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{{Short description|13th-century Duke of Jawor and Legnica}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox noble
| name = Henry V "the Fat"
| title = Duke of Jawor, Legnica, Wrocław
| image = Henryk V Brzuchaty seal 1289.PNG
| caption = Henry V's [[Seal (emblem)|seal]], dated to 1289
| noble family = [[Silesian Piasts]]
| father = [[Bolesław II the Horned]]
| mother = Hedwig of Anhalt
| spouse = [[Elisabeth of Greater Poland]]
| issue = Hedwig Euphemia Anna Elisabeth [[Bolesław III the Generous]] Helena [[Henry VI the Good]] [[Władysław of Legnica|Władysław]]
| birth_date = {{circa| 1248}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 22 February {{death year and age|1296|1248}}
| death_place =
| burial_place = [[Poor Clares]] monastery in [[Wrocław]]
}}
'''Henry V''' ({{langx|pl|Henryk}}, {{langx|de|Heinrich}}; {{circa| 1248}} – 22 February 1296), called '''the Fat''' ({{langx|pl|Brzuchaty}}, {{langx|de|der Dicke}}) was a Duke of [[Jawor]] from 1273, of [[Legnica]] from 1278, and [[Duke of Wrocław]] from 1290.

He was the eldest son of [[Bolesław II the Bald|Bolesław II the Bald, Duke of Legnica]]{{sfn|Górecki|2007|p=210}} and Hedwig, daughter of [[Henry I, Count of Anhalt]].

==Life==
===Early Years. Duke of Jawor, Battle of Stolec===
As a youth, he was present at the court of King [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]] in [[Prague]], where he became a knight.<ref>Menzel, [http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/0001/bsb00016409/images/index.html?nativeno=396 s.v. Heinrich V der Dicke, p. 396].{{dead link|date=June 2016}}</ref>

In 1273 Henry's father granted him the town of [[Jawor]] (Jauer) as an independent duchy. Four years later, [[Bolesław II the Bald]], Henry's father, kidnapped his own nephew [[Henry IV Probus|Henry IV]], ruler of the [[Wrocław|Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau)]], on behalf of his ally, King [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf of Habsburg]]. This action provoked the indignation of [[Lesser Poland]]'s nobility and Henry IV's neighbors, who then launched an expedition to free him and bring Bolesławto justice. The dukes [[Przemysł II]] of [[Greater Poland]] and [[Henry III, Duke of Głogów|Henry III]] of [[Głogów]] led the Greater Poland-Głogów-Wrocław Coalition in the hard-fought battle of [[Ząbkowice Śląskie]] near [[Stolec, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Stolec]], one of the bloodiest of the Polish [[Middle Ages]]. While the Coalition forces overwhelmed Bolesław's forces and forced him to flee the field, young Henry's charge turned the tide of the battle and resulted in a great victory. Members of the coalition, including both dukes Przemysł II and Henry III, were captured. However, the young Duke Henry of Jauer saved his family from a disastrous defeat.

===Death of Bolesław II the Bald. Henry V, Duke of Legnica===
Henry became the Duke of Legnica on 26 December 1278, succeeding his father Bolesław II. He soon appointed his younger brothers [[Bolko I, Duke of Schweidnitz-Jauer|Bolko I]] and [[Bernard the Lightsome|Bernard]] as co-rulers of [[Jawor]] and [[Lwówek Śląski|Lwówek]]. In addition, Henry kept the town of [[Środa Śląska]], which he had acquired in 1277 in exchange for the release of Henry IV.

Henry maintained hostile relations with other Piast Silesian dukes, similar to his father's reign. In 1281, at the invitation of Henry IV Probus, he attended a meeting in [[Sądowel]]. Henry IV, together with his former allies Henry III of Głogów and Przemysł II of Greater Poland, imprisoned the Duke of Legnica and demanded [[concession (politics)|political concessions]]. Although Henry regained his freedom later, he was forced to recognize Henry IV as Duke of Wrocław (Breslau). However, King [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia]] challenged Henry IV's sovereignty over Wrocław (Breslau).

===Henry V, Duke of Wrocław. War with Henry III of Głogów===
On 23 June 1290, Henry IV Probus died suddenly, possibly poisoned. He appointed Henry III of Głogów as his successor. However, the nobility and citizens of Wrocław opposed this decision, fearing that the Duke of Głogów would be a harsh ruler. As a result, Henry III fled and the people of Wrocław (Breslau) invited Henry V to assume the throne.

Henry III refused to abdicate, leading to wars where various territories changed hands. On 11 November 1293, Henry was betrayed by Lutka Zdzieszyca, the son of a Wrocław nobleman whom Henry had previously sentenced to death. Henry was subsequently imprisoned for about six months. Henry V secured his release by ceding the towns of [[Namysłów]], [[Bierutów]], [[Oleśnica]], [[Kluczbork]], [[Byczyna]], [[Wołczyn]], [[Olesno]], [[Chojnów]], with [[Bolesławiec]] and their fortifications to Henry III, paying a ransom of 30,000 pieces, and swearing to support the Duke of Głogów in all his struggles for the next five years.

During his imprisonment in Głogów, Henry's brother Bolko I was appointed regent of his territories. In 1291 Henry V granted Bolko I the towns of [[Świdnica]] (Schweidnitz), [[Ziębice]], [[Ząbkowice Śląskie]] and [[Strzelin]] in return for his support against Henry III.

===Death and legacy===
Henry was imprisoned in an iron cage and fell ill after his release. His health never fully recovered. Worried about the fate of his duchy, he appealed to the [[Holy See]] for protection in 1294.

Henry died on 22 February 1296 and was buried in the convent of the [[Poor Clares]] in Wrocław (Breslau). Since his sons were minors, Henry's brother [[Bolko I, Duke of Schweidnitz-Jauer|Bolko]] became their guardian.

==Marriage and Children==
[[File:POL województwo dolnośląskie COA.svg|thumb|right|150px|The [[Coat of arms of Silesia|black crownless eagle]] of the Silesian Piasts]]
Around 1273, Henry married [[Elisabeth of Greater Poland|Elisabeth]] (c. 1263 – 28 September 1304),{{sfn|Homza|2017|p=66}} daughter of [[Bolesław the Pious]], [[Duke of Greater Poland]]. They had eight children:
#Hedwig (c. 1277 – aft. 3 February 1347); married by 1289/95 to Prince Otto of [[Brandenburg]]–[[Salzwedel]], second son of Margrave Otto V. After her husband died, she became a nun in St. Klara, Wrocław.
#Euphemia (c. 1278 – June 1347); married in 1300 [[Otto III of Carinthia]].
#Anna (1284 – 2/3 October 1343); Abbess of St. Klara, Wrocław.
#Elisabeth (c. 1290 – Nov 1357/58); Abbess of St. Klara, Wrocław.
#[[Bolesław III the Generous]] (23 September 1291 – 21 April 1352).
#Helena (c. 1293 – aft. 1300){{sfn|Homza|2017|p=66}} nun in St. Klara, [[Gniezno]].
#[[Henry VI the Good]] (18 March 1294 – 24 November 1335).
#[[Władysław of Legnica|Władysław]] (b. posthumously, 6 June 1296 – 13 January aft. 1352).

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title=A Local Society in Transition: The Henryków Book and Related Documents |first=Piotr |last=Górecki |publisher=Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies |year=2007 }}
*{{cite book |title=Mulieres suadentes - Persuasive Women: Female Royal Saints in Medieval East |first=Martin |last=Homza |publisher=Brill |year=2017 }}
*Menzel, Josef Joachim. ''[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]'' (NDB). Volume 8. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, [http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/0001/bsb00016409/images/index.html?nativeno=396 s.v. Heinrich V der Dicke, pp. 396–7]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{ISBN|3-7995-6341-5}}{{dead link|date=June 2016}}
*{{in lang|pl}} [http://www.poczet.com/brzuchaty.htm HENRYK V BRZUCHATY (GRUBY, TŁUSTY)]
*''Substantial parts of this article were translated from the version on the Polish wikipedia''.

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Piast]]||{{circa| 1248}}|22 February|1296}}
{{s-bef | rows=2 | before=[[Bolesław II the Bald]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Jawor|Duke of Jawor]] | years=1273–1278}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Bolko I the Strict]] and [[Bernard the Lightsome]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Legnica|Duke of Legnica]]|years=1278–1296}}
{{s-aft | rows=2 | after=[[Bolesław III the Generous]] [[Henry VI the Good]] [[Władysław of Legnica|Władysław]]}}
|-
{{s-bef | rows=6 | before=[[Henry IV Probus]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Wrocław]]|years=1290–1296}}
|-
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Ścinawa]] | years=1290}}
{{s-aft | rows=3 | after=[[Henry III, Duke of Silesia-Glogau|Henry III]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Oleśnica|Duke of Oleśnica]]|years=1290–1294}}
|-
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Namysłów]]|years=1290–1294}}
|-
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Świdnicą]]|years=1290–1291}}
{{s-aft | rows=2 | after=[[Bolko I the Strict]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Ziębice]]|years=1290–1291}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry 05, Duke of Legnica}}
[[Category:1240s births]]
[[Category:1296 deaths]]
[[Category:Dukes of Legnica]]
[[Category:Dukes of Wrocław]]
[[Category:13th-century Polish nobility]]
[[Category:People of Byzantine descent]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

Henry V, Duke of Legnica - Revision history

imported>Onel5969: Disambiguating links to Seal (link changed to Seal (emblem)) using DisamAssist.