imported>GrinningIodize: /* GUI wrappers */ Add unreferenced section template

2026-06-22T01:54:10Z

GUI wrappers: Add unreferenced section template

imported>Alexeyevitch: c/e

2026-03-12T23:32:16Z

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imported>Graham11: Changing short description from "User interface allowing interaction through graphical icons and visual indicators" to one that is intentionally blank

2025-11-12T05:33:30Z

Changing short description from "User interface allowing interaction through graphical icons and visual indicators" to one that is intentionally blank

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imported>OAbot: Open access bot: url-access updated in citation with #oabot.

2025-05-24T12:32:23Z

Open access bot: url-access updated in citation with #oabot.

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:32, 12 March 2026
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	{{Redirect\|GUI}}		{{Redirect\|GUI}}
	[[File:Example of a GUI.png\|thumb\|A graphical user interface (GUI) showing various elements: radio buttons, checkboxes, and other elements. The image shown uses the [[KDE]] [[desktop environment]].]]		[[File:Example of a GUI.png\|thumb\|A graphical user interface (GUI) showing various elements: radio buttons, checkboxes, and other elements. The image shown uses the [[KDE]] [[desktop environment]].]]
	A '''graphical user interface''', or '''GUI'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɡ\|u:\|i}},<ref>{{cite book \|last=Wells \|first=John \|author-link=John C. Wells \|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary \|publisher=Pearson Longman \|edition=3rd \|year=2009 \|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/pronunciation/english/gui\|title=How to pronounce GUI in English\|website=Cambridge Dictionary \|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref> {{Respell\|GOO\|ee}}; {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|dʒ\|iː\|j\|uː\|aɪ}}, {{Respell\|JEE\|YOO\|AI}}<ref>{{Cite MW\|GUI\|access-date=2024-12-07}}</ref>}}, is a form of [[user interface]] that allows [[user (computing)\|users]] to [[human–computer interaction\|interact with electronic devices]] through [[Graphics\|graphical]] [[icon (computing)\|icons]] and visual indicators such as [[secondary notation]]. In many applications, GUIs are used instead of [[text-based user interface\|text-based UI]]s, which are based on typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep [[learning curve]] of [[command-line interface]]s (CLIs),<ref name="computerhope.com">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000619.htm\|title=Command line vs. GUI\|website=Computer Hope \|language=en\|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|date=2007-03-12 \|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/mscom/the-gui-versus-the-command-line-which-is-better-part-1 \|title=The GUI versus the Command Line: Which is better? (Part 1) \|department=Microsoft.com Operations \|website=[[Microsoft Learn]] \|access-date=2024-01-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2007-03-26 \|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/mscom/the-gui-versus-the-command-line-which-is-better-part-2 \|title=The GUI versus the Command Line: Which is better? (Part 2) \|department=Microsoft.com Operations \|website=[[Microsoft Learn]] \|access-date=2024-01-30}}</ref> which require commands to be typed on a [[computer keyboard]].		A '''graphical user interface''', or '''GUI'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɡ\|u:\|i}},<ref>{{cite book \|last=Wells \|first=John \|author-link=John C. Wells \|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary \|publisher=Pearson Longman \|edition=3rd \|year=2009 \|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/pronunciation/english/gui\|title=How to pronounce GUI in English\|website=Cambridge Dictionary \|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref> {{Respell\|GOO\|ee}}; {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|dʒ\|iː\|j\|uː\|aɪ}}, {{Respell\|JEE\|YOO\|EYE}}<ref>{{Cite MW\|GUI\|access-date=2024-12-07}}</ref>}}, is a form of [[user interface]] that allows [[user (computing)\|users]] to [[human–computer interaction\|interact with electronic devices]] through [[Graphics\|graphical]] [[icon (computing)\|icons]] and visual indicators such as [[secondary notation]]. In many applications, GUIs are used instead of [[text-based user interface\|text-based UI]]s, which are based on typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep [[learning curve]] of [[command-line interface]]s (CLIs),<ref name="computerhope.com">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000619.htm\|title=Command line vs. GUI\|website=Computer Hope \|language=en\|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|date=2007-03-12 \|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/mscom/the-gui-versus-the-command-line-which-is-better-part-1 \|title=The GUI versus the Command Line: Which is better? (Part 1) \|department=Microsoft.com Operations \|website=[[Microsoft Learn]] \|access-date=2024-01-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2007-03-26 \|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/mscom/the-gui-versus-the-command-line-which-is-better-part-2 \|title=The GUI versus the Command Line: Which is better? (Part 2) \|department=Microsoft.com Operations \|website=[[Microsoft Learn]] \|access-date=2024-01-30}}</ref> which require commands to be typed on a [[computer keyboard]].

	The actions in a GUI are usually performed through [[direct manipulation interface\|direct manipulation]] of the graphical elements.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/graphical_user_interface.htm\|title=Graphical user interface\|website=ScienceDaily\|language=en\|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref><ref>Levy, Steven. "[https://www.britannica.com/technology/graphical-user-interface Graphical User Interface (GUI)]". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-12.</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia \|url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/44001/gui \|title=GUI \|access-date=2019-06-12\|encyclopedia=PC Magazine Encyclopedia. pcmag.com}}</ref> Beyond computers, GUIs are used in many handheld [[mobile device]]s such as [[MP3]] players, portable media players, gaming devices, [[smartphone]]s and smaller household, office and [[Distributed control system\|industrial controls]]. The term ''GUI'' tends not to be applied to other lower-[[display resolution]] [[User interface#Types\|types of interfaces]], such as [[video game]]s (where [[Heads-up display (video games)\|head-up displays]] (''HUDs'')<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20060203/wilson_01.shtml\|title=Off with Their HUDs!: Rethinking the Heads-Up Display in Console Game Design\|author=Greg Wilson\|year=2006\|work=[[Gamasutra]]\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119031340/http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20060203/wilson_01.shtml\|archive-date=January 19, 2010\|access-date=February 14, 2006}}</ref> are preferred), or not including flat screens like [[volumetric display]]s<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.linfo.org/gui.html \|title=GUI definition \|access-date=12 November 2008 \|work=Linux Information Project \|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> because the term is restricted to the scope of [[Two-dimensional Euclidean space\|2D]] display screens able to describe generic information, in the tradition of the [[computer science]] research at the [[PARC (company)\|Xerox Palo Alto Research Center]].		The actions in a GUI are usually performed through [[direct manipulation interface\|direct manipulation]] of the graphical elements.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/graphical_user_interface.htm\|title=Graphical user interface\|website=ScienceDaily\|language=en\|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref><ref>Levy, Steven. "[https://www.britannica.com/technology/graphical-user-interface Graphical User Interface (GUI)]". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-12.</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia \|url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/44001/gui \|title=GUI \|access-date=2019-06-12\|encyclopedia=PC Magazine Encyclopedia. pcmag.com}}</ref> Beyond computers, GUIs are used in many handheld [[mobile device]]s such as [[MP3]] players, portable media players, gaming devices, [[smartphone]]s and smaller household, office and [[Distributed control system\|industrial controls]]. The term ''GUI'' tends not to be applied to other lower-[[display resolution]] [[User interface#Types\|types of interfaces]], such as [[video game]]s (where [[Heads-up display (video games)\|head-up displays]] (''HUDs'')<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20060203/wilson_01.shtml\|title=Off with Their HUDs!: Rethinking the Heads-Up Display in Console Game Design\|author=Greg Wilson\|year=2006\|work=[[Gamasutra]]\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119031340/http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20060203/wilson_01.shtml\|archive-date=January 19, 2010\|access-date=February 14, 2006}}</ref> are preferred), or not including flat screens like [[volumetric display]]s<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.linfo.org/gui.html \|title=GUI definition \|access-date=12 November 2008 \|work=Linux Information Project \|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> because the term is restricted to the scope of [[Two-dimensional Euclidean space\|2D]] display screens able to describe generic information, in the tradition of the [[computer science]] research at the [[PARC (company)\|Xerox Palo Alto Research Center]].
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	The 1985 [[Atari ST]] shipped with the [[Graphics Environment Manager\|GEM]] GUI from [[Digital Research]], which was also published for [[MS-DOS]].		The 1985 [[Atari ST]] shipped with the [[Graphics Environment Manager\|GEM]] GUI from [[Digital Research]], which was also published for [[MS-DOS]].
	The [[Amiga 1000]] was released the same year, though not widely available until 1986, with the [[Workbench (AmigaOS)#Workbench 1.x\|Workbench]] graphical desktop. This interface ran as a separate task, meaning it was very responsive and, unlike other GUIs of the time, it ~~didn't~~ freeze up when a program was busy.		The [[Amiga 1000]] was released the same year, though not widely available until 1986, with the [[Workbench (AmigaOS)#Workbench 1.x\|Workbench]] graphical desktop. This interface ran as a separate task, meaning it was very responsive and, unlike other GUIs of the time, it did not freeze up when a program was busy.

	[[Windows 95]], accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign,<ref name="WinHype">{{cite news \|last=Washington Post \|title=With Windows 95's Debut, Microsoft Scales Heights of Hype \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/business/longterm/microsoft/stories/1995/debut082495.htm \|access-date=November 8, 2013 \|newspaper=Washington Post \|date=August 24, 1995}}</ref> was a major success in the marketplace at launch and shortly became the most popular desktop operating system.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/\|title=Computers {{!}} Timeline of Computer History {{!}} Computer History Museum\|website=www.computerhistory.org\|language=en\|access-date=2017-04-02}}</ref>		[[Windows 95]], accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign,<ref name="WinHype">{{cite news \|last=Washington Post \|title=With Windows 95's Debut, Microsoft Scales Heights of Hype \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/business/longterm/microsoft/stories/1995/debut082495.htm \|access-date=November 8, 2013 \|newspaper=Washington Post \|date=August 24, 1995}}</ref> was a major success in the marketplace at launch and shortly became the most popular desktop operating system.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/\|title=Computers {{!}} Timeline of Computer History {{!}} Computer History Museum\|website=www.computerhistory.org\|language=en\|access-date=2017-04-02}}</ref>
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	{{Commons category}}		{{Commons category}}
	* [http://www.slideshare.net/rajeshlal/evolution-of-user-interface-26414802 Evolution of Graphical User Interface in last 50 years] by Raj Lal		* [http://www.slideshare.net/rajeshlal/evolution-of-user-interface-26414802 Evolution of Graphical User Interface in last 50 years] by Raj Lal
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110816031619/http://www.computeractive.co.uk/pcw/pc-help/1925325/the-invented-gui The men who really invented the GUI] by Clive Akass		* {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816031619/http://www.computeractive.co.uk/pcw/pc-help/1925325/the-invented-gui \|title=The men who really invented the GUI \|date=2011-08-16}} by Clive Akass
	* [http://toastytech.com/guis/index.html Graphical User Interface Gallery], screenshots of various GUIs		* [http://toastytech.com/guis/index.html Graphical User Interface Gallery], screenshots of various GUIs
	* [http://www.guidebookgallery.org/ Marcin Wichary's GUIdebook], Graphical User Interface gallery: over 5500 screenshots of GUI, application and icon history		* [http://www.guidebookgallery.org/ Marcin Wichary's GUIdebook], Graphical User Interface gallery: over 5500 screenshots of GUI, application and icon history
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040309225129/http://www.sitepoint.com/article/real-history-gui The Real History of the GUI] by Mike Tuck		* {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040309225129/http://www.sitepoint.com/article/real-history-gui \|title=The Real History of the GUI \|date=2004-03-09}} by Mike Tuck
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090605174302/http://www.nealstephenson.com/command/ In The Beginning Was The Command Line] by Neal Stephenson		* {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605174302/http://www.nealstephenson.com/command/ \|title=In The Beginning Was The Command Line \|date=2009-06-05}} by Neal Stephenson
	* ~~[http~~://~~citeseerx~~.~~ist~~.~~psu.edu~~/~~viewdoc~~/~~download?doi=10~~.1.1.~~103~~.~~5038&rep=rep1&type~~=~~pdf~~ 3D Graphical User Interfaces] (PDF) by Farid BenHajji and Erik Dybner, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University		* {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829214449/https://people.dsv.su.se/~johank/publications/others/FaridBenHajjiAndErikDybner/benhajjidybnerMSc.pdf \|title=3D Graphical User Interfaces \|date=2017-08-29}} (PDF) by Farid BenHajji and Erik Dybner, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University
	* [http://hdl.handle.net/10045/51725 Topological Analysis of the Gibbs Energy Function (Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Correlation Data). Including a Thermodinamic Review and a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Surfaces/Tie-lines/Hessian matrix analysis] – University of Alicante (Reyes-Labarta et al. 2015–18)		* [http://hdl.handle.net/10045/51725 Topological Analysis of the Gibbs Energy Function (Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Correlation Data). Including a Thermodinamic Review and a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Surfaces/Tie-lines/Hessian matrix analysis] – University of Alicante (Reyes-Labarta et al. 2015–18)
	* [https://cllax.com/innovative-ways-to-use-information-visualization-across-a-variety-of-fields.html Innovative Ways to Use Information Visualization across a Variety of Fields] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620150613/https://cllax.com/innovative-ways-to-use-information-visualization-across-a-variety-of-fields.html \|date=2024-06-20 }} by Ryan Erwin Digital marketing specialist (CLLAX) (2022-05)		* [https://cllax.com/innovative-ways-to-use-information-visualization-across-a-variety-of-fields.html Innovative Ways to Use Information Visualization across a Variety of Fields] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620150613/https://cllax.com/innovative-ways-to-use-information-visualization-across-a-variety-of-fields.html \|date=2024-06-20 }} by Ryan Erwin Digital marketing specialist (CLLAX) (2022-05)

Graphical user interface - Revision history

imported>GrinningIodize: /* GUI wrappers */ Add unreferenced section template

imported>Alexeyevitch: c/e

imported>Graham11: Changing short description from "User interface allowing interaction through graphical icons and visual indicators" to one that is intentionally blank

imported>OAbot: Open access bot: url-access updated in citation with #oabot.