imported>Skjoldbro at 12:28, 16 March 2025

2025-03-16T12:28:45Z

New page

{{use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox military rank
| name = Grand general
| native_name = {{lang|id|Jenderal Besar}}
| image = 23-TNI Army-GA.svg
| image_size = 80
| alt =
| caption = Shoulder insignia
| country = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| service branch = {{army|Indonesia}}
| abbreviation =
| rank group = [[General officer]]
| rank = [[Five-star rank]]
| formation = 1997
| abolished = 2010
| lower rank = {{lang|id|[[General officer|Jenderal]]}}
| equivalents = {{lang|id|Laksamana besar}} {{small|(Navy)}}<br>{{lang|id|Marsekal besar}} {{small|(Air force)}}
| history =
}}

'''Grand general''' ({{langx|id|jenderal besar}}), was the highest rank of the [[Indonesian Army]]. It was the equivalent of [[grand admiral]] ({{lang|id|laksamana besar}}) and [[Grand marshal#Military|grand marshal]] ({{lang|id|marsekal besar}}) within the [[Indonesian military ranks|Indonesian Armed Forces ranking system]].<ref name="32pp">{{cite act |type=Government Regulation|index= 32|date=1997 |article=7 |article-type=Article |legislature=Government of Indonesia |title=Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 1997 Tentang Perubahan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 Tahun 1990 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia |trans-title= Government Regulation No 32 of 1997 on Amendement to Government Regulation No 6 of 1990 on Administration of Soldiers of the Republic of Indonesia Armed Forces|page= |url=http://www.bpkp.go.id/uu/filedownload/4/69/1362.bpkp |lang=id}}</ref> These ranks were honorary and did not confer additional authority or responsibility.<ref name="32pp"/>

==History==
The rank has been only awarded to three individuals, all in 1997, during the 52nd year anniversary of the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=NIAS Press|year=1999|isbn=8787062690|title=Indonesian Politics in Crisis: The Long Fall of Suharto, 1996-1998|page=104|first=Stefan|last= Eklöf}}</ref>

* [[Sudirman]], also styled Grand Commander ({{lang|id|panglima besar}}), the commander of the armed forces during the [[Indonesian National Revolution|war of independence]] and [[National Hero of Indonesia|a national hero]]. The rank was granted posthumously.
* [[Abdul Haris Nasution]], a national hero, twice appointed [[Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army|chief of staff of the army]], and a survivor of an assassination attempt in the [[30 September Movement|1965 coup attempt]].
* [[Suharto]], the second [[President of Indonesia]]. The rank was bestowed during his presidency.

As Government Regulation No. 32/1997, which established this rank, was revoked and replaced by Government Regulation No. 39/2010, which no longer includes the [[five-star rank]].<ref>{{cite act |type=Government Regulation |index= 39|date=2010 |article=80 |article-type=Article |legislature=Government of Indonesia |title=Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 2010 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia |trans-title= Government Regulation No 39 of 2010 On Administration of Soldiers of the Indonesian National Armed Forces |url=http://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/10pp039.pdf |lang=id}}</ref> Consequently, the rank may not be awarded anymore.

In January 2014, General [[Moeldoko]], then serving as [[Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces|Commander of the National Armed Forces]], briefly suggested awarding the rank to outgoing President [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] due to the latter's efforts in modernizing the military. Former service members sitting in parliament firmly rejected the suggestion, citing the aforementioned regulation, and in any case, Yudhoyono himself, while appreciating Moeldoko's gesture, ultimately refused to take the award, with [[Ministry of the State Secretariat|Minister of the State Secretariat]] [[Sudi Silalahi]] stating that the aforementioned efforts by Yudhoyono have since become a standard presidential duty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-10 |title=Usul SBY jenderal besar, Panglima TNI diminta jangan aneh-aneh |url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/usul-sby-jenderal-besar-panglima-tni-diminta-jangan-aneh-aneh.html |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=merdeka.com |language=id|first=Randy Ferdi|last=Firdaus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |editor-last=Nur Hakim|editor-first=Rakhmat |date=2021-03-29 |title=Saat SBY Tolak Usulan Gelar Jenderal Besar TNI dari Moeldoko… |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/03/29/11421671/saat-sby-tolak-usulan-gelar-jenderal-besar-tni-dari-moeldoko |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Highest Military Ranks}}

[[Category:Military ranks of Indonesia|Indonesia]]
[[Category:Indonesian Army]]

Grand general (Indonesia) - Revision history

imported>Skjoldbro at 12:28, 16 March 2025