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{{Short description|Ruined castle in East Lothian, Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:Innerwick Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Innerwick Castle]]
'''Innerwick Castle''' is a ruined [[castle]] in [[East Lothian]], Scotland, near the village of [[Innerwick]], {{convert|5|mi|km}} from [[Dunbar]], on the Thornton Burn, and overlooking Thornton Glen.<ref name = TCoS>{{cite web |url = https://www.thecastlesofscotland.co.uk/the-best-castles/scenic-castles/innerwick-castle/ | title = Innerwick Castle | accessdate = 22 March 2020 | publisher = The Castles of Scotland}}</ref>

==History==
The castle, built in the 14th century on "the edge of a precipitous glen", was a stronghold of the [[House of Stewart|Stewart]]s and of the [[Clan Hamilton|Hamilton family]].

It was besieged in 1406 by [[Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany]] to expel the forces of the [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland|Earl of Northumberland]]. Several timber beams were bought for the assault, perhaps to make a siege engine or effect access.<ref>[[George Burnett (officer of arms)|George Burnett]], ''Exchequer Rolls of Scotland: 1379-1406'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1880), pp. xciv, 664.</ref>

In November 1542, the English [[Somerset Herald]], [[Thomas Trahern]] was murdered near Dunbar and his companion Henry Ray, [[Berwick Pursuivant]] found a refuge at Innerwick Castle. Sir James Hamilton of Innerwick and twenty of his servants recovered the body of the English herald and buried him at Dunbar church, and he sent a surgeon to look after the Trahern's servant or "boy".<ref>''State Papers Henry VIII'', 5:2 (London, 1836), pp. 226-7.</ref>

During the war of the [[Rough Wooing]], James Hamilton of Innerwick was captured by the English and held for ransom by [[Ralph Eure (died 1545)|Ralph Eure]]. His son, Alexander Hamilton, obtained an English prisoner [[Robert Constable (died 1558)|Robert Constable]], and hoped to arrange an exchange of prisoners in March 1545.<ref>''Letters and Papers Henry VIII'', 20:1 (London: HMSO, 1905), p. 170 no. 377.</ref> The castle, which had been extended several times, was captured and destroyed by [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset]] in September 1547.<ref>David Caldwell, Vicky Oleksy, Bess Rhodes, ''The Battle of Pinkie, 1547'' (Oxbow, 2023), p. 191.</ref> English soldiers directed by [[Peter Meutas]] managed to access the basement and set the castle on fire.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/tudortracts00polliala/page/94 William Patten, ''The Late Expedition into Scotland'' (1548), in A. E. Pollard, ''Tudor Tracts'' (London, 1903), pp. 86-9]</ref>

Both Innerwick and nearby [[Thornton Castle|Thornton]] castles were of strategic importance for guarding routes from the south.<ref name = CFB>{{cite web | url = http://www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk/lothian_borders/innerwick_castle.html | title = Innerwick Castle | accessdate = 22 March 2020 | publisher = Castles Forts Battles | archive-date = 22 March 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200322105702/http://www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk/lothian_borders/innerwick_castle.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[Mary of Guise]] mentioned the house of "Andreouyque" in a letter of 27 April 1560 concerning soldiers from [[Dunbar Castle]], when French forces were fighting the English at the [[siege of Leith]].<ref>David Potter, ''Correspondence of Michel de Seure, French Ambassador'' (London: Camden Society, 2014), p. 133.</ref>

In May 1568 [[Alexander Hamilton of Innerwick]] signed the bond made at [[Hamilton Palace|Hamilton]] to support [[Mary, Queen of Scots]],<ref>Joseph Bain, ''Calendar of State Papers Scotland'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 404 no. 650.</ref> and came "in arrayed battle" to the [[battle of Langside]], where her forces were defeated by [[Regent Moray]].<ref>[[Gordon Donaldson]], ''Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland'', vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1963), p. 60 no. 273.</ref>

In April 1584 the laird of Innerwick was commanded to surrender the castle to the crown. The keepers of [[Tantallon Castle|Tantallon]] and [[Fast Castle]] received the same instruction.<ref>David Masson, ''Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1578-1585'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1880), pp. 649, 657.</ref>

In the 1590s Alexander Hamilton, laird of Innerwick, employed the Edinburgh tailor Patrick Nimmo, who kept a record of the clothes he made for the laird, his wife Christian, (a daughter of [[Thomas Hamilton, Lord Priestfield|Thomas Hamilton of Priestfield]]), and their sons and daughters. Elspeth Hamilton had a gown of shot or changing silk "burret" with stuffed sleeves, Jean had winter gowns of woollen fabrics. His son, Alexander Hamilton of Fenton, had a purple fustian doublet and breeches with a green cloak and a Spanish felt hat in 1599.<ref>Margaret H. B. Sanderson, ''Mary Stewart's People'' (Mercat Press; Edinburgh, 1987), pp. 79, 86, 88.</ref>

[[David Calderwood]] mentions Margaret Whitelaw, Lady of Innerwick, who divorced Alexander Hamilton of Innerwick and remarried to Sir John Ker of Littledean, and died in 1627. She died in torment, and was said to have practised witchcraft and consulted with witches.<ref>David Calderwood, ''History of the Kirk'', vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1845), p. 205.</ref>

A later owner [[James Maxwell, 1st Earl of Dirletoun|James Maxwell of Innerwick]] became [[Earl of Dirletoun|Earl of Dirleton]], and the land around the castle was sold to the Nisbets in 1663.<ref name = TCoS/>

In the 17th century Innerwick Castle was in good enough repair that it was used as a base, along with [[Dirleton]] and [[Tantallon Castle|Tantallon]], by the [[Covenanter]]s to harass [[Oliver Cromwell]]’s lines of communication during the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]].<ref name = CFB/>

==Location and access==
Innerwick Castle stands within the [[Scottish feudal barony|Barony]] of Innerwick.<ref name = JGC>{{cite web | url = https://www.johngraycentre.org/places/1-places/towns-villages/innerwick-village/ | title = Innerwick (Village) | accessdate = 22 March 2020 | work = John Gray Centre | publisher = East Lothian Council}}</ref> The most recent Baron of Innerwick was Colonel Victor Charles Vereker Cowley of Crowhill (1918–2008).<ref name = Telegraph>{{cite web | url = http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/85327/cowley | title = Cowley | accessdate = 22 March 2020 | publisher = the Telegraph}}</ref> Currently, Thornton Glen is part of the Crowhill Estate and is managed by the [[Scottish Wildlife Trust]]. The glen is considered important for the presence of ferns that are rare in Scotland.<ref name = SWT>{{cite web |url = https://scottishwildlifetrust.org.uk/reserve/thornton-glen/ | title = Thornton Glen| accessdate = 22 March 2020 | publisher = Scottish Wildlife Trust}}</ref> The remains of the castle are on top of a [[cliff|crag]] which is popular with climbers.<ref name = UKC>{{cite web |url = https://www.ukclimbing.com/logbook/crag.php?id=8565 | title = Innerwick Castle | accessdate = 22 March 2020 | publisher = UK Climbing}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071103143136/http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/towns/townfirst2751.html Gazetteer for Scotland entry on Innerwick and the Castle]
*[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp;jsessionid=0C27BB64720E84810014A54A93BD697E?p_id=16956 Vision of Britain website entry for Innerwick and its castle]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=OvEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA230 Google Books:''History of the county of Ayr'' p. 230] by [[James Paterson (journalist)|James Paterson]]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=O2UPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA155 Google Books: ''Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland'' by Adam and Charles Black (Firm), p.155]

{{coord|55|57|20.21|N|2|25|33.51|W|region:GB|display=title}}

[[Category:Castles in East Lothian]]
[[Category:Castles and forts of the Rough Wooing]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in Scotland]]

Innerwick Castle - Revision history

imported>Unoquha: /* History */ ref