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{{short description|10th-century Georgian monk}}
'''Giorgi Merchule''' ({{lang-ka|გიორგი მერჩულე}}) was a 10th-century [[Georgians|Georgian]] monk, [[List of Georgian calligraphers|calligrapher]] and writer who authored ''The Vita of Grigol Khandzteli'', a [[hagiography|hagiographic]] novel dealing with the life of the prominent Georgian churchman [[Saint|St.]] [[Grigol Khandzteli]] (Gregory of Khandzta) (759-861).

Giorgi was a monk at the [[Georgian Orthodox]] monastery of [[Khandzta]] in [[Tao-Klarjeti|Tao]] in what is now northeast [[Turkey]]. "Merchule" is not the surname of the author but rather an epithet loosely translated as "specialist in [[canon law]]" or perhaps "[[theologian]]" as posited by the Georgian literary scholar [[Pavle Ingoroqva]]. Giorgi's wide knowledge of contemporary canon and patristic literature is indeed evidenced by his work.<ref name="Tuite">[[Kevin Tuite]] (2007). [http://www.mapageweb.umontreal.ca/tuitekj/caucasus/IberoCaucasian.pdf The Rise and Fall and Revival of the Ibero-Caucasian Hypothesis], p. 24. ''Historiographia Linguistica'', 35 #1.</ref>

"The Vita of Grigol Khandzteli"<ref>Full title: "The work and career of the worthy life of our holy and blessed father Grigol the Archimandrite, builder of Xandzta and Shat’berdi, and with him the commemoration of many blessed fathers" (შრომაი და მოღუაწებაჲ ღირსად ცხორებისაჲ წმიდისა და ნეტარისა მამისა ჩუენისა გრიგოლისი არქიმანდრიტისაჲ, ხანძთისა და შატბერდისა აღმაშენებლისაჲ, და მის თანა ხსენებაჲ მრავალთა მამათა ნეტართაჲ; ''šromay da moḡuac’ebay ḡirsad cxorebisay c’midisa da net’arisa mamisa čuenisa grigolisi arkimandrit’isay, xanʒtisa da šat’berdisa aḡmašenebelisay, da mis tana qsenebay mravalta mamata net’artay'').</ref> was composed by Merchule in 951, ninety years after the death of its subject, and was somewhat expanded by the [[Bagrationi|Bagratid]] prince [[Bagrat II of Tao|Bagrat]] between 958 and 966. The work fell into oblivion until 1845 when the Georgian scholar Niko Chubinashvili came across an 11th-century copy of Merchule’s text at the library of the [[Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem]]. [[Nicholas Marr]] examined the manuscript in 1902 and published a scholarly edition in 1911 (Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии, VII, СПб., 1911). Since then, ''The Vita'' has undergone several critical editions, and in abridged and annotated form, it has become an essential component of the Old Georgian literature course taught in schools.<ref name="Tuite"/> Paul Peeters translated the work in [[Latin language|Latin]] in 1923 and [[David Marshall Lang]] published a paraphrased [[English language|English]] version in 1956.

Merchule's eloquent and imaginative prose is unsurpassed in Georgian hagiography. His work is not a traditional formal account of the saint’s life, but rather shows a characteristic interest in the surrounding world.<ref name="Baramidze">Baramidze, A.G., Gamezardashvili, D.M. (2001), ''Georgian Literature'', pp. 10-11. The Minerva Group, Inc., {{ISBN|0-89875-570-0}}.</ref> Merchule widened the range of patristic Georgian narrative to cover intimate details, rhetorical pleas and historical facts.<ref name="Rayfield">[[Rayfield, Donald]] (2000), ''[[The Literature of Georgia: A History]]'', p. 53. [[Routledge]], {{ISBN|0-7007-1163-5}}.</ref> Yet the popularity of ''The Vita'' does not stem from its literary merits alone. Written in the crucial period when the resurgent Bagratid dynasty, in close alliance with the church, mounted a struggle, ultimately successful, for the [[Unification of the Georgian realm|unification of Georgian lands]], the work articulates the idea of all-Georgian unity and [[autocephaly]] of the Georgian church. In one of the most-quoted passages of medieval Georgian literature, Merchule advances a definition of [[Kartli]] (a core ethnic and political unit that formed a basis for Georgian unification) based upon religious and linguistic considerations:
{{quote|არამედ ქართლად ფრიადი ქუეყანაჲ აღირაცხების, რომელსაცა შინა ქართულითა ენითა ჟამი შეიწირვის და ლოცვაჲ ყოველი აღესრულების ხოლო კჳრიელეჲსონი ბერძნულად ითქუმის, რომელ არს ქართულად: "უფალო, წყალობა ყავ," გინა თუ "უფალო, შეგჳიწყალენ."

And Kartli consists of that spacious land in which the [[liturgy]] and all [[prayer]]s are said in the Georgian language. But [only] the ''[[Kyrie|Kyrie eleison]]'' is said in [[Greek language|Greek]], [the phrase] which means in Georgian "Lord, have mercy" or "Lord, be merciful to us."|translated by [[Donald Rayfield]]; Rapp (2003), p. 437.<ref name="Rapp">Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts'', p. 437. Peeters Bvba, {{ISBN|90-429-1318-5}}.</ref>}}

''The Vita'' is also notable for its allusion to the Bagratids' [[Davidic]] origin. This is the first reference to the Bagratid [[Claim of the biblical descent of the Bagrationi dynasty|familial legend]] of the descent from the [[biblical]] [[David]] found in Georgian literary sources.<ref>[[Toumanoff, Cyril]]. Medieval Georgian Historical Literature (VIIth-XVth Centuries). ''Traditio'' 1 (1943): 139-182.</ref> Merchule himself, like the subject of his hagiography, energetically supports cooperation between the monarchy and the church, asserting that "where there is the honor of power, there is the likeness of God" (სადა არს პატივი მთავრობისაჲ, მუნ არს მსგავსებაჲ ღმრთეებისაჲ).<ref name="Eastmond">Eastmond, Antony (1998), ''Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia'', p. 9. Penn State Press, {{ISBN|0-271-01628-0}}.</ref>

Merchule might also have been engaged in [[hymn]]ography as indicated by a postscript in the manuscript of collection by the 10th-century hymnist Michel Modrekili.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Merchule, Giorgi}}
[[Category:Writers from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Christian hagiographers]]
[[Category:Christian monks from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:10th-century people from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Calligraphers from Georgia (country)]]

Giorgi Merchule - Revision history

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