imported>Bender the Bot: /* top */ HTTP to HTTPS for Brown University

2025-08-20T08:19:42Z

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	[[Image:HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Hypertext Editing System (HES) [[IBM 2250]] display console, with [[lightpen]]  – Chris Braun, Brown University, 1969]]		[[Image:HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Hypertext Editing System (HES) [[IBM 2250]] display console, with [[lightpen]]  – Chris Braun, Brown University, 1969]]
	The '''Hypertext Editing System''', or '''HES''', was an early [[hypertext]] research project conducted at [[Brown University]] in 1967 by [[Andries van Dam]], [[Ted Nelson]], and several Brown students.<ref name="hypertext50">Brown University Department of Computer Science. (23 May 2019). [~~http~~://cs.brown.edu/events/halfcenturyofhypertext/ A Half-Century of Hypertext at Brown] </ref> It was the first hypertext system available on commercial equipment that novices could use.<ref>Barnet, Belinda. (2010). [http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/4/1/000081/000081.html Crafting the User-Centered Document Interface: The Hypertext Editing System (HES) and the File Retrieval and Editing System (FRESS)]. Digital Humanities Quarterly, Vol 4 No 1.</ref>		The '''Hypertext Editing System''', or '''HES''', was an early [[hypertext]] research project conducted at [[Brown University]] in 1967 by [[Andries van Dam]], [[Ted Nelson]], and several Brown students.<ref name="hypertext50">Brown University Department of Computer Science. (23 May 2019). [https://cs.brown.edu/events/halfcenturyofhypertext/ A Half-Century of Hypertext at Brown] </ref> It was the first hypertext system available on commercial equipment that novices could use.<ref>Barnet, Belinda. (2010). [http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/4/1/000081/000081.html Crafting the User-Centered Document Interface: The Hypertext Editing System (HES) and the File Retrieval and Editing System (FRESS)]. Digital Humanities Quarterly, Vol 4 No 1.</ref>

	HES organized data into two main types: links and branching text. The branching text could automatically be arranged into menus, and a point within a given area could also have an assigned name, called a label, and be accessed later by that name from the screen. Although HES pioneered many modern hypertext concepts, its emphasis was on text formatting and printing.		HES organized data into two main types: links and branching text. The branching text could automatically be arranged into menus, and a point within a given area could also have an assigned name, called a label, and be accessed later by that name from the screen. Although HES pioneered many modern hypertext concepts, its emphasis was on text formatting and printing.

	HES required an [[IBM 2250]] display console and a large memory partition on Brown's [[IBM System/360 Model 50]] campus [[mainframe computer]] which limited its use: "Although it was shared with others, it was a multi-million-dollar piece of technology housed in a large machine room that van Dam’s team was able to use as essentially a personal computer between midnight and 4 AM."<ref name="hypertext50" /> The program was used by [[NASA]]'s Houston Manned Spacecraft Center for documentation on the [[Apollo program\|Apollo]] space program.<ref>van Dam, Andries. (1988, July). [~~http~~://www.cs.brown.edu/memex/HT_87_Keynote_Address.html Hypertext '87 keynote address]. ''[[Communications of the ACM]]'', 31, 887–895.</ref> The project's research was funded by [[IBM]] but the program was stopped around 1969, and replaced by the [[File Retrieval and Editing System\|FRESS]] (File Retrieval and Editing System) project.		HES required an [[IBM 2250]] display console and a large memory partition on Brown's [[IBM System/360 Model 50]] campus [[mainframe computer]] which limited its use: "Although it was shared with others, it was a multi-million-dollar piece of technology housed in a large machine room that van Dam’s team was able to use as essentially a personal computer between midnight and 4 AM."<ref name="hypertext50" /> The program was used by [[NASA]]'s Houston Manned Spacecraft Center for documentation on the [[Apollo program\|Apollo]] space program.<ref>van Dam, Andries. (1988, July). [https://www.cs.brown.edu/memex/HT_87_Keynote_Address.html Hypertext '87 keynote address]. ''[[Communications of the ACM]]'', 31, 887–895.</ref> The project's research was funded by [[IBM]] but the program was stopped around 1969, and replaced by the [[File Retrieval and Editing System\|FRESS]] (File Retrieval and Editing System) project.

	Ted Nelson claims credit for inventing the “back” button (“undo”) with regard to hypertext, as the Hypertext Editing System was the first system that contained one.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Memory machines : the evolution of hypertext\|last=Barnet, Belinda\|isbn=9780857280794\|location=London\|pages=104\|oclc=855019922\|date = 2013-07-15}}</ref>		Ted Nelson claims credit for inventing the “back” button (“undo”) with regard to hypertext, as the Hypertext Editing System was the first system that contained one.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Memory machines : the evolution of hypertext\|last=Barnet, Belinda\|isbn=9780857280794\|location=London\|pages=104\|oclc=855019922\|date = 2013-07-15}}</ref>

imported>Paul C. Anagnostopoulos: Clarify that the back button is undo. Add a reference to the FRESS system.

2024-12-22T21:26:09Z

Clarify that the back button is undo. Add a reference to the FRESS system.

New page

{{About|computer technology|other uses|HES (disambiguation)}}

[[Image:HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg|thumb|right|Hypertext Editing System (HES) [[IBM 2250]] display console, with [[lightpen]]  – Chris Braun, Brown University, 1969]]
The '''Hypertext Editing System''', or '''HES''', was an early [[hypertext]] research project conducted at [[Brown University]] in 1967 by [[Andries van Dam]], [[Ted Nelson]], and several Brown students.<ref name="hypertext50">Brown University Department of Computer Science. (23 May 2019). [http://cs.brown.edu/events/halfcenturyofhypertext/ A Half-Century of Hypertext at Brown] </ref> It was the first hypertext system available on commercial equipment that novices could use.<ref>Barnet, Belinda. (2010). [http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/4/1/000081/000081.html Crafting the User-Centered Document Interface: The Hypertext Editing System (HES) and the File Retrieval and Editing System (FRESS)]. Digital Humanities Quarterly, Vol 4 No 1.</ref>

HES organized data into two main types: links and branching text. The branching text could automatically be arranged into menus, and a point within a given area could also have an assigned name, called a label, and be accessed later by that name from the screen. Although HES pioneered many modern hypertext concepts, its emphasis was on text formatting and printing.

HES required an [[IBM 2250]] display console and a large memory partition on Brown's [[IBM System/360 Model 50]] campus [[mainframe computer]] which limited its use: "Although it was shared with others, it was a multi-million-dollar piece of technology housed in a large machine room that van Dam’s team was able to use as essentially a personal computer between midnight and 4 AM."<ref name="hypertext50" /> The program was used by [[NASA]]'s Houston Manned Spacecraft Center for documentation on the [[Apollo program|Apollo]] space program.<ref>van Dam, Andries. (1988, July). [http://www.cs.brown.edu/memex/HT_87_Keynote_Address.html Hypertext '87 keynote address]. ''[[Communications of the ACM]]'', 31, 887–895.</ref> The project's research was funded by [[IBM]] but the program was stopped around 1969, and replaced by the [[File Retrieval and Editing System|FRESS]] (File Retrieval and Editing System) project.

Ted Nelson claims credit for inventing the “back” button (“undo”) with regard to hypertext, as the Hypertext Editing System was the first system that contained one.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Memory machines : the evolution of hypertext|last=Barnet, Belinda|isbn=9780857280794|location=London|pages=104|oclc=855019922|date = 2013-07-15}}</ref>

The HES editor was followed by another editing system called the [[File Retrieval and Editing System]] (FRESS).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{hypermedia}}

[[Category:Hypertext]]
[[Category:Brown University]]
[[Category:History of human–computer interaction]]

Hypertext Editing System - Revision history

imported>Bender the Bot: /* top */ HTTP to HTTPS for Brown University

imported>Paul C. Anagnostopoulos: Clarify that the back button is undo. Add a reference to the FRESS system.