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{{Short description|Catholic sacramental}}
{{Distinguish|Scapular of the Immaculate Heart of Mary}}
[[File:Green Scapular.jpg|thumb|right|260px|The Green Scapular.]]
The '''Green Scapular''' (also called '''The Badge of the [[Immaculate Heart of Mary]]''') is a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] devotional article approved by [[Pope Pius IX]] in 1870. It is worn to gain the [[intercession]] of the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]] in the wearer's life and work, as well as (especially) at the moment of one's own death. Use of this article is generally understood to be more liberal than other scapulars; the favor it earns will apply to anyone who wears it, carries it, or simply keeps it aside. It can even be carried or kept by one party in the stead of another if circumstances impede the intended recipient to safely or practically accept it.

It is called a [[scapular]] due to its origin, material construction, and generally-similar appearance to other Catholic scapulars, but is not descended from the scapulars that form part of the [[religious habit|habit]] worn by [[religious orders]].<ref name=Ball>Ball, Ann. 2003 ''Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices'', page 217, {{ISBN|087973910X}}</ref> Evidence of this is apparent when comparing the scapular to those of other historic colors; the green scapular has only one badge of cloth, and every other sanctioned scapular has at least two.

{{Scapular}}
The development of the green scapular is based on visions reportedly experienced in 1840 by Sister Justine Bisqueyburu, a member of the [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul]].

==Background==
Almost ten years after Saint [[Catherine Labouré]], a member of the same [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|Congregation of the Daughters of Charity]], reported several apparitions of the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Blessed Virgin Mary]], in 1830, at the motherhouse in the [[Rue du Bac, Paris]], that resulted on the creation of the [[Miraculous Medal|Miraculous Medal of Our Lady of Graces]]. According to Chris Maunder, the visions of the Rue du Bac inspired other similar accounts among the French Vincentian nuns during the 1840s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTs6CwAAQBAJ&q=sorrowful+and+immaculate+heart+of+mary Maunder, Chris. ''Our Lady of the Nations: Apparitions of Mary in 20th-century Catholic Europe''], Oxford University Press, 2016; {{ISBN|9780198718383}}</ref>

A second Daughter of Charity of St Vincent de Paul, Sister Justine Bisqueyburu, reported a similar experience in 1840, that led to the creation of the Green Scapular. In 1846 Sister Apolline Andriveaut purportedly received a vision at Troyes, France, that formed the basis of the [[Red Scapular of the Passion]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13508b.htm Hilgers, Joseph. "Scapular." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912 {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==Justine Bisqueyburu==

===Early life===
Justine Bisqueyburu was born on 11 November 1817 in [[Mauléon-Licharre|Mauléon]], [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Lower Pyrenees]], [[Bourbon Restoration in France|France]], to Clement and Ursula Albine d'Anglade Bisqueyburu. Her father was a merchant. Orphaned at a young age, she was brought up by her maternal aunt.<ref name=Edouard>[http://www.catholictradition.org/Mary/green-scapular.htm Mott C.M., Marie Edouard. "The Green Scapular and Its Favors", 1961]</ref> On 28 January 1840, during her [[Retreat (spiritual)|retreat]] in preparation for entrance into the [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|Daughters of Charity]], Justine was in the chapel at [[Rue du Bac]] in [[Paris]]. While she was at prayer, the Virgin Mary reportedly appeared to her, dressed in a long white gown and a light blue mantle; her hair was not covered, and she said nothing. At the end of the retreat, the Virgin Mary appeared to her again, and the vision recurred five times during the latter's [[Catholic novitiate|novitiate]]. On each occasion, the vision was identical to the first; on each occasion, Our Lady said nothing.<ref name="Justine">{{Cite web|title=Justine Bisqueyburu - Vincentian Encyclopedia|url=https://famvin.org/wiki/Justine_Bisqueyburu_DC|access-date=2020-08-25|website=famvin.org}}</ref>

===Visions===
Shortly after she had received the habit of the Daughters of Charity, Sr Justine was sent to teach the poor in Blangy. On 8 September 1840 (the [[Nativity of Mary#Feast day|Feast of the Nativity of Mary]]), while Sr Justine was at prayer, the Virgin Mary again appeared, holding in her right hand her heart surrounded by flames, and in her left a type of scapular consisting of a single piece of green cloth strung on green cords. On the cloth was an image of the Virgin as she had appeared to Sr Justine, holding her heart in her right hand. On the cloth's reverse was "a Heart all ablaze with rays more dazzling than the sun and as transparent as crystal".<ref name=svp/> The heart was pierced by a sword, surmounted by a gold cross and with words in the shape of an oval around the heart: "Immaculate Heart of Mary, pray for us now and at the hour of our death". Sr Justine heard an interior voice say that the Virgin Mary wished the scapular to be promoted widely as an instrument in the conversion of souls.<ref name=svp>{{Cite web |url=http://svp.org.uk/KeyFigures |title="Justine Bisqueyburu", St. Vincent de Paul Society, England and Wales |access-date=2014-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028162916/http://svp.org.uk/KeyFigures |archive-date=2014-10-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Sr Justine told her superior about the visions and, subsequently, her spiritual director, Jean-Marie Aladel, [[Congregation of the Mission|C.M.]] who was skeptical and told her she was deluded.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FQtjDwAAQBAJ&dq=Red+Scapular+of+the+Passion&pg=PT89 Rybolt, John E., ''The Vincentians: A General History of the Congregation of the Mission'', Volume 4, New City Press, 2014, no pagination] {{isbn|9781565486379}}</ref>

===Later life===
During the Crimean War, Sr Justine was sent to serve in Constantinople. In 1856 she went to the military hospital at [[Val-de-Grâce]] in Paris, where she remained for two years. In 1858 she was commissioned to open the military hospital of Rennes; later that year she was placed in charge of a military hospital in Algiers, a position she held for nine years.<ref name=Edouard/>

In 1867, her superiors sent her to Italy in the service of the [[Papal Zouaves]]. After spending three days and three nights on the battlefield, she went to Rome to equip and organize three ambulances. She was held in high esteem at the Papal Court, were [[Pope Pius IX]] appreciated her valor, and occasionally allowed her to accompany him in his walks through the Papal gardens.<ref name=Edouard/>

To the end of her life, Sr Justine maintained silence about these visions, and spoke only with her superior and her spiritual director about them. The Green Scapular was approved by [[Pope Pius IX]] in 1870.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Green Scapular - Vincentian Encyclopedia|url=https://famvin.org/wiki/Green_Scapular|access-date=2020-08-25|website=famvin.org}}</ref>

Sister Justine Bisqueyburu died on 23 September 1903.<ref name=Edouard/>

[[File:Color green scapular.jpg|225px|right]]

==Description==
[[File:Green Scapular1.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The Green Scapular with a small [[medal of Saint Benedict]].]]

The devotional scapular is made of green fabric. The obverse has an image of the burning heart of Mary (without the [[corolla (chaplet)|chaplet]] of roses), pierced by a sword and dripping blood, above which is a [[crux immissa]], encircled by the words "Immaculate Heart of Mary, pray for us now and at our hour of death." The reverse shows a full standing image of the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] with the radiant [[Immaculate Heart of Mary|Immaculate Heart]]. It differs from other scapulars in that it consists of only one rectangular piece of cloth instead of two.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

==Devotional use==
Since it is not the emblem of a confraternity but simply a double image attached to a single piece of cloth, no investiture is necessary. The only requirement is that the Green Scapular be blessed by a priest and worn or carried by the person wishing to benefit by it. The Scapular may also be worn about the neck, placed under the pillow, kept in a wallet, or placed in one's clothing. The prayer, "Immaculate Heart of Mary, pray for us now and at the hour of our death", should with confidence be said for or by the person.<ref name=svp/>

When invoked under this [[Titles of Mary|title]] and through this holy image, the Virgin Mary is said to obtain great favours from her Son, especially in the areas of physical health, peace of mind and spiritual conversion. She would particularly obtain the conversion of those who had [[Lapsed Catholic|fallen away from the faith]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

==Shrines==
There is a diocesan shrine of Our Lady of the Green Scapular at Immaculate Heart of Mary Parish in [[Monona, Wisconsin]], in the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Madison|Diocese of Madison]]. The shrine can be traced as far back as 1950 when the parish was founded. "When the permanent parish church was finally completed in 1961, it was designed with this Marian devotion in mind."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=Immaculate Heart of Mary Parish named shrine of Our Lady of the Green Scapular |url=https://madisoncatholicherald.org/green-scapular/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Madison Catholic Herald |language=en-US}}</ref> At the time, in 1961, it was "the World Shrine of Our Lady of the Green Scapular."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Father Mersberger and the Shrine of Our Lady of the Green Scapular collection {{!}} University of Dayton Libraries Archives and Special Collections |url=https://archivescatalog.udayton.edu/repositories/2/resources/78#:~:text=History%20of%20the%20Shrine%20of%20Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20Green%20Scapular&text=O'Connor%20established%20the%20Immaculate,family%20to%20the%20IHM%20parish. |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=archivescatalog.udayton.edu}}</ref> "A mosaic on the front of the building depicts Our Lady gifting the Green Scapular to Sr. Justine Bisqueyburu, the visionary who received it from her in 1840 in France."<ref name=":0" />

With Marian devotion falling out of style in the late 1960's and '70's, the shrine was removed from the parish and traded hands several times.<ref name=":0" /> However, there has been renewed interest in the shrine and on the 18th of June, 2023, Immaculate Heart of Mary in [[Monona, Wisconsin]] was once again designated a shrine to Our Lady of the Green Scapular.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Shrine of Our Lady of the Green Scapular |url=https://pastorate26.com/shrine}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal| Catholicism }}
* [[Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel|Brown Scapular]]
* [[Blue Scapular of the Immaculate Conception|Blue Scapular]]
* [[Red Scapular of the Passion|Red Scapular]]
* [[Fivefold Scapular]]
* [[Miraculous Medal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20140210182727/http://www.stutler.cc/green_scapular/index.html Free printable images for making Green Scapulars]}}
* [http://ecommons.udayton.edu/finding_aid/52/ University of Dayton - Guide to the Marian devotional scapular collection]
* [https://www.greenscapular.com/ Society of the Green Scapular]
* Fr Marie Edouard Mott: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNHBPWG4tUA The Green Scapular and its favors.] - audiobook, Youtube.com

[[Category:Scapulars]]
[[Category:Catholic devotions]]
[[Category:Supernatural healing]]

Green Scapular - Revision history

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