imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Colonial Secretaries of Tasmania to :Category:Colonial secretaries of Tasmania per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2025 January 6#Colonial and Chief Secretaries / colonial and chief secretaries categories

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Moving Category:Colonial Secretaries of Tasmania to Category:Colonial secretaries of Tasmania per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2025 January 6#Colonial and Chief Secretaries / colonial and chief secretaries categories

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{{Short description|Australian and New Zealand judge and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Henry Samuel Chapman
| image = Henry Samuel Chapman00.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1803|07|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kennington]], London
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1881|12|27|1803|07|21|df=yes}}
| death_place = Dunedin, New Zealand
| nationality = British
| other_names =
| occupation = judge, colonial secretary
| known_for =
| relations = [[Martin Chapman]] (son) [[Frederick Chapman (judge)|Frederick Chapman]] (son)
}}
{{Eureka Rebellion sidebar}}
'''Henry Samuel Chapman''' (21 July 1803 – 27 December 1881) was an Australian and [[New Zealand]] judge, colonial secretary, attorney-general, journalist and politician.

==Early life==
Chapman was born at [[Kennington]], London, the son of Henry Chapman, English civil servant, and his wife Ann, daughter of Rev. Thomas Hart Davies.<ref>Parish register, St Mary, Portsea, Hampshire. 13 December 1778</ref> Chapman was educated privately at [[Bromley]], Kent.
In 1818, he entered a bank, then in 1823 emigrated to [[Quebec]], Canada where he went into business as a commission merchant. In 1833 he started the first Canadian daily newspapers, the radical ''Montreal Daily Advertiser'', in association with [[Samuel Revans]].<ref name=dab>
{{Dictionary of Australian Biography
|First=Henry Samuel|Last=Chapman
|shortlink=0-dict-biogCa-Ch.html#chapman1
|accessdate=27 August 2014
}}</ref><ref name=adb>
{{Australian Dictionary of Biography
|last=Neale
|first=R. S.
|authorlink=
|year=1969
|id2=chapman-henry-samuel-3193
|title= Chapman, Henry Samuel (1803 - 1881)
|accessdate=27 August 2014
}}</ref>

In 1835, Chapman returned to England as a salaried intermediary between the [[Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada]] and its friends in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]].<ref name=adb/> Chapman remained in England for some time and took up the study of law, being admitted to the bar of the [[Middle Temple]] in 1840. Five years earlier he had published ''The Act for the Regulation of Municipal Corporations . . . with a complete index and notes''. He was also involved in journalism and various Liberal reform movements e.g. the anti-[[corn law]] agitations. He served on several Royal Commissions on industry, e.g. [[Royal Commission on Hand-Loom Weavers|on the Yorkshire wool industry]], and contributed to reviews and to the seventh edition of the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].<ref name=dab/>

==New Zealand and Australia==
Chapman founded the ''New Zealand Journal'', which he edited and published in London from 1840 to 1843; he also published the ''New Zealand Portfolio''. He supported the colonising ideas of [[Edward Gibbon Wakefield]], and had a passion for colonial self-government, on which he published several treatises. In 1843 he published the ''New Zealand Portfolio, Papers on Subjects of Importance to the Colonists'', and was appointed a judge of the [[Supreme Court of New Zealand]]. He was stationed at [[Wellington]], residing at [[Karori]]. The size of the district meant covering such distances as [[Kawhia]] to [[New Plymouth]] ({{convert|150|mi|disp=or}}) and New Plymouth to Wellington ({{convert|200|mi|disp=or}}) on foot. But he was under the Chief Justice [[William Martin (judge)|William Martin]] and, according to [[Charlotte Godley]], always "considered himself too good for his present position". During this time Chapman gave what has become an influential judgment on native title in ''[[R v Symonds]]'' (1847). So in 1852 he accepted a position in [[Van Diemen's Land]] ([[Tasmania]]).<ref name=dab/><ref name=enz>{{cite web
|title=Chapman, Henry Samuel
|publisher=Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
|year=1966
|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/C/ChapmanHenrySamuel/ChapmanHenrySamuel/en
|accessdate=8 October 2008}}</ref>

Chapman went to [[Van Diemen's Land]] as [[Chief Secretary (British Empire)|Colonial Secretary]] in 1852, arriving in April.<ref name=adb/> Later that year, as a nominee member of the council, left the chamber when a vote on the transportation question was being taken. [[William Denison|Governor Denison]] held that as a representative of the government in the legislative council Chapman should have supported its transportation policy and virtually dismissed him, though he gave him leave of absence on half pay until the question could be referred to the Secretary of State. The governor's action was confirmed and Chapman went to Melbourne in 1854 and practised as a barrister. On 13 February 1855 he was elected a member of the [[Victorian Legislative Council]] for [[Electoral district of South Bourke, Evelyn and Mornington|South Bourke, Evelyn and Mornington]],<ref name=Sweetman>
{{cite book
|title=Constitutional Development of Victoria, 1851-6
|last=Sweetman
|first=Edward
|year=1920
|publisher=Whitcombe & Tombs Limited
|page=[https://archive.org/details/constitutionalde00swee/page/180 180]
|url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionalde00swee
|accessdate=19 August 2014
}}</ref> and early in 1856 drafted the bill which brought in the ballot system of secret voting, afterwards known as the 'Australian' or 'Victorian' system and adopted by other countries all over the world. The ''Australian Encyclopaedia'', entry under "ballot", points out that it became law in Victoria on 19 March 1856 and in South Australia on 2 April 1856; though the South Australian proposals had been made first. In Victoria there were very vague ideas about the working of a secret system of voting. Chapman's special contribution was that he devised a method that was workable, and drafted the first bill to become law in any part of the world. Under it the voter struck out the name of any candidate he did not desire to be elected, and this procedure was followed in Victoria until federation came in. Though without a seat in parliament, he had been defeated at an election at [[Electoral district of St Kilda|St Kilda]], Chapman was [[Attorney-General of Victoria (Australia)|Attorney-General]] in the first [[John O'Shanassy|O'Shanassy]] ministry for a few weeks in 1857, and securing the St Kilda seat in December, in the following March was asked to form a ministry. This was done with O'Shanassy as premier and Chapman as attorney-general. This government resigned on 27 October 1859. In 1860 Chapman was a lecturer in law at the [[University of Melbourne]]. In 1861 he was elected to the [[Victorian Legislative Assembly]] for [[Electoral district of Mornington|Mornington]]. He resigned his seat in February 1862 to become an acting-judge of the [[Supreme Court of Victoria]], while [[Redmond Barry]] took a year's leave of absence.<ref name=dab/>

In March 1864, Chapman was appointed a judge of the [[High Court of New Zealand|Supreme Court of New Zealand]], at [[Dunedin]].
He was involved there with the [[University of Otago]] and the [[Otago Institute]].
Chapman retired in 1875 taking up commerce and sheep farming in [[Central Otago]], he died of cancer in Dunedin, New Zealand.
He had an obituary notice in [[The Times]].<ref name=dab/><ref name=enz/>

==Family==
Chapman married twice; firstly on 6 June 1840, to Catherine DeLancy Brewer (born 1810), (daughter of T. G. Brewer, a London barrister), who was drowned while returning to Australia from visiting England along with two sons and a daughter when the passenger ship [[SS London (1864)|SS ''London'']] foundered in the [[Bay of Biscay]] in January 1866.<ref name=adb/> They had seven children together, six sons and a daughter.

Chapman revisited England, and on 11 April 1868 married Selina Frances Carr, sister-in-law of [[Richard Davies Ireland]], who survived him, with at least three sons of the first marriage. His third son, [[Martin Chapman]], was amongst the first seven [[List of King's and Queen's Counsel in New Zealand|King's Counsel to be appointed in New Zealand]] in 1907.<ref>{{cite news | title=Obituary | url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZH19240318.2.134 | accessdate=13 February 2015 | work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] | volume=LXI | issue=18661 | date=18 March 1924 | page=10}}</ref> His fifth son, Sir [[Frederick Revans Chapman]], became a Supreme Court judge in New Zealand, and President of the Court of Arbitration.<ref name=dab/><ref>{{cite web
|title=Chapman, Sir Frederick Revans
|publisher=Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
|year=1966
|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/C/ChapmanSirFrederickRevans/ChapmanSirFrederickRevans/en
|accessdate=8 October 2008
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite Australasia|Chapman, Hon. Henry Samuel}}
* {{cite DNB|wstitle=Chapman, Henry Samuel |first=George Clement|last=Boase|authorlink = George Clement Boase|volume=10}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par | au-vic-lc}}
{{s-bef | before = [[John Dane (Australian politician)|John Dane]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member for [[Electoral district of South Bourke, Evelyn and Mornington|South Bourke, Evelyn and Mornington]]
| years = 13 February 1855 – March 1856
| alongside= [[Henry Miller (Australian politician)|Henry Miller]]}}
{{s-non | reason = Original Council abolished}}
{{s-par | au-vic-la}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Frederick James Sargood|Frederick J. Sargood]] }}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member for [[Electoral district of St Kilda|St Kilda]]
| years = January 1858 – October 1859
| with = [[John Crews (Australian politician)|John Crews]]}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Archibald Michie]] [[James Johnston (Australian politician)|James Johnston]] }}
{{s-bef | before = [[William Lyall (politician)|William Lyall]] }}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member for [[Electoral district of Mornington|Mornington]]
| years = August 1861 – February 1862 }}
{{s-aft | after = [[James McCulloch]] }}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Attorney-General of Victoria (Australia)|Attorney-General of Victoria]]
| before=[[Thomas Howard Fellows]]
| after=[[Archibald Michie]]
| years=11 March 1857 – 28 April 1857 }}
{{succession box
| title= [[Attorney-General of Victoria (Australia)|Attorney-General of Victoria]]
| before=[[Archibald Michie]]
| after=[[John Wood (Australian politician)|John Wood]]
| years=10 March 1858 – 26 October 1859 }}
{{s-end}}

{{People of the Eureka Rebellion}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chapman, Henry Samuel}}
[[Category:1803 births]]
[[Category:1881 deaths]]
[[Category:Judges of the Supreme Court of Victoria]]
[[Category:Colonial secretaries of Tasmania]]
[[Category:New Zealand farmers]]
[[Category:Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Victorian Legislative Council]]
[[Category:High Court of New Zealand judges]]
[[Category:Aboriginal title in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Burials at Dunedin Northern Cemetery]]
[[Category:Attorneys-general of the Colony of Victoria]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Melbourne]]
[[Category:People from Kennington]]
[[Category:English emigrants to colonial Australia]]
[[Category:Colony of New Zealand judges]]
[[Category:19th-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Otago]]
[[Category:Attorneys-general of Victoria]]
[[Category:Eureka Rebellion]]
[[Category:People of the Eureka Rebellion]]

Henry Samuel Chapman - Revision history

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Colonial Secretaries of Tasmania to :Category:Colonial secretaries of Tasmania per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2025 January 6#Colonial and Chief Secretaries / colonial and chief secretaries categories