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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{more footnotes|date=November 2018}}
{{ infobox noble
| name = Henry VIII
| title = Duke of Legnica Bishop of Włocławek
| image = Henry VIII.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption =
| noble family = [[Silesian Piasts]]
| father = [[Wenceslaus I of Legnica]]
| mother = Anna of Cieszyn
| spouse =
| issue =
| birth_date = {{circa|1355}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1398|12|12|1355|||df=y}}
| death_place = [[Legnica]]
| burial_place = [[Wrocław Cathedral]]
}}

'''Henry VIII of Legnica''' ({{langx|pl|Henryk VIII legnicki}}; {{circa|1355}} – 12 December 1398) was a Duke of [[Legnica]] beginning in 1364 (nominally and together with his brothers) and [[List of bishops of Kujawy|Bishop of Włocławek]] from 1389 until his death, member of the Legnica line of the [[Piast dynasty]].

He was the fourth son of Duke [[Wenceslaus I of Legnica]], by his wife Anna, daughter of [[Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn]].

==Life==
Duke Wenceslaus I destined his three younger sons (Henry VIII and his two older brothers [[Wenceslaus II of Legnica|Wenceslaus II]] and [[Bolesław IV of Legnica|Bolesław IV]]) to the [[Latin Church|Church]], in order to prevent further divisions of the already small [[Duchy of Legnica]], and gave the full authority over Legnica to his oldest son [[Rupert I of Legnica|Rupert I]].

After his father's death in 1364, Henry VIII and his siblings were placed under the tutelage of their uncle [[Ludwik I the Fair|Louis I the Fair]] who, followed the wishes of his late brother, installed him as a canon of the [[Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew, Wrocław|Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross]] in [[Wrocław]] in 1378. A year later, Henry VIII was appointed [[Provost (religion)|provost]] of the [[Chapter (religion)|Chapter]] of the [[Wrocław Cathedral]].

On 21 May 1379 Henry VIII, together with his brothers, went to [[Prague]] and paid his homage to the King [[Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia|Wenceslaus IV]].

By the early autumn of that year, Henry VIII was elected administrator of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]]; on 19 April 1382, his older brother Wenceslaus II was finally confirmed as Bishop of the Diocese. During the period of his administration, Henry VIII's disputes with the local nobility finally erupted when his older brother Rupert I send him a dozen kegs of beer from [[Swidnica]] as a gift.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Davies |first1=Norman |author-link=Norman Davies |last2=Moorhouse |first2=Roger |author-link2=Roger Moorhouse |year=2002 |chapter=Chapter 3: Vretslav in the Kingdom of Bohemia, 1335-1526 |title=[[Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City]] |location=London |publisher=Jonathan Cape |page=143 |isbn=978-1-4481-1408-5 }}</ref> Henry VIII refused to pay the tax on the imported beer, in derogation of the beer-monopoly of the Wrocław City Council. The beer was seized by the city. Henry VIII, referring to the privileges of the chapter, called for the returning of the Church's goods; the City Council refused, which enraged Henry, who announced the imminent [[interdict]] on the city if they didn't accept his demands. The dispute, despite the attempted mediation of the Archbishop of [[Gniezno]], [[Janusz Suchywilk]] and King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia (who even ordered the plundering of the property of Wrocław's Canons, treating them as responsible for the prolonged conflict), dragged on and only ended in May 1382, as a result of the compromise ruling of the papal Legate, Bishop Thomas Lucerii.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Łagiewski |first=Maciej |date=20 February 2013 |title=Wielka wojna o piwo |newspaper=[[List of newspapers in Poland#Lower Silesia|Gazeta Wrocławska]] |url=https://gazetawroclawska.pl/wielka-wojna-o-piwo/ar/766143 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408190401/https://gazetawroclawska.pl/wielka-wojna-o-piwo/ar/766143 |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1388, Henry VIII, in exchange for his resignation of the administration of the Diocese of Wrocław, received from [[Pope Urban VI]] the Bishopric of the remote [[Cambrai]] in [[Flanders]].

Henry VIII refused this nomination because of the opportunity to take over the diocese of [[Włocławek]] after the current holder, his relative [[Jan Kropidło]] – also Duke of [[Opole]], resigned from his post to become the Archbishopric of Gniezno. With the nomination of Henry VIII for a richest Bishopric in Poland, he had the same political influence of the powerful [[Archbishop of Kraków|Bishop of Kraków]], [[Piotr Wysz]].

The official ordinance of Henry VIII as Bishop of Włocławek, which as a Diocese included not only [[Kuyavia]] in Poland, but the portion of [[Gdańsk Pomerania]] within the [[State of the Teutonic Order]], took place on 14 May 1389.

Henry VIII's rule over Włocławek lasted nine years, during which time he had little interest in the fate of his subjects, his interest was limited only to receiving the large revenue from the Bishopric. He lived mostly in [[Silesia]] in the lands of his brothers Rupert I and Wenceslaus II: [[Legnica]], [[Wrocław]] and [[Otmuchów]].

Henry VIII died in Legnica on 12 December 1398, probably poisoned during the banquet given by the [[List of archbishops of Gniezno and primates of Poland|Archbishop of Gniezno]], [[Dobrogost z Nowego Dworu]]. He was buried in the Wrocław Cathedral; his tombstone, situated in the south nave, remains there today.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/piast/piast5.html#W1 |title= Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast: Silesia |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source needed|date=August 2012}}
*''This article was originally translated from the Polish Wikipedia version''.

==External links==
*[http://rcin.org.pl/Content/28575/WA303_41231_B88-SZ-R-45-2007_Tegowski.pdf Jan Tęgowski, Ślub Małgorzaty Siemowitówny z Henrykiem VIII księciem Brzegu (Przyczynek źródłowy)]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Wenceslaus I of Legnica|Wenceslaus I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Silesia|Duke of Legnica]] ''with Rupert I, Wenceslaus II, and Bolesław IV (until 1394)'' |years=1364–1398}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rupert I of Legnica|Rupert I]] and [[Wenceslaus II of Legnica|Wenceslaus II]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jan Kropidło]] }}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of bishops of Kujawy|Bishop of Włocławek]]|years=1389–1398}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mikołaj Kurowski]]}}
{{end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry 08 of Legnica}}
[[Category:1355 births]]
[[Category:1398 deaths]]
[[Category:Dukes of Legnica]]
[[Category:Bishops of Kujawy and Włocławek]]
[[Category:Burials at Wrocław Cathedral]]
[[Category:14th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Poland]]

Henry VIII of Legnica - Revision history

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