imported>The Eloquent Peasant: Adding local short description: "British Christian missionary", overriding Wikidata description "Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman; British Anglican bishop and anti-apartheid campaigner in South Africa"

2024-09-28T02:10:04Z

Adding local short description: "British Christian missionary", overriding Wikidata description "Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman; British Anglican bishop and anti-apartheid campaigner in South Africa"

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{{Short description|British Christian missionary}}
{{For|another person|Graham Chadwick (footballer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Graham Chadwick
| honorific_suffix =
| title = [[Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman]]
| image =
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| archdiocese =
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| diocese = St Asaph's, Liverpool and Salisbury
| see =
| elected = 
| term = 1976-1982
| quashed = 
| predecessor = [[Philip Wheeldon]]
| successor = [[George Swartz]]
| opposed =
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1923|01|03}}
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2007|10|28|1923|01|03}}
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| nationality = British
| religion = [[Christianity|Christian]]
| residence =
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| spouse = Suzanne Tyrell
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| occupation = [[Missionary]]
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| education = [[Bishop Gore School]]
| alma_mater = [[School of Oriental and African Studies]]
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'''Graham Charles Chadwick''' (3 January 1923 – 28 October 2007) was a British Christian missionary in Lesotho (1953–1963; 1970–1976) and South Africa (1976–1982). On his election as Anglican [[Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman]] in 1976 he campaigned strongly against the racist apartheid policies of the South African government. As a result, he was expelled from South Africa in 1982 and returned to Britain. Afterwards he assisted in the dioceses of St Asaph's, Liverpool and Salisbury.

==Early life==
Chadwick was born into the large family of a [[railway signalman]]. When he was only ten years old, his father died, and his mother took her children to [[Swansea]].<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,2244605,00.html|title=Obituary: The Rt Rev Graham Chadwick|first=Richard|last=Eyre|authorlink=Richard Eyre|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=22 January 2008|pages=31–32|accessdate=2008-01-22}}</ref> Chadwick was educated in Swansea at the [[Bishop Gore School]].

When he left the school in 1939 at the age of sixteen, he was unsure of his vocation to ordination, and he spent the first three years of the [[World War II|Second World War]] maintaining station clocks on the railway line from Swansea to mid-Wales. In 1942 he joined the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, and once his linguistic talents were identified, he was appointed a [[midshipman]].<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/11/09/db0902.xml|title=The Right Reverend Graham Chadwick|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=12 November 2007|accessdate=2008-01-22}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> [[Japanese language]] training at the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] in London was followed by a posting to [[Sri Lanka]] and by an assignment as an intelligence officer to the [[Pacific War|Pacific theatre]], where he served on {{HMS|Indefatigable|R10|6}} and {{HMS|Formidable|R67|6}} and lost a close friend in a Japanese [[kamikaze]] attack. After [[VJ day]] he was involved in the interrogation of [[Japanese war criminals]] being held in Australian [[POW]] camps.<ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Times>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2858906.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524061946/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2858906.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 May 2011|title=The Right Rev Graham Chadwick: Bishop and vocal opponent of apartheid who was expelled from South Africa for his protests|work=[[The Times]]|date=13 November 2007|accessdate=2008-01-22 | location=London}}</ref> He left the navy with the rank of [[sub-lieutenant]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36430|page=1287|date=17 March 1944}}</ref>

==Early ministry in Swansea and Lesotho==
Even on leaving school he had felt a call to [[Holy Orders]],<ref name=Times /> and on demobilisation he decided to pursue this. On his first attempt to gain admission to [[Keble College, Oxford|Keble College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] he was told that his academic qualifications were insufficient, so he proceeded to teach himself sufficient [[Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Hebrew]] to gain admission, and eventually graduated with a second-class [[honours degree]] in [[theology]].<ref name=Telegraph />

He completed his training at [[St Michael's College, Llandaff]], and in 1950 was appointed to a [[curacy]] in [[Oystermouth]] in [[Swansea]].<ref name=Telegraph /> Here he met Suzanne Tyrell – whom he would marry in 1955.<ref name=Times /> He had begun to consider missionary work, and a chance meeting with [[John Maund (bishop)|John Maund]], [[Bishop of Lesotho]], led him to move to Lesotho in 1953.<ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Times /> He taught himself [[Sesotho]] on the voyage to [[Cape Town]], and for the next ten years ministered throughout Lesotho, covering up to 2000 miles a year on horseback.<ref name=Guardian /><ref name=Telegraph /> A major achievement of this period of ministry was the establishment of [[St Stephen's High School, Mohales Hoek]], still regarded as one of the finest schools in southern Africa.<ref name=Guardian /><ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Times /><ref name=Wales>{{cite news|url=http://www.churchinwales.org.uk/press/display_press_release.php?prid=4521 |title=Press Release: Requiem services gives thanks for life of bishop |work=[[Church in Wales]] website |first=Anna |last=Morrell |publisher=Church in Wales |date=6 November 2007 |accessdate=2008-01-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607042400/http://www.churchinwales.org.uk/press/display_press_release.php?prid=4521 |archivedate=7 June 2011}}</ref>

==Return to Britain==
In 1963 Chadwick returned to Britain, taking up a position as chaplain at [[University College of Swansea]] (then part of the federal [[University of Wales]]) for five years. Here he strongly influenced many students, amongst them one [[Rowan Williams]].

He then undertook a [[sabbatical]] year at [[Queen's College, Birmingham]], where he studied [[clinical psychology]].<ref name=Telegraph /> He also acted as the college's Senior [[Bursar]] during his year there, before undertaking a brief chaplaincy at [[St Thomas' Hospital]], London.<ref name=Times />

==Second period in Africa and anti-apartheid activism==
In 1970 Chadwick returned to Lesotho, where as Diocesan Missioner he was to build an [[ecumenical]] conference and training centre in [[Maseru]], with the aim of building racial equality and reconciliation.<ref name=Guardian /><ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Times />

After six years running the centre, the leadership skills he had demonstrated there saw him selected in 1976 as the next [[Anglican Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman|Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman]] in South Africa.<ref name=Guardian /><ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Times /><ref name=Wales /> He was enthroned in [[St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley|St Cyprian's Cathedral]], [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] in a service complete with fanfares from [[Salvation Army]] trumpeters.<ref name=ChurchTimes>{{cite news|url=http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/content.asp?id=47359|title=Obituary: The Right Revd Graham Charles Chadwick|work=[[Church Times]]|first=Thomas S.|last=Stanage|authorlink=Thomas Stanage|accessdate=2008-01-23}}</ref>

Chadwick was soon involved in a [[South Africa under apartheid|schools boycott]]. When many black African pupils refused to attend schools in protest against the compulsory teaching of [[Afrikaans]], he and the rest of the diocesan clergy encouraged students to complete their education, but also began to speak out against [[Apartheid]]. The [[South African Police]] accused clergy of maintaining links with the [[South African Students' Organisation]], and six clergy and diocesan youth workers were arrested. One of the youth workers, [[Phakamile Mabija]], a member of the [[Anglican Nomads Educational Group]], was arrested for allegedly vandalising public transport in [[Galeshewe]]. Chadwick was then out of the country so it was [[Thomas Stanage]], [[Dean of Kimberley]], who was first informed that Mabija had died after apparently falling from the seventh-floor of the police station. On his return Chadwick protested against the death (particularly after the inquest proved to be a whitewash) and against the continued detention of his clergy. He planted wooden crosses outside his cathedral for each day the detention continued, and encouraged the ringing of church bells in protest. Once the clergy were released, the Chadwicks were placed under police surveillance, responding by taking regular cups of tea out to the policemen watching their house.<ref name=Times /><ref name=ChurchTimes />

Chadwick continued to work closely with other senior South African clergy, including [[Desmond Tutu]] (then secretary of the [[South African Council of Churches]]), and to speak out against injustice. As a result, in 1982 the authorities refused to renew his work permit. At the time he was visiting the [[Bantustan|homeland]] of [[Bophuthatswana]] so found himself stranded there. At first he attempted to continue running his diocese from the Anglican hospital there, but it soon became clear that this was not a viable long-term option. He managed to return to Kimberley in order to conduct the [[Easter]] services, and in one final show of defiance, preached in both the local languages of Sesotho and [[Setswana]] and (for the benefit of the police), Afrikaans. The following day, he and his family were escorted to the airport and deported, watched by a large contingent of armed police with dogs, and 50,000 (mainly black) protesters.<ref name=Guardian /><ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Times /><ref name=Wales />

==Later ministry in Britain==
On his enforced return to Britain, Chadwick began working as a chaplain at [[St Asaph's Cathedral]] and as [[Diocese of St Asaph|diocesan]] [[spiritual direction|adviser on spirituality]].<ref name=Guardian /><ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Times /><ref name=Wales /> In 1985, with Father [[Gerard Hughes]] [[Society of Jesus|SJ]] and Sister Mary Rose Fitzsimmons he co-founded the [[Llysfasi Spirituality Workshop]] which developed an international influence.<ref name=Times /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://llysfasi-spirituality-workshop.org.uk/Llysfasi/llysfasi.html |title=Llysfasi, a process...developed over 20 years |publisher=Llysfasi Spirituality Workshop |year=2007 |accessdate=2008-01-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510031113/http://llysfasi-spirituality-workshop.org.uk/Llysfasi/llysfasi.html |archivedate=10 May 2007 }}</ref> He was also heavily involved in the [[l'Arche]] communities.<ref name=Times />

In 1990 Chadwick was persuaded by [[David Sheppard]], [[Bishop of Liverpool]] – himself well known for ecumenical work – to become an [[assistant bishop]] in the [[Anglican Diocese of Liverpool|Diocese of Liverpool]].

In 1995, at the age of 72, he moved for the last time, to [[Salisbury]] to take up the post of Director of Spirituality at the newly established [[Sarum College]], finally retiring in 1998.

Even in retirement he continued to offer personal counselling until the early part of 2007. After suffering a variety of health problems, he died on 28 October 2007, five minutes after receiving the [[Eucharist]].<ref name=Guardian /><ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Times /><ref name=Wales />

Chadwick's [[requiem mass|Funeral Mass]], celebrated by [[Rowan Williams]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], took place in [[Salisbury Cathedral]] on 5 November 2007. On 6 November there was a further Requiem Mass celebrated in the church at Oystermouth in Swansea, where Chadwick had served his curacy. This service was conducted by [[John Davies (bishop of St Asaph)|John Davies]], [[Bishop of St Asaph]]; with [[Anthony Pierce]], [[Bishop of Swansea and Brecon]]; and [[Saunders Davies]], retired [[Bishop of Bangor]], also in attendance. After this service, Chadwick was buried in Oystermouth cemetery.<ref name=Wales />

==Languages==
Chadwick is said to have been fluent in 11 languages,<ref name=Telegraph /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/lastword_16nov2007.shtml|title=News and Current Affairs: Last Word|first=Matthew|last=Bannister|authorlink=Matthew Bannister|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=16 November 2007|accessdate=2008-01-23}}</ref> but no source lists them all. They include English, Japanese, Sesotho, Setswana, Afrikaans, Hebrew, Latin and Greek.

==See also==
{{Portal|Christianity}}
*[[Trevor Huddleston]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/lastword_16nov2007.shtml
{{S-start}}
{{S-rel|sa}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Philip Wheeldon]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman]]|years=1976–1982}}
{{S-aft|after=[[George Swartz]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Bishops of Kimberley and Kuruman}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chadwick, Graham Charles}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Keble College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Anglican bishops of Kimberley and Kuruman]]
[[Category:Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:People educated at Bishop Gore School]]
[[Category:Academics of Sarum College]]
[[Category:20th-century Anglican Church of Southern Africa bishops]]
[[Category:Royal Navy officers of World War II]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Lesotho]]

Graham Chadwick - Revision history

imported>The Eloquent Peasant: Adding local short description: "British Christian missionary", overriding Wikidata description "Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman; British Anglican bishop and anti-apartheid campaigner in South Africa"