imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Alemannic rulers to :Category:Alemannic monarchs per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 June 5#Category:Alemannic rulers

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Moving Category:Alemannic rulers to Category:Alemannic monarchs per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 June 5#Category:Alemannic rulers

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{{otheruses}}
'''Humfrid'''<ref>His name has many variant spellings: ''Hunfrid'', ''Humsfrid'', ''Humfried'', ''Unifred'', ''Unifredo'', or ''Hunifredo''; in modern French, ''Onfroi'' or ''Onfroy''; and in modern English, ''Humphrey''</ref> was the [[count of Barcelona]], [[Count of Girona|Girona]], [[Count of Empúries|Empúries]], [[Count of Roussillon|Roussillon]], and [[Viscount of Narbonne|Narbonne]] from 858 to 864. He also bore the title [[margrave of Gothia]] (''Gothiæ marchio''), as he held several frontier counties.<ref>The source for his famous title is the ''[[Annales Bertiniani]]''.</ref>

He was a [[Hunfriding]] by birth, with no connection to [[Septimania|Gothia]]. He was probably Hunfrid III, the second son of [[Hunfrid, Duke of Rhaetia|Hunfrid II]], ''dux super Redicam'' (duke over Rhaetia). He rebelled against [[Louis the German]], the [[king of East Francia]], and was forced to flee to [[Charles the Bald]], the king of [[West Francia]], to whom he was one of the few to remain loyal during the vicissitudes of the 850s. He was appointed count and margrave of several counties in the ''[[Marca Hispanica]]'' by Charles, possibly as early as 854 and no later than 858.

In 858, Humfrid negotiated a treaty of peace with Abd al-Rahman, the [[Moorish]] governor of [[Zaragoza]], and marched into Gaul to the assistance of Charles. He arrived at [[Beaune]] in February and he did homage to the king on 21 March. He then joined Charles in making war on the [[Norsemen]]. Louis took this as an opportunity to invade the country and Humfrid assisted Charles in fending him off. In September, Humfrid regrouped with his forces at Beaune before joining in the [[Battle of St. Quentin (859)|defeat of Louis]] at [[Saint-Quentin, Aisne|Saint-Quentin]] on 15 January 859.

During the campaigning of 858, Humfrid had been enfeoffed with the [[County of Autun]] and [[Duke of Burgundy|Margraviate of Burgundy]].

In 856, the [[Moors]] captured the castle of [[Terrassa]] near [[Barcelona]]. In 861, they besieged Barcelona itself, but Humfrid bought them off and renewed the treaty with the consent of Charles. It was to last for three decades.

In 862, Charles named his son [[Charles the Child]] as [[king of Aquitaine]]. This was opposed by the nobles, who, with the exception of Humfrid, did not support the young Charles in his subsequent rebellion. The elder Charles accused Humfrid of disloyalty. On 19 August, Humfrid was deposed. He was not to give up, though. He took [[Toulouse]] and killed [[Raymond I of Toulouse|Count Raymond I]] in the fighting. Charles responded by confiscating Humfrid's Burgundian lands. Even the pretender [[Pepin II of Aquitaine]] led a band of Norsemen in an attack on Toulouse, but was repulsed. Humfrid then fled to [[Regnum Italicum|Italy]], and from there to [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], where, in 872, he was a count in [[Zürich]]. He was alive as late as 876.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*Lewis, Archibald R. ''[http://libro.uca.edu/lewis/index.htm The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050]''. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
*Calmette, J. "Onfroy, Marquis de Gothie." ''Etudes Médiévales''.
*Chaume, M. "Onfroi, Marquis de Gothie, ses origines et ses attaches familiales." ''Annales du Midi'', LII (1940).

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Odalric, Count of Barcelona|Odalric]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Count of Barcelona]]|years=858–865}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Bernard of Gothia|Bernard]]}}
{{end}}

[[Category:Alemannic monarchs]]
[[Category:Alemannic warriors]]
[[Category:9th-century births]]
[[Category:9th-century deaths]]
[[Category:Counts of Barcelona]]
[[Category:Counts of Empúries]]
[[Category:Counts of Girona]]
[[Category:9th-century people from the County of Barcelona]]
[[Category:9th-century people from West Francia]]

Humfrid - Revision history

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Alemannic rulers to :Category:Alemannic monarchs per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 June 5#Category:Alemannic rulers