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{{Short description|Class of British 0-4-2T, 0-4-4T and 4-4-0 locomotives}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox locomotive
|name=GWR 3521 class
|powertype=Steam
|designer=[[William Dean (engineer)|William Dean]]
|builder=[[Great Western Railway|GWR]] [[Swindon Works]]
|builddate = 1887–1889
|ordernumber = Lots 73, 76
|serialnumber = 1095–1114, 1117–1136
|whytetype= {{ubl|''Lot 73:'' [[0-4-2T]]|''Lot 76:'' [[0-4-2ST]]|''Loco 3560:'' [[0-4-4T]]}}
|gauge={{ubl|''Lot 73:'' {{Track gauge|56.5in|lk=on}}|''Lot 76:'' {{Track gauge|7ft0.25in|lk=on}} }}
|driverdiameter= {{convert|5|ft|0|in|3|abbr=on}}
|trailingdiameter= {{convert|4|ft|0|in|3|abbr=on}}
|wheelbase= {{convert|16|ft|6|in|2|abbr=on}}
|cylindersize= {{convert|17|x|24|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[Bore (engine)|dia]] × [[Stroke (engine)|Stroke]]
|operator=[[Great Western Railway]]
|fleetnumbers=3521–3540, 3541–3560
}}

The '''3521 Class''' were forty [[tank locomotive]]s designed by [[William Dean (engineer)|William Dean]] to haul passenger trains on the [[Great Western Railway]]. They were introduced as {{whyte|0-4-2|T}} locomotives in 1887, but were quickly altered to become {{whyte|0-4-4|T}}s to improve their running. Following two serious accidents they were further altered from 1899 to run as {{whyte|4-4-0}} [[tender locomotive]]s, in which form the last was withdrawn in 1934.

==Locomotives==
===0-4-2T standard gauge===
The first twenty locomotives were turned out in 1887 as {{whyte|0-4-2|T}} locomotives for services on the {{Track gauge|uksg|allk=on}} lines.
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
* 3521
* 3522
* 3523
* 3524
* 3525
* 3526
* 3527
* 3528
* 3529
* 3530
* 3531
* 3532
* 3533
* 3534
* 3535
* 3536
* 3537
* 3538
* 3539
* 3540
{{div col end}}

===0-4-2ST broad gauge===
In 1888 a further batch of twenty were ordered as {{whyte|0-4-2|ST}}s for the {{Track gauge|7ft0.25in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] lines in [[Devon]] and [[Cornwall]].
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* 3541 (1888 - 1890)
* 3542 (1888 - 1891)
* 3543 (1888 - 1891)
* 3544 (1888 - 1890)
* 3545 (1888 - 1891)
* 3546 (1888 - 1890)
* 3547 (1888 - 1891)
* 3548 (1888 - 1891)
* 3549 (1888 - 1891)
* 3550 (1888 - 1890)
* 3551 (1888 - 1890)
* 3552 (1888 - 1890)
* 3553 (1888 - 1890)
* 3554 (1889 - 1891)
* 3555 (1889 - 1890)
* 3556 (1889 - 1890)
* 3557 (1889 - 1891)
* 3558 (1889 - 1890)
* 3559 (1889 - 1890)
{{div col end}}

===0-4-4T broad gauge===
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = 3521 Class
| powertype = Steam
| whytetype = {{whyte|0-4-4|T}}
| driverdiameter = {{convert|5|ft|0|in|3|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|6|in|3|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|21|ft|4|in|2|abbr=on}}
| boiler =
| notes = Only changes are shown
}}

Due to the unsteady running of the {{whyte|0-4-2|ST}}s, the last of the order, 3560, was turned out in August 1889 as a {{whyte|0-4-4|T}} bogie side tank. The remainder of the class were altered to a similar layout over the following two years. 3560 was slightly different at this time, having a bogie that was {{convert|6|in|0|spell=in}} shorter and an overall wheelbase of {{convert|20|ft|4|in|2|abbr=on}}, rather than the {{convert|21|ft|4|in|2|abbr=on}} of the converted locomotives.
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* 3541 (1890 - 1892)
* 3542 (1891 - 1892)
* 3544 (1890 - 1892)
* 3545 (1891 - 1892)
* 3546 (1890 - 1892)
* 3548 (1891 - 1892)
* 3549 (1891 - 1892)
* 3550 (1890 - 1892)
* 3551 (1890 - 1892)
* 3552 (1890 - 1892)
* 3553 (1890 - 1892)
* 3554 (1891 - 1892)
* 3555 (1890 - 1892)
* 3556 (1890 - 1892)
* 3557 (1891 - 1892)
* 3558 (1890 - 1892)
* 3559 (1890 - 1892)
* 3560 (1889 - 1892)
{{div col end}}

===0-4-4T standard gauge===
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = 3521 Class
| powertype = Steam
| whytetype = {{whyte|0-4-4|T}}
| driverdiameter = {{convert|5|ft|0|in|3|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|6|in|3|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|21|ft|4|in|2|abbr=on}}
| boiler = GWR 2301
| cylindersize = {{convert|17|x|24|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[Bore (engine)|dia]] × [[Stroke (engine)|Stroke]]
| operator = [[Great Western Railway]]
| operatorclass = 3521 Class
| gauge = {{Track gauge|uksg|allk=on}}
| designer = [[William Dean (engineer)|William Dean]]
| builder = [[Great Western Railway]]
}}

The [[standard gauge]] {{whyte|0-4-2|T}}s were converted to {{whyte|0-4-4|T}}s in the same manner as the [[broad gauge]] locomotives, which were all eventually converted to standard gauge. By the end of 1892 the whole class of forty locomotives was to one standard design for the first time.
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* 3521
* 3522
* 3523
* 3524
* 3525
* 3526
* 3527
* 3528
* 3529
* 3530
* 3531
* 3532
* 3533
* 3534
* 3535
* 3536
* 3537
* 3538
* 3539
* 3540
* 3541 (1892 - )
* 3542 (1892 - )
* 3543 (1891 - )
* 3544 (1892 - )
* 3545 (1892 - )
* 3546 (1892 - )
* 3547 (1891 - )
* 3548 (1892 - )
* 3549 (1892 - )
* 3550 (1892 - )
* 3551 (1892 - )
* 3552 (1892 - )
* 3553 (1892 - )
* 3554 (1892 - )
* 3555 (1892 - )
* 3556 (1892 - )
* 3557 (1892 - )
* 3558 (1892 - )
* 3559 (1892 - )
* 3560 (1892 - 1899)
{{div col end}}

===4-4-0 standard gauge===
All forty {{whyte|0-4-4|T}} locomotives were rebuilt as {{whyte|4-4-0}} tender locomotives between 1899 and 1902. Twenty-six locos retained their parallel domed boilers while fourteen received new Standard No 3 parallel domeless boilers (later replaced by the taper barrel version of that type).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=John C. |title=Great Western locomotive design : a critical appreciation |date=1984 |page=45 |publisher=David & Charles |location=Newton Abbot [Devon] |isbn=0715386069}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=le Fleming |first=H.M. |editor-last=White |editor-first=D.E. |title=The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, part seven: Dean's Larger Tender Engines |date=October 1954 |publisher=[[Railway Correspondence and Travel Society|RCTS]] |location=Kenilworth |isbn=0-901115-18-5 |oclc=655235293 |pages=G45–G48 }}</ref> (Holcroft states that twenty-six received Standard No 3 boilers.)<ref>{{cite book|last=Holcroft|first=Harold |title=An Outline of Great Western Locomotive Practice 1837-1947 |year=1957 |publisher=Ian Allan Ltd |page=79 |author-link=Harold Holcroft |location=Shepperton }}</ref>

Holcroft<ref>{{cite book|last=Holcroft|first=Harold |title=An Outline of Great Western Locomotive Practice 1837-1947 |year=1971 |orig-year=1957 |publisher=Ian Allan Ltd |isbn=0-7110-0228-2 |page=78 |author-link=Harold Holcroft |location=Shepperton }}</ref> was of the opinion that the original inside and outside frames were modified whereas Le Fleming<ref>{{cite book|first=H. M. |last=le Fleming |title=The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, part seven: Dean's Larger Tender Engines|date=October 1954 |publisher=[[Railway Correspondence and Travel Society|RCTS]] |isbn=0-901115-18-5 |page=G45 |editor-last=White |editor-first=D.E. |location=Kenilworth }}</ref> was of the opinion that new inside frames would have been required. However as the modification also increased the coupled wheelbase from {{cvt|7|ft|4|in|m}} to {{cvt|8|ft|6|in|m}}, it is unlikely that much of the original framing was re-used.

Two locomotives, 3521 and 3546, were sold to the [[Cambrian Railways]] in August 1921 to replace locomotives destroyed in the [[Abermule train collision|Abermule accident]]. They were allocated [[Cambrian Railways 4-4-0 locomotives#GWR 3521 class|Cambrian numbers 82 and 95]] respectively but these were never carried, the two locomotives being returned to the Great Western Railway with their original numbers when the two railways were amalgamated at the start of 1922.

==Accidents and incidents==
*On 13 April 1895, locomotives 3536 and 3537, hauling the ''Cornishman'', exceeded the speed limit by {{convert|24|mph|km/h}}, damaging the track. A passenger train hauled by 3521 and 3548 consequently derailed between {{rws|Doublebois}} and [[Bodmin Parkway railway station|Bodmin Road]], [[Cornwall]].<ref name=Trevena/>
*In 1898, locomotive 3542 derailed near [[Penryn railway station|Penryn, Cornwall]] whilst hauling a mail train. The locomotive rolled down an embankment, killing the driver. The accident was caused by a combination of the condition of the track and the locomotive oscillating. Following this the whole class was rebuilt as {{whyte|4-4-0}} tender locomotives.<ref name=Trevena>{{cite book |first=Arthur |last=Trevena |title=Trains in Trouble |volume=1 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Redruth |year=1980 |pages=10–11 |isbn=0-906899-01-X}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{RCTS-LocosGWR-1|year=1968}}
* {{cite book | title = The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, Part 2: Broad Gauge | publisher = The Railway Correspondence and Travel Society | isbn = 0-901115-32-0 |last=Reed |first=P.J.T. |editor-last=White |editor-first=D.E. |date=February 1953 |location=Kenilworth |oclc=650490992 }}
* {{cite book | last = Casserley | first = H.C. |author2=Johnston, S.C. | title = Locomotives at the Grouping: Great Western Railway | publisher = Ian Allan Publishing | year = 1966 | location = Shepperton | isbn = 0-7110-0555-9}}
* {{cite book | last = Russell | first = J.H. | title = A Pictorial Record of Great Western Engines, Volume 1 | publisher = Oxford Publishing Company | year = 1975 | location = Oxford | isbn = 0-86093-398-9}}
* {{cite book | last = Waters | first = Laurence | title = The Great Western Broad Gauge | publisher = Ian Allan Publishing | year = 1999 | location = Hersham | isbn = 0-7110-2634-3 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/greatwesternbroa0000wate }}

{{GWR Locomotives}}

[[Category:Great Western Railway locomotives|3521]]
[[Category:Broad gauge (7 feet) railway locomotives]]
[[Category:0-4-2T locomotives]]
[[Category:0-4-4T locomotives]]
[[Category:4-4-0 locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1887]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Scrapped locomotives]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives in the United Kingdom]]

GWR 3521 Class - Revision history

imported>Machine Man77: /* References */ Replacing categories