variety of public activities. Its core activity is to perform relief and rescue operations to help victims and the injured in natural disasters and accidents. It also engages a in wide range of humanitarian services in health and rehabilitation, training and research.<ref name="IRRC"/> The society had a therapeutic approach and was regarded a major [[healthcare]] institution with thousands of hospital beds across the country until 1979, when all of its medical facilities were transferred to the [[Ministry of Health and Medical Education|Ministry of Health]].<ref name="Iranica"/>

IRCS is an example of strong national societies that play an important role domestically<ref name="BJMES">{{cite journal|title=The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Islamic Societies, with Special Reference to Jordan|journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies|volume=24|number=2|year=1997|pages=157–177|publisher=British Society for Middle Eastern Studies|author=Jonathan Benthall {{subscription required}}|jstor=195770|doi=10.1080/13530199708705644}}</ref> and is held in high esteem by the Iranian general public.<ref name="IRRC"/>

==Organization==
[[File:Red Lion and Sun Society of Iran.png|thumb|Emblem formerly used for the [[Red Lion and Sun Society]]]]

IRCS has 30 governorate headquarters, one in each [[province of Iran]], and 330 branches throughout the country, as of 2005.<ref name="IRRC"/> Based on the latest structure, it is made up of four departments: relief and rescue (''emdād wa najāt''), medical provisions (''tadārokāt-e pezeški''), volunteers (''dāvṭalabān''), and youth (''javānān'').<ref name="Iranica"/> The latter is largely made up of high school and university student members.<ref name="IRRC"/>

According to the law enacted by the [[Iranian Parliament]], the society is run by a chairman appointed by the [[President of Iran]]. This procedure is in contrast with the elective nature of a society chairman as suggested by the IFRC.<ref name="Iranica"/> The secretary general is responsible for the administrative and executive affairs.<ref name="Iranica"/>

=== Other subordinates ===
IRCS owns and runs Helal Iran Textile Industries Co., a producer of blankets and tents.<ref>{{citation|title=ICRC hails Iran Textile Industries' contributions|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/105519/ICRC-hails-Iran-Textile-Industries-contributions|work=Mehr News Agency|date=14 January 2015|access-date=24 November 2017|id=2558936}}</ref> SOHA, a manufacturer of disposable medical devices is also owned by the society,<ref>{{citation|title=ICRC, IRCS For Stronger Ties|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1391/4/8/MainPaper/4267/Page/3/MainPaper_4267_3.pdf|work=Iran daily|number=4267|page=3|date=28 June 2012|access-date=24 November 2017|id=2558936}}</ref> as well as ''Shahrvand'', a daily newspaper.<ref>{{citation|title=Harrowing Images Shock Iranand Spark Widespread Outrage|url=http://eng.majalla.com/editions/al-majalla-issue-1630-en.pdf|work=The Majalla|number=1630|page=4|date=27 January 2017|access-date=24 November 2017|author=Fairoza Ramadan Zada|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031802/http://eng.majalla.com/editions/al-majalla-issue-1630-en.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ''Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal'', an English language peer-reviewed journal on clinical and scientific medicine, is another publication of IRCS.<ref name=ircmj->{{cite journal |url=http://www.ircmj.com/index.php/IRCMJ/about |title=About the Journal |issn=2074-1804 |website=Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal |doi=10.32592/ircmj.Crossmark |access-date=1 January 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Presidents ==
Heads of the society have been:<ref name="Iranica"/>
* 1922–1949: Amir Amir-A'lam (deputy director)
** 1922–1925: [[Mohammad Hassan Mirza]] (honorary)
** 1927–1931: [[Mostowfi ol-Mamalek]] (chairman)
** 1931–1941: [[Reza Shah|Reza Pahlavi]] (symbolic)
** 1941–1949: [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]
* 1949–1979: Hossein Khatibi Nouri (managing director)
** 1949–1979: [[Shams Pahlavi]] (chairwoman)
* 1979–1980: [[Kazem Sami]]
* 1980–1981: Ali Behzadnia
* 1981–1983: [[Hassan Firouzabadi]]
* 1983–1999: [[Seifollah Vahid Dastjerdi]]
* 1999–2006: Ahmad-Ali Nourbala
* 2006–2010: Masoud Khatami
* 2010–2013: Abolhassan Faqih
* 2013–2014: [[Mohammad Farhadi]]
* 2014–2017: Amir-Mohsen Ziayi
* 2017–2019: [[Ali Asqar Peyvandi]]
* 2020–2021: Karim Hemmati
* 2021–present: [[Pirhossein Kolivand]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Iranian Red Crescent Society}}
*[http://rcs.ir/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726135051/http://rcs.ir/ |date=2019-07-26 }}
*[http://www.ircmj.com/ Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal]

{{Red_Cross_Red_Crescent_Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Red Cross and Red Crescent national societies|Iran]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in Iran]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1922]]
[[Category:Medical and health organisations based in Iran]]
[[Category:Emergency management in Iran]]
[[Category:First aid organizations]]
[[Category:Volunteer organizations]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in Iran]]

Iranian Red Crescent Society - Revision history

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