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{{Short description|Medical diagnostic instrument}}
A '''Halimeter''' is an instrument for measurement of the level of [[volatile sulfur compound]]s (VSCs) in the mouth.

Halimeter was introduced in the early 1990s as an adjunct method for determining [[halitosis]] (bad breath, oral malodor) levels, alongside human assessment of [[odor]] levels (the latter is considered the [[gold standard (test)|gold standard]]). The instrument measures parts per billion levels of [[hydrogen sulfide]] and, to a lesser extent, [[methyl mercaptan]], two gases which were previously shown to be associated with bad breath using gas chromatograph by Dr. [[Joseph Tonzetich]] in the late 1960s.

The Halimeter is manufactured by Interscan Corp. in [[California]], and based on their earlier model 1170 portable sulfide monitor. This was the model used in the two original studies.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 1960254 | volume=70 | issue=11 | title=Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor |date=November 1991 | journal=J. Dent. Res. | pages=1436–40 | doi=10.1177/00220345910700110801| last1=Rosenberg | first1=M. | last2=Kulkarni | first2=G. V. | last3=Bosy | first3=A. | last4=McCulloch | first4=C. A. | citeseerx=10.1.1.505.3372 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 1920015 | volume=62 | issue=8 | title=Halitosis measurement by an industrial sulphide monitor |date=August 1991 | journal=J. Periodontol. | pages=487–9 | doi=10.1902/jop.1991.62.8.487| last1=Rosenberg | first1=M. | last2=Septon | first2=I. | last3=Eli | first3=I. | last4=Bar-Ness | first4=R. | last5=Gelernter | first5=I. | last6=Brenner | first6=S. | last7=Gabbay | first7=J. }}</ref> These studies, conducted for the first time by Dr. [[Mel Rosenberg]], showed a significant correlation between monitor levels and oral malodor scores. The small size, simplicity of use, and price (relative to [[gas chromatograph]]) of the Halimeter made it popular among [[dentist]]s seeking to diagnose and treat bad breath, as well as scientific researchers. Much of the published research on bad breath over the past dozen years has employed this instrument. The [[electrochemical]] [[sensor]] is sensitive to [[Alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol]] vapors, and requires recalibration over time. The Halimeter has been the only VSC monitor for the diagnosis of halitosis for years, but now that its patent has expired, it faces competition from other [[sulfur]] monitors recently introduced into the marketplace.

More recently, the portable gas chromatograph, "[[OralChroma]]" has been recommended in the diagnosis of halitosis,<ref name=oralchro>{{cite journal|last=Tangerman|first=A|author2=Winkel, EG|title=The portable gas chromatograph OralChroma™: a method of choice to detect oral and extra-oral halitosis.|journal=Journal of Breath Research|date=Mar 2008|volume=2|issue=1|pages=017010|pmid=21386154|doi=10.1088/1752-7155/2/1/017010}}</ref> as the Halimeter does not detect [[dimethyl sulfide]], which is thought by some to be elevated in [[Halitosis#Extraoral halitosis|extraoral causes of halitosis]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tangerman|first=A|author2=Winkel, EG|title=Intra- and extra-oral halitosis: finding of a new form of extra-oral blood-borne halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphide.|journal=Journal of Clinical Periodontology|date=Sep 2007|volume=34|issue=9|pages=748–55|pmid=17716310|doi=10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01116.x}}</ref> The OralChroma detects dimethyl sulfide in a semi objective manner, and hence is able to differentiate between oral malodor (intraoral halitosis) and extra-oral halitosis.<ref name=oralchro /> The halimeter is therefore not indicated if extra-oral halitosis is suspected (its use will only be able to rule out intra-oral halitosis), but is useful for diagnosis and clinical monitoring of intra-oral halitosis.

==See also==
* [[Halitosis]]
* [[Electronic nose]]
* [[Gas chromatography]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.halimeter.com/ Official Halimeter website]
*[http://www.tau.ac.il/~melros/ Tel-Aviv University website on oral malodor]

[[Category:Oral hygiene]]

Halimeter - Revision history

imported>Casual: capitalization