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{{short description|Pejorative term in literary criticism of narrative media}}
In [[literary criticism]], an '''idiot plot''' is one which is "kept in motion solely by virtue of the fact that everybody involved is an [[idiot]]",<ref name="DK">{{cite book |last=Knight |first=Damon |author-link=Damon Knight |year=1967 |title=In Search of Wonder |url=https://archive.org/details/insearchofwonder00knig |url-access=registration |location=Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Advent |isbn=978-0-911682-31-1}}</ref>{{rp|26}} and where the story would quickly end, or possibly not even happen, if this were not the case.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/eberts-guide-to-practical-filmgoing-a-glossary-of-terms-for-the-cinema-of-the-80s |title=Movie glossary: Idiot plot |date=June 23, 1985|accessdate=February 10, 2011 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|via=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> It is a narrative where its conflict comes from characters not recognizing, or not being told, key information that would resolve the [[conflict (narrative)|conflict]], often because of plot contrivance. The only thing that prevents the conflict's resolution is the character's constant avoidance or obliviousness of it throughout the plot, even if it was already obvious to the viewer, so the characters are all "idiots" in that they are too obtuse to simply resolve the conflict immediately.

== History ==
[[Science fiction]] writer and critic [[Damon Knight]], in his 1956 collection ''[[In Search of Wonder]]'', says that the term may have originated with author [[James Blish]].<ref name=DK/>{{rp|26}} Knight went on to coin the term '''second-order idiot plot''' as a narrative "in which not merely the principals, but everybody in the whole society has to be a grade-A idiot, or the story couldn't happen".<ref name=DK/>{{rp|195}} The term was later popularized by film critic [[Roger Ebert]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwanebeck |first1=Wieland |title=Comedy on Stage and Screen: An Introduction |date=26 September 2022 |publisher=Narr Francke Attempto Verlag |isbn=978-3-8233-9533-1 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxmMEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>

== Usage ==
[[File:Scene from Comedy of Errors.jpg|thumb|A scene from Shakespeare's ''[[The Comedy of Errors]]'' where Antipholus's servants refuse to open the door to his own home. They believe him to already be inside, having previously welcomed his twin into the house. Unable to resolve this misunderstanding, Antipholus leaves. Roger Ebert argues that most stories of mistaken identity have elements of the idiot plot.]]
Critic Roger Ebert wrote in 2005: "I can forgive and even embrace an Idiot Plot in its proper place (consider [[Fred Astaire|Astaire]] and [[Ginger Rogers|Rogers]] in ''[[Top Hat]]''). But when the characters have depth and their decisions have consequences, I grow restless when their misunderstandings could be ended by words that the screenplay refuses to allow them to utter."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ebert |first=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20051027%2FREVIEWS%2F510270305 |title=Prime |accessdate=10 February 2011 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |archive-date=11 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011224957/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20051027%2FREVIEWS%2F510270305 |url-status=dead |via=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> In his 1987 review of comedy ''[[The Secret of My Success (1987 film)|The Secret of My Success]]'', Ebert argues that most storylines about [[mistaken identity]] rely heavily on being an idiot plot.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=The Secret of My Success movie review (1987) {{!}} Roger Ebert |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-secret-of-my-success-1987 |website=www.rogerebert.com |access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>

Writing in 2013, author [[David Brin]] explored one variation of the idiot plot. In most adventure films and novels, the writers and directors have an imperative to keep their protagonists in jeopardy. This becomes difficult if they are surrounded by skilled professionals, paid to intervene and help if called. Hence, storytellers feel compelled to separate their characters from meaningful help, so that any assistance they receive is either late or else below the level of danger offered by the antagonists. The more powerful the villains, the more competent that help is allowed to be. "But for the most part, institutions and your neighbors are portrayed as sheep, so that only the hero's actions truly matter."<ref>{{cite web |last=Brin |first=David |author-link=David Brin |url=http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2013/01/david-brin-our-favorite-cliche-a-world-filled-with-idiots-orwhy-films-and-novels-routinely-depict-society-and-its-citizens-as-fools/ |title=Our Favorite Cliché — A World Filled With Idiots…, or, Why Films and Novels Routinely Depict Society and its Citizens as Fools |publisher=Locusmag.com |date=20 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125010752/http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2013/01/david-brin-our-favorite-cliche-a-world-filled-with-idiots-orwhy-films-and-novels-routinely-depict-society-and-its-citizens-as-fools/ |archive-date=25 January 2013 |accessdate=24 April 2020 }}</ref>

Alternate formulations describe only the [[protagonist]] as being an idiot.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

== Examples ==
* [[Roger Ebert]] described the 1935 film ''[[Top Hat]]'' as an idiot plot, depending as it does on "a misunderstanding that is all but impossible", relying on the fact that [[Ginger Rogers]]' character has somehow never met her best friend's husband, and is able to mistake a complete stranger (played by [[Fred Astaire]]) for him, and for that misunderstanding to continue without being questioned. Ebert noted that the situation "could be cleared up at any moment by one line of sensible dialogue", yet the writers deliberately avoid doing so to keep the plot in motion.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert|title=Those charms about you... |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-top-hat-1935 |website=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=October 23, 2005|access-date=April 16, 2021 |language=en|via=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref>
* Ebert also said that the 2010 [[romcom]] ''[[The Back-Up Plan]]'' has an idiot plot, citing the two main characters' repeated romantic breakups after "one or the other idiotically misunderstands dialogue that is crystal clear for everyone in the audience."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-back-up-plan-2001|last=Ebert|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Ebert|title=The Back-up Plan|website=[[RogerEbert.com]]|date=April 21, 2010|access-date=April 6, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429190441/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-back-up-plan-2001|archive-date=April 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Writer Dennis Russell Bailey commented about the ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' episode "[[Samaritan Snare]]" that "none of the plot could have happened if all of the characters hadn't suddenly became morons that week", ignoring the advice of expert officers and disregarding elementary security procedures.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Edward|last1=Gross|first2=Mark A.|last2=Altman|title=Captains' Logs: The Unauthorized Complete Trek Voyages|publisher=[[Little Brown & Co]]|location=Boston, Massachusetts|date=1995|isbn=978-0316329576}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Plot hole]]
* [[Farce]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Narratology]]
[[Category:20th-century neologisms]]
[[Category:Narrative techniques]]

Idiot plot - Revision history

imported>Carguychris: /* Examples */ Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey uncited