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{{short description|Educational programme}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2020}}
{{International Baccalaureate}}
The '''International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme''' ('''MYP''') is an educational programme for students between the ages of 11 and 16 around the world as part of the [[International Baccalaureate]] (IB) continuum. The Middle Years Programme is intended to prepare students for the two-year [[IB Diploma Programme]].<ref>{{citation|title=The Lasso in the News-Press: Middle Years Program & Flipped Classrooms|date=18 February 2015|first=Nhari|last=Djan|newspaper=Falls Church News-Press|url=https://fcnp.com/2015/02/18/lasso-news-press-middle-years-program-flipped-classrooms/|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=6 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806194532/https://fcnp.com/2015/02/18/lasso-news-press-middle-years-program-flipped-classrooms/|url-status=live}}</ref>

It is used by many schools internationally, and has been available since 1994. It was updated in 2014 and called MYP: New Chapter.<ref name="Sturdy">{{cite web |last1=Sturdy |first1=Daniel |title=We're a UK school teaching the IB's MYP – here's why |url=https://www.tes.com/news/gcse-alevel-ib-myp-uk-schools-benefits-learners |website=Tes |access-date=26 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In the Middle Years Programme students are required to receive instruction in all eight subject groups: Language Acquisition, Language and Literature, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, Physical and Health Education, and Design.

==Overview==
{{anchor|New chapter}}

In 2014, the International Baccalaureate Organisation introduced a new more flexible programme for the middle years, which was then called the '''MYP: Next Chapter''', though by 2019, it had transitioned into MYP.<ref name="Claremont 2017">{{cite web |last1=Azzem |first1=Tarek |title=MYP New Chapter Evaluation Report 2017 |url=https://ibo.org/globalassets/publications/ib-research/myp/myp-evaluation-report-2017-en.pdf |publisher=Claremont Graduate University |access-date=26 December 2020 |date=2017 |archive-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419213443/https://ibo.org/globalassets/publications/ib-research/myp/myp-evaluation-report-2017-en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The IB MYP does not specifically prescribe a curriculum in most subjects in order to enable the embedding of local curriculum in the framework. The full strategy involves approaches to learning strategy, concept-driven teaching and the global context strategy, and school organisation with collective planning, vertical structuring and cooperation with the community.<ref name="Claremont 2017" />

{{anchor|Participation}}

To officially participate in an official IB Middle Years Programme, students must attend an authorised IB World School.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/ibna/parents_students/generalfaq.cfm#f|work=ibo.org|title=General FAQ|access-date=2009-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904131549/http://www.ibo.org/ibna/parents_students/generalfaq.cfm#f|archive-date=2009-09-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the U.S., the MYP is often taught throughout middle school and the first two years of high school. Typically, middle schools and high schools work in coordination with each other.<ref name="FCNP2016">{{citation|title=F.C.'s 4 Principals Share Passion For IB Program With School Board|date=10 May 2016|first=Nicholas F.|last=Benton|newspaper=Falls Church News-Press|url=https://fcnp.com/2016/05/10/f-c-s-4-principals-share-passion-for-ib-program-with-school-board/|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=6 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806181418/https://fcnp.com/2016/05/10/f-c-s-4-principals-share-passion-for-ib-program-with-school-board/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A student receives at least 50 hours of instruction per year in each of eight subject groups each year though certain flexibility is permitted to reduce this to six during the final two years. The full programme lasts five years although shorter programmes of two, three, or four years, could be negotiated in 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title = Middle Years Programme |url = http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/ |website = International Baccalaureate |access-date = 8 January 2016 |archive-date = 5 January 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160105121002/http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme |url-status = live }}</ref>

===Learner profile===
At the centre of the MYP is the '''IB Learner Profile''', which defines the type of students all the IB programmes ([[Primary Years Programme]] (PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP), and [[Diploma Programme]] (DP) are intended to develop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/publications/recognition/myprecognitionbrochurerevdec2013.pdf|title=The Middle Years Programme|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=10 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210133358/https://www.ibo.org/globalassets/publications/recognition/myprecognitionbrochurerevdec2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are:

:*Caring
:*Balanced
:*Open-minded
:*Knowledgeable
:*Communicators
:*Risk-takers
:*Principled
:*Reflective
:*Inquirers
:*Thinkers

===Global Contexts===
There are six '''Global Contexts''' (GCs) which are applied to every unit of every course the student takes. They are designed to help students recognise the connection between what they learn in the classroom and the world around them, to tie the various subject areas together, and eventually to help students "see knowledge as an interrelated, coherent whole."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/curriculum/|work=ibo.org|title=IB MYP curriculum|access-date=2017-01-25|archive-date=2017-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109030742/http://ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/curriculum/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Global Contexts should be linked to every topic taught in class and every assessment they set.

The Global Contexts are:

# identities and relationships
# personal and cultural expression
# orientation in space and time
# scientific and technical innovation
# fairness and development
# globalisation and sustainability

===Community service===
A core part of IB MYP is [[community service]], also known as Service as Action (SaA). The community and service area requires students to study and perform community studies and service throughout the programme.

For example, in the United States, some schools and districts, like the [[Upper St. Clair School District]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uscsd.k12.pa.us/page/239|title=International Baccalaureate / MYP Community Service|website=www.uscsd.k12.pa.us|language=en|access-date=2018-09-20|archive-date=2018-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920195606/https://www.uscsd.k12.pa.us/page/239|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Montgomery County Public Schools (Maryland)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/bcchs/academics/middleyears/comservice.aspx|title=Community and Service|website=www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-20|archive-date=2018-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920195755/https://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/bcchs/academics/middleyears/comservice.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> either require or highly encourage a set number of hours of community service to be completed by each student, while schools like [[Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://schools.cms.k12.nc.us/piedmontMS/Pages/Default.aspx|title=Piedmont Open IB Middle School|website=schools.cms.k12.nc.us|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-20|archive-date=2018-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920195915/http://schools.cms.k12.nc.us/piedmontMS/Pages/Default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Round Rock Independent School District]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grisham.roundrockisd.org/8th-grade-community-project/|title=8th Grade Community Project {{!}} Grisham Middle School|website=grisham.roundrockisd.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-20}}</ref> require students to complete the "Community Project" for students to complete the programme during Year 3 or 4.

===Personal Project===
The "Personal Project" is a culmination of student learning, and is a year-long project completed in the final year of the MYP. Just as with the [[extended essay]] in the [[IB Diploma Programme]], students are required to choose an academic or non-academic topic subject for their project that is persona to them. Students are required to keep a journal while working on the process, and schedule regular meetings with an MYP teacher who will serve as their supervisor for the project throughout the year. While students should aim to complete a product for their project, this is not assessed. Instead, students must write a 15-page final report that makes up the final grade, which focuses on planning the project, applying approaches to learning skills (ATL skills), and reflecting. If candidates are aiming to achieve the MYP certificate, they must achieve at least 3 out of 7 for their Personal Project report.

==Curricular framework==
The programme is based on the '''six global contexts'''. They are not generally taught as separate courses, but rather as themes that are reflected in all eight subject groups.

In addition to these eight subject groups, in MYP year 5, students complete the long-term project (the personal project) on a topic of their choice, with teacher supervision (which is graded on separate criteria). Students in MYP year 3-4 complete the community project.

===Subject groups===
The subjects taught in the MYP are divided into eight subject groups.<ref name="ibo">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/myp/curriculum/|title=MYP curriculum {{pipe}} International Baccalaureate - International Baccalaureate |publisher=ibo.org |access-date=2016-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208233641/http://www.ibo.org/myp/curriculum/|archive-date=2014-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>
:{|class= "wikitable
!Name in 2020
! (before 2014)
|-
|Language and Literature
|Language A
|-
|Language Acquisition
|Language B
|-
|Integrated Humanities (Individuals and Societies)
|Humanities
|-
|Sciences
|Sciences
|-
|Mathematics
|Mathematics
|-
|Arts
|Arts
|-
|Physical and Health Education
|Physical Education
|-
|Design
|Technology
|}

Schools can choose the subjects they teach within each subject group and how many. However, each subject group must receive a minimum of 50 hours of curriculum time each academic year. In years 4 and 5, schools can request to only require students to receive 50 hours of instruction in six of the eight subject groups.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Curriculum | url = http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/curriculum/|website = International Baccalaureate | access-date = 2016-01-08}}</ref>

A student could take another "Language and Literature" course if they have sufficient proficiency in both (In MYP years 4&5 this could replace the Language Acquisition course). Schools are given much flexibility to allow them to introduce subjects they consider important and organize their own student [[Educational assessment|assessment]] and reporting procedures.

However, the MYP gives clear assessment criteria for each subject group. The criteria progressively get harder with the first year of MYP using the MYP 1 criteria set, then the second and third year using the MYP 3 criteria set and finally the last two years using the MYP 5 criteria set. Each year, MYP students should participate in one interdisciplinary activity that combines at least two of the subject groups; there is a separate criteria set for interdisciplinary learning, titled "evaluating", "synthesising" and "reflecting".

=== IB MYP Certificate (Optional)===
The MYP Certificate is the formal internationally recognised award related to the MYP. The MYP eAssessments are the form of the optional external moderation introduced in 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Assessment from 2016 | url = http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/|website = International Baccalaureate | access-date = 2020-12-21 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925034856/http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/ |archive-date= Sep 25, 2020 }}</ref> To receive the MYP Certificate, each candidate must complete at least one eAssessment in each of these areas:
* Language and literature
* Individuals and societies
* Sciences
* Mathematics
* Interdisciplinary learning
* Language acquisition (or second Language and literature)
* Physical and health education, Arts, or Design
* The MYP Personal project
Within each area, the subject with the highest score, on the scale of 1 to 7 is counted, the results will be tallied to create a total out of 56. The pass mark is 28 and the candidate must meet the Service and Actions requirements set by the school.<ref name="ibo2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/grading-and-awards/|title=Grading and awards - International Baccalaureate|publisher=ibo.org|access-date=2016-07-27|archive-date=2016-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801114757/http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/grading-and-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class= "wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! colspan="4" |IB MYP Certificate eAssessment in 2016
|-
!'''How it will be marked'''
!Type of Assessment
! '''Group'''
!'''Offering'''
|-
| rowspan="17" |Individually, externally marked
| rowspan="17" |On Screen Examination Subjects
| rowspan="7" |Language and Literature
|Arabic
|-
|Chinese
|-
|Dutch
|-
|English
|-
|French
|-
|German
|-
|Spanish
|-
| rowspan="3" |Individuals and Societies
|Geography*
|-
|History
|-
|Integrated Humanities*
|-
| rowspan="4" |Sciences
|Biology*
|-
|Chemistry*
|-
|Physics*
|-
|Integrated Sciences
|-
| rowspan="2" |Mathematics
|Mathematics
|-
|Extended Mathematics*
|-
|Interdisciplinary
|Interdisciplinary learning**
|-
| rowspan="29" |Internally marked, externally moderated with Dynamic sampling
| rowspan="20" |Course Work ePortfolio
| rowspan="9" |Language Acquisition (a 1:1 oral exam sent for external moderation)
|Arabic
|-
|Chinese (Mandarin)
|-
|Dutch
|-
|English
|-
|French
|-
|German
|-
|Hindi
|-
|
|-
|Spanish
|-
| rowspan="7" |Arts<ref>{{Cite web|title = Arts | url = http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/curriculum/arts/|website = International Baccalaureate | access-date = 2015-12-16}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.globaljaya.net/secondary/MYP/Information%20about%20the%20MYP/MYP%20Next%20Chapter/PIP%20and%20other%20support/April%20E%20assessment%20report.pdf |title=eAssessment development report (April 2014) |publisher=Middle Years Programme |via=Global Jaya School |access-date=2015-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161246/http://www.globaljaya.net/secondary/MYP/Information%20about%20the%20MYP/MYP%20Next%20Chapter/PIP%20and%20other%20support/April%20E%20assessment%20report.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Visual art
|-
|Media arts
|-
|
|-
|Theatre
|-
|Music
|-
|Dance
|-
|
|-
|Physical and Health Education
| -
|-
| rowspan="3" |Design<ref name=":1" />
| -
|-
|
|-
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |MYP Personal Project
| rowspan="9" |N/A
|Moderation in Arabic
|-
|Moderation in Chinese (Mandarin)
|-
|Moderation in English
|-
|Moderation in French
|-
|Moderation in Japanese
|-
|Moderation in Russian
|-
|Moderation in Spanish
|-
|Moderation in Swedish
|-
|Moderation in Turkish
|-
|colspan=4|
|-
|colspan=4|
|-
|colspan=4|
|}

===Assessment criteria===
Each subject group uses four criteria to mark a student's ability in the subject. At the end of the year, teachers give a final score, out of eight, on each criterion based on the student's performance throughout the whole year.
:{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |MYP: Next chapter grade boundaries
|-
!Total Criteria Levels
!Grade
|-
|0-5
|1
|-
|6-9
|2
|-
|10-14
|3
|-
|15-18
|4
|-
|19-23
|5
|-
|24-27
|6
|-
|28-32
|7
|}
The scores of the four criteria are added up and converted to a grade out of seven. This grade is meant to demonstrate the student's overall ability in the subject, with 1 being the highest achievement and 7 the lowest achievement.

{{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:lightgray; text-align: center;|title=MYP: Next Chapter Criteria for Each Subject Group}}
'''Language and Literature<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-literature_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Language and literature|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013131903/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-literature_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Analyzing
* B: Organizing
* C: Producing Text
* D: Using Language
'''Language Acquisition<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-acquisition_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Language Acquisition|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111123/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-acquisition_2015.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>'''
* A: Listening
* B: Reading
* C: Speaking
* D: Writing
'''Individuals and Societies<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_individuals-societies_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Societies|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128042958/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_individuals-societies_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Knowing and Understanding
* B: Investigating
* C: Communicating
* D: Thinking Critically
'''Sciences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_sciences_-2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Sciences|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013094745/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_sciences_-2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Knowing and Understanding
* B: Inquiring and Designing
* C: Processing and Evaluating
* D: Reflecting on the Impacts of Science
'''Mathematics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_mathematics_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Mathematics|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219001309/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_mathematics_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Knowing and Understanding
* B: Investigating Patterns
* C: Communicating
* D: Applying Mathematics in Real-Life Contexts
'''The Arts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_arts_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Arts|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128040316/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_arts_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Investigating
* B: Developing
* C: Creating/Performing
* D: Evaluating
'''Physical and Health Education<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_phys-health-ed_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Physical Health Education|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921030656/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_phys-health-ed_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Knowing and Understanding
* B: Planning for Performance
* C: Applying and Performing
* D: Reflecting and Improving Performance
'''Design <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_design_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Design|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118084340/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_design_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Inquiring and Analysing
* B: Developing Ideas
* C: Creating the Solution
* D: Evaluating
'''Interdisciplinary learning<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief-interdisciplinary-learning-2015-en.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Interdisciplinary Learning|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921030836/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief-interdisciplinary-learning-2015-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Evaluating
* B: Synthesising
* C: Reflecting
'''Personal Project<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_personal-project_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Personal Project|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111127/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_personal-project_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''
* A: Planning
* B: Applying Skills
* C: Reflecting{{hidden end}}

==History and development of the IB Middle Years Programme==
The Middle Years Program was developed significantly later than the [[IB Diploma Programme|Diploma Programme]], and in parallel to and independently of what would become the [[IB Primary Years Programme|Primary Years Programme]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bunnell|first=Tristan|date=2011-12-01|title=The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme after 30 years: A critical inquiry|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240911423604|journal=Journal of Research in International Education|language=en|volume=10|issue=3|pages=261–274|doi=10.1177/1475240911423604|s2cid=145667093|issn=1475-2409|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="presentation">{{Cite web|date=2017|title=The history of the IB |url=https://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-toolkit/presentations/1711-presentation-history-of-the-ib-en.pdf|website=International Baccalaureate Organization |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419225751/https://ibo.org/globalassets/digital-toolkit/presentations/1711-presentation-history-of-the-ib-en.pdf |archive-date= Apr 19, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barnes|first=David|date=1998|title=And Then There Were Three...IB Programmes, That Is...|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ575274|journal=International Schools Journal|language=en|volume=18|issue=1|pages=44–47|issn=0264-7281|access-date=2022-01-19|archive-date=2022-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119053111/https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ575274|url-status=live}}</ref> The Middle Years Programme's "birthplace" is considered to be the International School Moshi, in [[Tanzania]], today known as the [[United World College East Africa]], which had been the first school to introduce the IB diploma to the African continent.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hayden|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4oI7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT183|title=Perspectives on Assessment and Evaluation in International Schools|date=2018-07-30|publisher=John Catt Educational|isbn=978-1-911382-66-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lope|first=Marjorie D.|date=2014|title=Perceptions of global mindedness in the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme: The relationship to student academic performance and teacher characteristics|url=https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/16270/Lope_umd_0117E_15769.pdf|journal=Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park|access-date=2022-01-19|archive-date=2022-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117045034/https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/16270/Lope_umd_0117E_15769.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 1970s the school identified a pedagogical disconnect stemming from teaching the British [[GCE Ordinary Level|O-levels]] curriculum to students aged 12–15, and then the International Baccalaureate Diploma for students 15–18. The headmaster at the time, Lister Hannah, led discussions on the potential of developing a new three year pre-IB curriculum at the ''Association of International Schools in Africa'' conference in Nairobi in October 1978. Hannah, together with the heads of the [[International School of Lusaka]], Zambia, and the [[International School of Tanganyika]] in [[Dar es Salaam]], Tanzania, engaged in discussions with the [[International Baccalaureate|International Baccalaureate Organization]] and the ''International Schools Association (ISA)'' about establishing a new pre-IB programme. In 1980, the school hosted a conference of the ''International Schools Association (ISA)'' in Moshi, titled 'The Needs of the Child in the Middle Years of Schooling (ages 12–15)'.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bunnell|first=Tristan|date=2011-11-29|title=Book review: The Changing Face of International Education: Challenges for the IB|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1475240911421263|journal=Journal of Research in International Education|volume=10|issue=3|pages=306–308|doi=10.1177/1475240911421263|s2cid=147238045|issn=1475-2409|access-date=2022-01-19|archive-date=2022-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010330/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1475240911421263|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This conference recommended the development of a course to meet the needs of students aged 12–15 years, with a focus on six key 'needs', which were described as ''Global'', ''Intellectual'', ''Personal'', ''Physical'', ''Creative'', and ''Social''.<ref name="presentation"/>

Further workshops and conferences ([[Lusaka]] in 1981, [[New York City]] in 1981, [[Lotte, Germany|Wersen]] in 1981, [[London]] in 1982, and [[Cyprus]] in 1983) brought additional schools into the conversation, including the [[International School of Geneva|International School of Geneva (Ecolint)]], the [[United Nations International School|United Nations International School (UNIS)]] in New York City, and the [[Vienna International School]], and established a framework for what would become the ISA curriculum (ISAC), and later the Middle Years Programme. It was during this time that Gérard Renaud, previously a teacher at Ecolint and then Director General of the IB,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gérard Renaud|url=https://www.ibo.org/about-the-ib/governance-and-leadership/director-general/past-directors-general/gerard-renaud/|access-date=2022-01-19|website=International Baccalaureate®|language=en}}</ref> and Robert Belle-Isle, who was the director at UNIS and had previously been the superintendent of the Chambly school district in [[Quebec]], became involved in the initiative.

From 1983 to 1990 the discussions crystallized into a four-year curriculum for students aged 12–15, rather than a purely pre-IB course. At the 1987 ISA annual conference in Svendborg, it was decided to pilot the newly designed curriculum. Three schools took part in the initial pilot: the [[Macdonald Cartier High School|MacDonald Cartier High School]] in Quebec, Canada (in Belle-Isle's former school district of Chambly); [[Het Rijnlands Lyceum Oegstgeest|Het Rijnlands Lyceum]] in the Netherlands; and St Catherine's School in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The [[Vienna International School]] joined soon after, and other school boards in Quebec became interested in the program at MacDonald Cartier, and around 20 schools soon began implementing the experimental program.

The ISAC programme was taken over by the International Baccalaureate Organization in the early 1990s, officially becoming the IB Middle Years Programme in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2010|title= History of the Middle Years Programme|url=https://balimyp.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/history-of-the-myp.pdf|website=International Baccalaureate Organization |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230312034905/https://balimyp.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/history-of-the-myp.pdf |archive-date= Mar 12, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Peterson|first=A. D. C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTUjMNjNo3EC&pg=PA241|title=Schools Across Frontiers|date=2003|publisher=Open Court|isbn=0-8126-9505-4|edition=2|location=Chicago, Ill.|pages=241–244|oclc=48837050}}</ref>

==Discussion==

===Evidence of benefit===
The ''Chicago Tribune'' reported that in 1998 in that city's [[Beverly, Chicago|Beverly]] area, only 67 students in the 8th grade chose to attend a local public high school offering an IB curriculum. When a cluster of Beverly schools introduced the IB Middle Years Programme in the 1999–2000 school year, the number of 8th graders who chose to attend the local high school then increased to about 150. One student was quoted, "I had really good teachers in the IB."<ref>{{cite web | last = Olszewski | first = Lori | title = World Class Education in Middle Schools Too | publisher = Chicago Tribune | date = June 25, 2002 | url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/2002/06/25/world-class-education-in-middle-schools-too/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302220856/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-06-25/news/0206250296_1_middle-schools-middle-years-program-ib |archive-date= Mar 2, 2017 }}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.prepscholar.com/international-baccalaureate-schools-in-us-complete-list|title=Complete List of IB Schools in the USA, by State|last=Seigel|first=Dora|website=Online SAT / ACT Prep Blog by PrepScholar|language=en-us|access-date=2019-04-30|archive-date=2019-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430170007/https://blog.prepscholar.com/international-baccalaureate-schools-in-us-complete-list|url-status=live}}</ref>

==External links==
* [https://www.fcusd.org/cms/lib03/CA01001934/Centricity/Domain/2663/From%20Principles%20into%20Practice.pdf Middle Years Programme, "MYP: From principles into practice" (May 2014)]. Full description of the MYP on the cusp of introduction of MYP:Next Chapter.
* [http://www.ibo.org/myp The Middle Years Programme] Official website

[[Category:International Baccalaureate]]

IB Middle Years Programme - Revision history

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