http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Graduation_towerGraduation tower - Revision history2026-05-11T01:42:19ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.1http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Graduation_tower&diff=3172569&oldid=previmported>Jaalke: /* Partial list of towns and cities with graduation towers */ Added Opole to the list of towns with towers2025-03-28T16:20:41Z<p><span class="autocomment">Partial list of towns and cities with graduation towers: </span> Added Opole to the list of towns with towers</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Structure used in the production of salt}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br />
[[File:Bad Kissingen - Gradierwerk - 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Bad Kissingen]], Germany]] <br />
[[File:Tężnia - Ciechocinek.JPG|thumb|[[Ciechocinek]], Poland]]<br />
[[File:Gradierwerk Bad Salzuflen Detail.jpg|thumb|Close-up view of brushwood with mineral deposits]]<br />
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A '''graduation tower''' (occasionally referred to as a '''thorn house'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thermarium.com/en/content/graduation_works |title=Graduation House |website=www.thermarium.com |accessdate=August 9, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810102238/http://www.thermarium.com/en/content/graduation_works |archivedate=August 10, 2014 }}</ref>) is a structure, used in the production of salt, that removes water from a saline solution by [[evaporation]], increasing its concentration of mineral salts. The tower consists of a wooden wall-like frame stuffed with bundles of brushwood (typically [[Prunus spinosa|blackthorn]]) that have to be changed every five to ten years, as they become encrusted with mineral deposits over time.<ref name="wa" /> The salt water runs down the tower and partly evaporates. At the same time, some minerals from the solution are left behind on the brushwood twigs.<br />
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Graduation towers can be found in a number of spa towns, primarily in [[List of spa towns in Germany|Germany]] but also [[List of spa towns in Poland|Poland]] and Austria. The mineral-rich water droplets in the air are regarded{{By whom|date=December 2020}} as having beneficial health effects similar to that of breathing in [[sea air]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}<br />
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Large graduation tower complexes are located in [[Ciechocinek]] and [[Inowrocław]], Poland.<ref name="wa">Affelt, Waldemar: ''[http://gilbert.aq.upm.es/sedhc/biblioteca_digital/Congresos/CIHC1/CIHC1_015.pdf Wooden masterwork of saline in Ciechocinek, Poland] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907193752/http://gilbert.aq.upm.es/sedhc/biblioteca_digital/Congresos/CIHC1/CIHC1_015.pdf |date=2011-09-07 }}'', in: Santiago Huerta (ed.): ''Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History: Madrid, 20th–24th January 2003'', Instituto Juan de Herrera, Madrid 2003, {{ISBN|84-9728-070-9}}</ref> Ciechocinek's entirely wooden construction was erected in the 19th century by [[Stanisław Staszic]]. The complex consists of three towers, with a total length of over 2&nbsp;km. Many tourists visit it for health reasons.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}<br />
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==Gallery==<br />
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<gallery><br />
File:Bad_Duerrenberg_Gradierwerk_S.jpg|Graduation tower in [[Bad Dürrenberg]]<br />
File:Gradierwerk.JPG|18th-century schematic<br />
File:Aerozol pod teznia.JPG|[[Aerosol]] at Ciechocinek facility<br />
File:Gradierwerk Bad Kreuznach 07.jpg|Graduation towers in [[Bad Kreuznach]]<br />
</gallery><br />
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==Partial list of towns and cities with graduation towers==<br />
[[File:Ciechocinek teznia 6.jpg|thumb|View from the top of the tower at [[Ciechocinek]], Poland]]<br />
[[File:Bad Dürkheimer Gradierwerk 21-04-2005.jpg|thumb|[[Bad Dürkheim]]]]<br />
[[File:Gradierwerk'RH.jpg|thumb|[[Bad Reichenhall]]]]<br />
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With years of initial construction where available. Does not include modern indoor facilities found in some spas.<br />
<br />
;France<br />
* [[Saulnot]] (16th century)<br />
* [[Arc-et-Senans]] (1775)<br />
<br />
;Germany<br />
*[[Bad Dürkheim]] (1736)<br />
*[[Bad Dürrenberg]]<br />
*[[Bad Essen]]<br />
*[[Bad Karlshafen]] (1986)<br />
*[[Bad Kissingen]] (16th century)<br />
*[[Bad Kreuznach]] (1732)<br />
*[[Bad Kösen]]<br />
*[[Bad Münster am Stein]] (1729)<br />
*[[Bad Nauheim]]<br />
*[[Bad Oeynhausen]]<br />
*[[Bad Orb]] (1806)<br />
*[[Bad Rappenau]] (2008)<br />
*[[Bad Reichenhall]] (1911)<br />
*[[Bad Rothenfelde]] (1777)<br />
*[[Bad Salzdetfurth]]<br />
*Bad Salzelmen (part of [[Schönebeck]], 1756)<br />
*Bad Salzhausen (around 1600)<br />
*[[Bad Salzuflen]] (18th century)<br />
*[[Bad Salzungen]]<br />
*[[Bad Sassendorf]]<br />
*Bad Soden (part of [[Bad Soden-Salmünster]], 2006)<br />
*[[Bad Sooden-Allendorf]]<br />
*[[Bad Staffelstein]]<br />
*Eibach (part of [[Dillenburg]], 2004)<br />
*[[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]] (2008)<br />
*[[Lüneburg]] (1907)<br />
*[[Rheine]] (''Saline Gottesgabe'') <br />
*[[Salzgitter-Bad]] (2009)<br />
*[[Salzkotten]]<br />
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;Poland<br />
*[[Busko-Zdrój]] (since 2022)<br />
*[[Ciechocinek]] (three towers: 1824 to 1859)<br />
*[[Chorzów]]<br />
*[[Gliwice]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gliwice.eu/wizytowka/ciekawe-miejsca/teznia-solankowa | title=Tężnia solankowa | date=22 September 2020 }}</ref><br />
*[[Gołdap]] (since 2014)<br />
*[[Grudziądz]] (since 2006)<br />
*[[Inowrocław]] (since 2001)<br />
*[[Katowice]] (since 2018)<br />
*[[Konstancin-Jeziorna]] (since 1978)<br />
*[[Kraków]] (two towers: in Nowa Huta and Bagry districts, since 2021)<br />
*[[Latoszyn]]<br />
*[[Opole]] (since 2023)<br />
*[[Radlin, Silesian Voivodeship|Radlin]] (since 2014)<br />
*[[Radomsko]] (since 2022)<br />
*[[Rabka-Zdrój]]<br />
*[[Rymanów-Zdrój]]<br />
*[[Świnoujście]] (since June 2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swinoujscie.pl/pl/news/content/16538 |title=Graduation towers started on the promenade |website=www.swinoujscie.pl |accessdate=May 11, 2024}}</ref> <br />
*[[Tarnów]]<br />
*[[Ustka]] (since July 2020)<br />
*[[Wieliczka]] (since 2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visitmalopolska.pl/en_GB/obiekt/-/poi/teznia-solankowa-wieliczka |title=The Brine Graduation Tower Wieliczka |website=www.visitmalopolska.pl |accessdate=September 19, 2022}}</ref> <br />
*[[Wysowa-Zdrój]]<br />
*[[Żory]] (since 2023)<br />
*[[Ząbki]] (since 2022)<br />
<br />
;Romania<br />
*[[Baile Figa]] (2020)<br />
<br />
;United Kingdom<br />
*[[Ayr]] (2019)<ref>{{cite web |title=Company brings back salt-making in Scotland using ancient technique |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19125188.company-brings-back-salt-making-scotland/ |website=The National |access-date=4 June 2023}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
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{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{Commons-inline|Category:Graduation towers|Graduation towers}}<br />
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{{Salt topics}}<br />
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__NOTOC__<br />
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{{portal bar|Food}}<br />
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{{authority control}}<br />
[[Category:Mining equipment]]<br />
[[Category:Salt production]]</div>imported>Jaalke