imported>Smasongarrison: Copying from Category:19th-century Australian chess players to Category:19th-century Australian sportsmen Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

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Copying from Category:19th-century Australian chess players to Category:19th-century Australian sportsmen Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

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{{Short description|Australian chess player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox chess player
|name = Henry Charlick
|image = Henry Charlick 1898.jpg
|caption= Henry Charlick in 1898
|birthname = Henry Charlick
|country = Australia
|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1845|7|8}}
|birth_place = London, England
|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|1916|7|26|1845|7|8}}
|death_place = [[Adelaide]], Australia
|title =
|peakrating =
}}

'''Henry Charlick''' (8 July 1845 in [[London]], England – 26 July 1916 in [[Adelaide]], Australia)<ref>[[Jeremy Gaige]], ''Chess Personalia: A Biobibliography'', McFarland & Company, 1987, p. 68. {{ISBN|0-7864-2353-6}}.</ref> was a leading Australian [[chess]] [[Chess master|master]] in the 1880s. He won the second [[Australian Chess Championship]] at [[Adelaide]] 1887 with 7½ points out of 9 games, ahead of reigning champion [[Frederick Karl Esling]] (7 points) and [[George H. D. Gossip]] (6½).<ref>Gino Di Felice, ''Chess Results, 1747–1900'', McFarland & Company, 2004, p. 103. {{ISBN|0-7864-2041-3}}.</ref><ref>Diggle, G.H., "The Master Who Never Was", ''British Chess Magazine'', January 1969, pp. 1–4, at p. 2. The title refers to Gossip, not Charlick.</ref> Charlick scored 6/8 in the third championship at [[Melbourne]] 1888, tying for first with [[William Crane (chess player)|William Crane, Jr.]], ahead of [[William Tullidge]] (5½), but narrowly lost the playoff to Crane (1 win, 2 losses, 1 draw).<ref>Di Felice, p. 111.</ref>

==History==
Henry was born in 1845 on Tottenham Court road, London, to Richard Charlick (died 1868) and his wife Janet, née Wilson (died 1876), who emigrated to South Australia on the ''Calphurnia'', arriving in April 1849. He learned the chess moves at the age of 15 at the Adelaide Mechanics' Institute and read all the books he could find on the subject and played against every possible opponent.
Blessed with a singularly retentive memory, he was soon winning every game. Before the age of 18 he had, blindfolded, simultaneously beaten two strong players.
He was influential in the inauguration of the first inter-colonial competition, between Victoria and South Australia in 1864 or 1865.<ref name=death>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60618669 |title=Death of Mr. Henry Charlick |newspaper=[[The Register (Adelaide)|The Register]] |volume=LXXXI |issue=21,753 |location=Adelaide |date=28 July 1916 |accessdate=16 August 2016 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

In a demonstration at the [[Adelaide Town Hall]] given by [[J. H. Blackburne]] in 1885 against twenty-odd players, Charlick, who conducted two games against the English champion, won one in five moves, and drew the other; Blackburne's only reverses.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article198395891 |title=Amusements |newspaper=[[Evening Journal (Adelaide)|Evening Journal]] |volume=XVII |issue=4981 |location=Adelaide |date=16 May 1885 |accessdate=16 August 2016 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> At the chess congress at Adelaide in 1887 he was the first to be awarded Australian Chess Champion. The following year that honour went to [[William Crane (chess player)|William Crane]] (14 April 1851 – 23 April 1920) of New South Wales.
He retired from active competition in 1893, in part to encourage younger players.<ref name=championship>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25721378 |title=The Chess Championship |newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |location=Adelaide |date=7 April 1894 |accessdate=16 August 2016 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
He was for many years Secretary of the Adelaide Chess Club (industrialist [[A. M. Simpson]] was a longtime president), and edited the Chess column in the [[Adelaide Observer]]. His style of play has been compared with that of [[Paul Morphy]] as distinct from that of [[Wilhelm Steinitz]].<ref name=death/>

Of quiet, generous and unassuming demeanor,<ref name=championship/> Charlick was employed for most of his life at the offices of the [[South Australian Register]], first as a reporter then in the commercial department.<ref name=death/>
He married Jane Connors in 1869; they had four sons: Henry Walter Charlick (1870–1940), Leslie Stanford Charlick (1876– ), Raymond Charlick (1883–1950), Geoffrey Astles  Charlick (1884–1927) and two daughters: Ella Charlick (1881–1947) and Alice Charlick (1888–1965).
Geoffrey killed himself by drinking [[lysol]]. He had been suffering from severe disabilities as a result of World War I injuries.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article54934473 |title=Casualties |newspaper=[[The Register (Adelaide)|The Register]] |volume=XCII |issue=26,920 |location=Adelaide |date=26 November 1927 |accessdate=16 August 2016 |page=14 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
Raymond's son Geoffrey Raymond Charlick (1912–1976) was a linguist, scholar and author.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129992944 |title=S.A. Man's Book Accepted in U.S. |newspaper=[[The News (Adelaide)|The News]] |volume=46 |issue=7,076 |location=Adelaide |date=6 April 1946 |accessdate=16 August 2016 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

==Charlick Gambit==
{{AN chess|pos=secright}}
In the early 1890s, Charlick introduced the dubious [[chess opening]] 1.d4 e5?!, which was sometimes (back then) called the [[Charlick Gambit]]. Charlick's idea was to meet 2.dxe5 with the [[gambit]] 2...d6 "with the object of preventing [[White and Black in chess|White]] from playing a close game."<ref>[[David Hooper (chess player)|David Hooper]] and [[Kenneth Whyld]], ''[[The Oxford Companion to Chess]]'', Oxford University Press, 2nd ed. 1992, p. 73. {{ISBN|0-19-866164-9}}.</ref> Today, 1.d4 e5 is usually called the [[Englund Gambit]], and the 2.dxe5 d6 offshoot that Charlick pioneered is usually called the [[Joseph Henry Blackburne|Blackburne]]–Hartlaub Gambit.<ref>See Ken Smith and John Hall, ''The Englund Gambit and the Blackburne-Hartlaub Gambit Complex'', Chess Digest, 1994, pp. 8–9, 15. {{ISBN|0-87568-242-1}}.</ref> Modern [[chess theory|theory]] considers 2...d6 even more dubious than the main line 2...Nc6 3.Nf3 Qe7, since White obtains a large advantage after 2...d6 3.Nf3 Bg4 4.Bg5{{chesspunc|!}} Qd7 5.exd6 Bxd6 6.Nbd2.<ref>Smith and Hall, p. 110.</ref>

== Illustrative games ==
Following are two games showing Charlick's {{chessgloss|attack|attacking}} style of play.

{| align="right"
|+ Apperly vs. Charlick, 1894
|
{{Chess diagram small
| tright
|
| | |kd|rd|rd| | |
|pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd
| | |nd|bd| | |qd|
| | | | | | | |
|ql| | | |nd| | |nl
| |nl|pl| |pl| | |pl
|pl|pl|bd| | |pl|pl|
|rl| |bl| |kl|bl| |rl
|Position after 13.Nh4
|reverse=true
}}
|
{{Chess diagram small
|tright
|
| | |kd|rd|rd| | |
|pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd
| | |nd| | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|ql| | | |nd| | |nl
| |nl|pl| |pl| |bd|pl
|pl|pl| | |kl| |pl|
|rl| |bl|bd| |bl| |rl
|Final position
|reverse=true
}}
|}
* Apperly–Charlick, [[Correspondence chess|corr.]], Australia 1894: <br />'''1. d4 e5 2. dxe5 d6''' Charlick's favorite gambit. '''3. Bf4 Nc6 4. exd6 Qf6 5. Bc1 Bxd6 6. c3 Bf5 7. e3 0-0-0 8. Nd2 Qg6 9. h3 Nf6 10. Ngf3 Rhe8 11. Qa4 Bc2 12. Nb3 Ne4 13. Nh4 Qg3{{chesspunc|!}} 14. fxg3 Bxg3+ 15. Ke2 Bd1{{chessAN|#}} {{chessAN|0–1}}''' White {{chessgloss|resigned}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1347800 |title=Apperly vs. Charlick, corr. 1894 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }}</ref>
{{clear}}
* Charlick–William Crane, Jr., Australian Championship playoff 1888: <br />'''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 d6 6. 0-0 0-0 7. Ne2 Ne7 8. Ng3 Ng6 9. Bg5 Be6 10. c3 Bc5 11. Nh5 c6 12. Ba4 Bg4 13. Nxf6+ gxf6 14. Bh6 Re8 15. h3 Bd7 16. b4 Bb6 17. Bb3 Be6 18. Nh2 f5 19. exf5 Bxf5 20. Qf3 Be6 21. Ng4 Bxb3 22. Nf6+ Kh8 23. Nxe8 Bc2 24. Qxf7 {{chessAN|1–0}}''' Black resigned.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1472729 |title=Charlick vs. Crane, Australian Championship playoff 1888 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }}</ref>
{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{chessgames player|id=95056|name=Henry Charlick}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charlick, Henry}}
[[Category:Colony of South Australia people]]
[[Category:1845 births]]
[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Australian chess players]]
[[Category:19th-century Australian sportsmen]]
[[Category:19th-century British chess players]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian chess players]]

Henry Charlick - Revision history

imported>Smasongarrison: Copying from Category:19th-century Australian chess players to Category:19th-century Australian sportsmen Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot