http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Friasian Friasian - Revision history 2026-06-02T04:47:57Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.1 http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Friasian&diff=8032573&oldid=prev imported>OAbot: Open access bot: url-access updated in citation with #oabot. 2025-05-21T17:20:30Z <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OABOT" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:OABOT">Open access bot</a>: url-access updated in citation with #oabot.</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|South American land mammal age (SALMA)}}<br /> The &#039;&#039;&#039;Friasian&#039;&#039;&#039; age is a period of [[geologic time]] (16.3–15.5 [[Mya (unit)|Ma]]) within the [[Early Miocene]] epoch of the [[Neogene]], used more specifically within the [[South American land mammal age|SALMA classification]] of South America. It follows the [[Santacrucian]] and precedes the [[Colloncuran]] age.&lt;ref&gt;[https://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&amp;interval_no=728 Paleo Database: Friasian]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> The age is named after the [[Río Frías Formation]] in the [[Magallanes Basin|Aysén Basin]], [[Patagonia]], [[Chile]].<br /> <br /> == Formations ==<br /> {{Location map+ | South America<br /> | relief = 1<br /> | width = 300<br /> | caption = Locations of Friasian formations<br /> | places =<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = 11.9468<br /> | lon_deg = -71.332222<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Castilletes Formation<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = -20.9<br /> | lon_deg = -66.3<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Cerdas Beds<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = -14.1<br /> | lon_deg = -75.7<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Chilcatay Formation<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = -37.7<br /> | lon_deg = -71.2<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Cura-Mallín Group<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = -40.4<br /> | lon_deg = -65.3<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Gran Bajo de Gualicho Formation<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = 8.6<br /> | lon_deg = -70.2<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Parángula Formation<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = -7.4<br /> | lon_deg = -75.0<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Pebas Formation<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = -42.3<br /> | lon_deg = -71.9<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Río Foyel Formation<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = 9.0 <br /> | lon_deg = -69.7<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 10<br /> | link = Río Yuca Formation<br /> }}<br /> {{Location map~ | South America<br /> | lat_deg = -44.6<br /> | lon_deg = -71.2<br /> | mark = Yellow pog.svg<br /> | marksize = 14<br /> | link = Río Frías Formation<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Formation&lt;br /&gt;{{small|bold is type}}<br /> ! Country<br /> ! Basin<br /> ! class=unsortable | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Río Frías Formation]]&#039;&#039;&#039; || {{CHL}} || [[Magallanes Basin#Aysén Basin|Aysén Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Marshall1990&gt;Marshall, 1990&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=MarshallSalinas1990&gt;Marshall &amp; Salinas, 1990&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Castilletes Formation]] || {{COL}} || [[Cocinetas Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Morenoetal_p7&gt;Moreno et al., 2015, p.7&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cerdas Beds]] || {{BOL}} || [[Altiplano Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Croft2016_p2&gt;Croft et al., 2016, p.2&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Chilcatay Formation]] || {{PER}} || [[Pisco Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=DelaCruz_p53&gt;De la Cruz, 2008, p.53&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Solis2018_p13&gt;Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.13&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cura-Mallín Group]] || {{CHL}} || [[Cura-Mallín Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Utge2009&gt;Utgé et al., 2009&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation]] || {{ARG}} || [[Colorado Basin, Argentina|Colorado Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Reichler2010_p181&gt;Reichler, 2010, p.181&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Parángula Formation]] || {{VEN}} || [[Barinas-Apure Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Paolillo_p2&gt;Paolillo &amp; Linares, 2007, p.2&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Pebas Formation]] || {{BRA}}&lt;br /&gt;{{COL}}&lt;br /&gt;{{ECU}}&lt;br /&gt;{{PER}} || [[Amazon Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Antoine2016_p56&gt;Antoine et al., 2016, p.56&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Wesselingh_p304&gt;Wesselingh et al., 2006, p.304&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Río Foyel Formation]] || {{ARG}} || [[Patagonian Andes]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Acosta2018_p442&gt;Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2018, p.442&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Acosta2013_p491&gt;Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2013, p.491&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Río Yuca Formation]] || {{VEN}} || [[Barinas-Apure Basin]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Rincon2016_p19&gt;Rincón et al., 2016, p.19&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> == Fossils ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Group<br /> ! Fossils<br /> ! Formation<br /> ! class=unsortable | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4 | Mammals || &#039;&#039;[[Abderites (genus)|Abderites aisenense]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Abderites (genus)|A. meridionalis]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Alloiomys|Alloiomys friasensis]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Astrapotherium|Astrapotherium hesperinum]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Borhyaena|Borhyaena tuberata]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Cladosictis|Cladosictis patagonica]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Megathericulus|Megathericulus friasensis]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Microbiotherium|Microbiotherium tehuelchum]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Parabderites|Parabderites bicrispatus]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Palaeothentes|Palaeothentes intermedius]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Palaeothentes|P. lemoinei]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Palaeothentes|P. minutus]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Pichipilus|Pichipilus halleuxi]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Pitheculites|Pitheculites rothi]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Prothylacinus|Prothylacinus patagonicus]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Prototrigodon|Prototrigodon rothi]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Sipalocyon|Sipalocyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Adinotherium|Adinotherium sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Homalodotherium|Homalodotherium sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Neonematherium|Neonematherium sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Nesodon|Nesodon sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Pachyrukhos|Pachyrukhos sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Phoenixauchenia|Phoenixauchenia sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Propalaehoplophorus|?Propalaehoplophorus sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Protypotherium|Protypotherium sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Prozaedyus|Prozaedyus sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Theosodon|Theosodon sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Trachytypotherium|Trachytypotherium sp.]]&#039;&#039;, [[Platyrrhini|Platyrrhini indet.]] || [[Río Frías Formation|Río&amp;nbsp;Frías]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=AbelloRubilar2012_p180&gt;Abello &amp; Rubilar, 2012, p.180&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=FWRioFriasRioFrias&gt;[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=176666 Río Frías] at [[Fossilworks]].org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=FWRioFriasAltoRioCisnes&gt;[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=139845 Alto Río Cisnes] at [[Fossilworks]].org&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;[[Lycopsis|Lycopsis padillai]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Hyperleptus|?Hyperleptus sp.]]&#039;&#039;, [[Astrapotheriidae]], [[Odontoceti]], [[Mysticeti]], [[Glyptodontidae]], [[Pampatheriidae]], [[Macraucheniidae]], [[Proterotheriidae]], [[Leontinidae]], [[Toxodontidae]], [[Interatheriidae]], [[Megatheriidae]], [[Dinomyidae]], [[Sirenia]], [[Sparassodonta]] || [[Castilletes Formation|Castilletes]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Suarezetal_p4&gt;Suárez et al., 2015, p.4&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Amson_p7&gt;Amson et al., 2016, p.7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=Morenoetal_p35&gt;Moreno et al., 2015, p.35&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;[[Hegetotherium|Hegetotherium cerdasensis]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Juchuysillu|Juchuysillu arenalesensis]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Llullataruca|Llullataruca cf. shockeyi]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Microtypotherium|Microtypotherium cf. choquecotense]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Protypotherium|Protypotherium cf. attenuatum]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Plesiotypotherium|&quot;Plesiotypotherium&quot; minus]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Palyeidodon|Palyeidodon obtusum]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Mcdonaldocnus|Mcdonaldocnus bondesioi]]&#039;&#039;, [[Borhyaenoidea|Borhyaenoidea indet.]], [[Euphractini|Euphractini indet.]], [[Lagostominae|Lagostominae indet.]], [[Macraucheniidae|Macraucheniidae indet.]], [[Megatheriinae|Megatheriinae indet.]], [[Mesotheriinae|Mesotheriinae indet.]], [[Peltephilidae|Peltephilidae indet.]], [[Uruguaytheriinae|Uruguaytheriinae indet.]] || [[Cerdas Beds|Cerdas]] || align=center | &lt;ref name=Cerdas&gt;[https://paleobiodb.org/classic?a=basicCollectionSearch&amp;collection_no=91435 Cerdas] in the [[Paleobiology Database]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=CerdasAtocha&gt;[https://paleobiodb.org/classic?a=basicCollectionSearch&amp;collection_no=204205 Cerdas-Atocha] in the [[Paleobiology Database]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;[[Adinotherium|Adinotherium sp.]]&#039;&#039;, [[Peltephilidae|Peltephilidae indet.]] || [[Río Yuca Formation|Río Yuca]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Rincon2016_pp6_10&gt;Rincón et al., 2016, pp.6-10&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3 | Reptiles || &#039;&#039;[[Chelus colombiana]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Chelonoidis|Chelonoidis sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Crocodylus|cf. Crocodylus sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Mourasuchus|cf. Mourasuchus sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Purussaurus|cf. Purussaurus sp.]]&#039;&#039;, [[Alligatoridae|Alligatoridae indet.]], [[Boidae|Boidae indet.]], [[Eusuchia|Eusuchia indet.]], [[Gavialoidea|Gavialoidea indet.]], [[Podocnemididae|Podocnemididae indet.]] || [[Castilletes Formation|Castilletes]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Morenoetal_p35/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=Moreno_p7_30&gt;Moreno Bernal, 2014, pp.7–30&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Cadena_p190_196&gt;Cadena &amp; Jaramillo, 2015, pp.190–196&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;[[Barinasuchus|Barinasuchus arveloi]]&#039;&#039; || [[Parángula Formation|Parángula]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=FWParangulaQuebradaSoco&gt;[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=113145 Quebrada Socó] at [[Fossilworks]].org&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;[[Purussaurus|Purussaurus sp.]]&#039;&#039; || [[Río Yuca Formation|Río Yuca]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Rincon2016_pp6_10/&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | Birds || [[Aves|Aves indet.]] || [[Castilletes Formation|Castilletes]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Morenoetal_p35/&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;[[Palaeospheniscus bergi]]&#039;&#039;, [[Spheniscidae|Spheniscidae indet.]] || [[Río Foyel Formation|Río Foyel]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=FWRioFoyel&gt;[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=152083 Cerro Plataforma] at [[Fossilworks]].org&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3 | Fish || [[Megalodon]], [[Characidae]], [[Serrasalmidae]], [[Sciaenidae]], [[Sparidae]], [[Sphyraenidae]], [[Ariidae]], [[Callichthyidae]], [[Doradidae]], [[Pimelodidae]], [[Carcharhinidae]], [[Hemigaleidae]], [[Sphyrnidae]], [[Lamnidae]], [[Otodontidae]], [[Dasyatidae]], [[Myliobatidae]], [[Rhinopteridae]], [[Ginglymostomatidae]], [[Pristiophoridae]], [[Pristidae]], [[Rhynchobatidae]], [[Rhynobatidae]], [[Lepidosirenidae]] || [[Castilletes Formation|Castilletes]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Morenoetal_p35/&gt;&lt;ref name=FWKaitamana&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170904203528/http://fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&amp;taxon_no=202672&amp;max_interval=Miocene&amp;country=Colombia&amp;is_real_user=1&amp;basic=yes&amp;type=view&amp;match_subgenera=1 Kaitamana] at [[Fossilworks]].org&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;[[Carcharodon hastalis]]&#039;&#039; || [[Río Foyel Formation|Río Foyel]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=FWRioFoyel/&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | &#039;&#039;[[Phractocephalus|Phractocephalus sp.]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Platysilurus|Platysilurus sp.]]&#039;&#039; || [[Río Yuca Formation|Río Yuca]] || {{center|&lt;ref name=Rincon2016_pp6_10/&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist|3}}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> ;Río Frías Formation<br /> * {{citation |last1=Abello |first1=María Alejandra |last2=Rubilar Rogers |first2=David |year=2012 |title=Revisión del género &#039;&#039;Abderites&#039;&#039; Ameghino, 1887 (Marsupialia, Paucituberculata) |url=http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/408/1134 |journal=[[Ameghiniana]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=164–184 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(408) |accessdate=2019-02-15|url-access=subscription }}<br /> * {{citation |last=Bellosi |first=Eduardo S. |year=2014 |title=Ambientes asociados a la fauna Friasense (Mioceno Medio) en Alto río Cisnes (Aysén, Chile) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267096621 |publisher=XIV Reuñión Argentina de Sedimentología |pages=40–41 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}<br /> * {{citation |last=Bostelmann |first=J.E. |year=2012 |title=The Alto Río Cisnes Fossil Fauna (Río Frías Formation, Early-Middle Miocene, Friasian SALMA): A keystone and paradigmatic vertebrate assemblage of the South American Fossil Record |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306123402 |publisher=III Simposio Paleontología en Chile |pages=44–45 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}<br /> * {{citation |last=Marshall |first=Larry G. |year=1990 |title=Fossil Marsupialia from the type Friasian land mammal age (Miocene), Alto Río Cisnes, Aisén, Chile |url=http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/viewFile/V17n1-a02/1570 |journal=[[Andean Geology|Revista Geológica de Chile]] |volume=17 |pages=19–55 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}<br /> * {{citation |last1=Marshall |first1=Larry G. |last2=Salinas |first2=Patricia |year=1990 |title=Stratigraphy of the Río Frías Formation (Miocene) along the Alto Río Cisnes, Aisén, Chile |url=http://www.rgeologica.equipu.cl/index.php/revista1/article/viewFile/1298/pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521021409/http://www.rgeologica.equipu.cl/index.php/revista1/article/viewFile/1298/pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 21, 2018 |journal=[[Andean Geology|Revista Geológica de Chile]] |volume=17 |pages=57–87 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}<br /> <br /> ;Castilletes Formation<br /> * {{citation |last1=Amson |first1=Eli |last2=Carrillo |first2=Juan D. |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos |year=2016 |title=Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange |url=http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Amson_et_al-2016_Sloth_Castilletes.pdf |journal=[[Palaeontology (journal)|Palaeontology]] |volume= |pages=1–20 |accessdate=2017-03-31}}<br /> * {{citation |last1=Cadena |first1=Edwin |author2-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Carlos |year=2015 |title=Early to middle Miocene turtles from the northernmost tip of South America: giant testudinids, chelids, and podocnemidids from the Castilletes Formation, Colombia |url=http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Cadena_2015_turtles_Castilletes_Ameghin.pdf |journal=[[Ameghiniana]] |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=188–203 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.10.11.2014.2835 |accessdate=2017-08-08 |author1-link=Edwin Cadena }}<br /> * {{citation |last1=Carrillo |first1=Juan D. |last2=Amson |first2=Eli |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos |last4=Sánchez |first4=Rodolfo |last5=Quiroz |first5=Luis |last6=Cuartas |first6=Carlos |last7=Rincón |first7=Aldo F. |last8=Sánchez Villagra |first8=Marcelo R. |year=2018 |title=The Neogene record of northern South American native ungulates |url=https://opensi.si.edu/index.php/smithsonian/catalog/book/172 |journal=[[Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology]] |volume=101 |pages=1–67 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}<br /> * {{citation |last1=Carrillo Briceño |first1=Jorge D. |last2=Argyriou |first2=Thodoris |last3=Zapata |first3=Vladimir |last4=Kindlimann |first4=René |author5-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |year=2016 |title=A New Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Elasmobranchii Assemblage from the la Guajira Peninsula, Colombia |url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/124206/1/AMGH.26.10.2015.pdf |journal=[[Ameghiniana]] |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=77–99 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.26.10.2015.2931 |accessdate=2017-08-08}}<br /> * {{citation |last1=Hendy |first1=Austin J.W. |last2=Jones |first2=Douglas S. |last3=Moreno |first3=Federico |last4=Zapata |first4=Vladimir |author5-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |year=2015 |title=Neogene molluscs, shallow marine paleoenvironments, and chronostratigraphy of the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia |url=https://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Hendy_2015_Castilletes_molluscs.pdf |journal=[[Swiss Journal of Palaeontology]] |volume=134 |issue=1 |pages=45–75 |doi=10.1007/s13358-015-0074-1 |bibcode=2015SwJP..134...45H |accessdate=2017-08-08}}<br /> * {{citation |last1=Moreno |first1=F. |last2=Hendy |first2=A.J.W. |last3=Quiroz |first3=L. |last4=Hoyos |first4=N. |last5=Jones |first5=D.S. |last6=Zapata |first6=V. |last7=Zapata |first7=S. |last8=Ballen |first8=G.A. |last9=[[Edwin Cadena|Cadena]], A.L. Cárdenas, J.D. Carrillo Briceño, J.D. Carrillo, D. Delgado Sierra, J. Escobar, J.I. Martínez, C. Martínez, C. Montes, J. Moreno, N. Pérez, R. Sánchez, C. Suárez, M.C. Vallejo Pareja, [[Carlos Jaramillo (geologist)|C. Jaramillo]] |first9=Edwin |year=2015 |title=Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia |url=http://wwwprof.uniandes.edu.co/~cmontes/CamiloMontes/Publications_files/moreno_etal_2015_Guajira__stratigraphy.pdf |journal=[[Swiss Journal of Palaeontology]] |volume=134 |issue=1 |pages=5–43 |doi=10.1007/s13358-015-0071-4 |bibcode=2015SwJP..134....5M |accessdate=2017-08-08}}<br /> * {{citation |last=Moreno Bernal |first=Jorge W |year=2014 |title=Fossil Crocodilians from the High Guajira Peninsula of Colombia, and the History of Neogene Crocodilian Diversity in Tropical South America |url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1050&amp;context=geoscidiss |publisher=[[University of Nebraska]] |pages=1–66 |accessdate=2017-08-08}}<br /> * {{citation |last1=Suárez |first1=Catalina |last2=Forasiepi |first2=AnalÍa M. |last3=Goin |first3=Francisco J. |author4-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last4=Jaramillo |first4=Carlos |year=2015 |title=Insights into the Neotropics Prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia |url=http://stri-sites.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Suarez_C_et_al_2016_Insights_into-the-Neotropics_prior-to-the_GABI.pdf |journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=e1029581 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2015.1029581 |hdl=11336/53653 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}<br /> <br /> ;Cerdas Beds<br /> * {{citation |last1=Croft |first1=Darin A. |last2=Carlini |first2=Alfredo A. |last3=Ciancio |first3=Martín R. |last4=Brandoni |first4=Diego |last5=Drew |first5=Nicholas E. |last6=Engelman |first6=Russell K. |last7=Anaya |first7=Federico |year=2016 |title=New mammal faunal data from Cerdas, Bolivia, a middle-latitude Neotropical site that chronicles the end of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum in South America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301689954 |journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=e1163574 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2016.1163574 |bibcode=2016JVPal..36E3574C |hdl=11336/49745 |accessdate=2019-02-12 |author1-link=Darin A. 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Gregory |last5=Nüñez Flores |first5=Mónica |year=2016 |title=A new Miocene vertebrate assemblage from the Río Yuca Formation (Venezuela) and the northernmost record of typical Miocene mammals of high latitude (Patagonian) affinities in South America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305953533 |journal=[[Geobios]] |volume=757 |issue=5 |pages=1–35 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2016.06.005 |bibcode=2016Geobi..49..395R |accessdate=2019-02-12}}<br /> <br /> {{SALMA}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Friasian| ]]<br /> [[Category:Miocene South America]]<br /> [[Category:Neogene Chile]]<br /> [[Category:Austral or Magallanes Basin|.016Friasian]]</div> imported>OAbot