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{{short description|American political activist and social reformer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Frank Moss
|image = Frank Moss c1890.jpg
|caption =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1860|3|16}}
|birth_place = [[Cold Spring, New York]], United States
|death_date = {{death date and age|1920|6|5|1860|3|16}}
|death_place = [[Manhattan, New York]], US
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|nationality =American
|other_names =
|known_for = Political activist and social reformer who served as assistant to District Attorney [[Charles S. Whitman]] during the Rosenthal murder trial
|education =
|alma_mater = [[New York City College]]
|employer =
|occupation = Attorney
|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|boards =
|spouse = Elva E. Bruce
|partner =
|children = 2
|parents =
|relations =
|signature = Signature of Frank Moss (1860–1920).png
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Frank Moss''' (March 16, 1860 – June 5, 1920) was an American lawyer, reformer and author. He was involved in many of the reform movements in [[New York City]] shortly before the start of the 20th century up until his death. As a longtime assistant to District Attorney [[Charles S. Whitman]], he was involved in several high-profile criminal cases such as the Rosenthal murder trial in which police detective [[Charles Becker]] was found guilty of murder and executed.

==Biography==
Frank Moss was born in [[Cold Spring, New York]] in 1860 and moved to [[New York City]] as a child. Attending [[New York City College]], he became involved in "vice crusades" and other reform movements while studying to pass the bar. Early in his legal career, he held important positions such as president of the [[City Vigilance League]] and president of the [[Society for the Prevention of Crime]]. He was also a member of the [[Union League Club]] and [[Republican Club]].<ref name="Article">{{cite news |title=Frank Moss Dies. Noted Prosecutor. Reformer and Once President of Police Board Had Been Ill Many Months. Was Whitman's First Aid. Conducted Trials of Gambler Rosenthal's Slayers and Won Fame In Lexow Investigation. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/120956279/frank-moss-dies-noted-prosecutor/ |quote=Frank Moss, known for a generation to New Yorkers as a lawyer, reformer and vigorous enemy of the criminal elements of the city, died last night at his residence, 23 East l27th Street, of heart disease after an illness of several months. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=23 |date=June 6, 1920 |access-date=2023-03-15 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

While council for Dr. [[Charles H. Parkhurst]], Moss helped police in closing down [[illegal gambling|gambling dens]] belonging to the [[On Leong Tong]] in [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Chinatown]]. Much of the information was supplied by [[Mock Duck]], a rival underworld figure of [[Tom Lee (criminal)|Tom Lee]] and the [[On Leongs]], and who quickly assumed control of these establishments after they were closed. In appreciation, [[Mock Duck]] replaced the traditional [[Joss (Chinese Statue)|joss]] in the [[Hip Sing Tong|Hip Sing Tong House]] with a crayon portrait of Moss.<ref>[[Herbert Asbury|Asbury, Herbert]]. ''The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the New York Underworld''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1928. (pp. 282–283) {{ISBN|1-56025-275-8}}</ref>

Moss first came to prominence during the [[Lexow Committee|Lexow]] and [[Mazet Committee|Mazet investigations]], as an associate and chief council respectively, where he established himself as an aggressive prosecutor and investigator. While cross-examining [[Tammany Hall]] leader [[Richard Croker]] during the Mazet inquiry, Moss was able to provoke him into stating the now famous statement admitting his corruption: "I am working for my pocket all the time, just like you, Mr. Moss".<ref name="Article"/>

In 1897, he succeeded [[Theodore Roosevelt]] as president of the [[New York City Police Commissioner|Board of Police Commissioners]]. In 1901, during [[Seth Low]] and [[William Travers Jerome]]'s campaign against the city's [[red light districts]], Moss famously addressed the court in a speech blaming Croker for the existence of [[sexual slavery|white slavery]] and [[forced prostitution]]. He and Jerome became close friends after the trial, Moss working tirelessly on the case to the point of exhaustion, however the two would later have a falling out when the two noted attorneys faced each other during the trial of John M. Wisker in 1902.<ref name="Article"/>

In the fall of 1909, Moss was unexpectedly chosen by District Attorney [[Charles S. Whitman]] to become his first assistant. Although Moss was a Republican, he was not a particular favorite of [[political machine|machine politics]] and [[Herbert Parsons (New York politician)|Herbert Parsons]], [[political boss]] of [[New York County]], was reportedly displeased with his appointment. While under Whitman, Moss successfully prosecuted the four members of the [[Lenox Avenue Gang]] accused of murdering gambler [[Herman Rosenthal (gambler)|Herman Rosenthal]]. It was partly on evidence gained at this trial that he was able to greatly assist Whitman in proving that police detective [[Charles Becker]] hired the four gunmen to kill Rosenthal resulting in his conviction and execution.<ref name="Article"/>

A devout churchgoer, Moss was an active member of the congregation of St. James Methodist Episcopal Church. He served on the board of directors for the New York Church Extension Society for a number of years and his son, Reverend Arthur Moss, was on the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Church. In November 1919, Moss underwent surgery at [[Roosevelt Hospital]] and suffered a relapse four months later from which he would never fully recover. In poor health for the last few months of his life, he died of heart disease at his East 127th Street home on the night of June 5, 1920.<ref name="Article"/>

He and his wife Elva E. Bruce had two children, Arthur and Elizabeth Moss.<ref name="Article"/>

==Bibliography==
*Moss, Frank. ''The American Metropolis from Knickerbocker Days to the Present Time'' (3 vols.). New York and London: The Authors' Syndicate, 1897.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Moss, Frank|year=1900}} Birth date and further information on ''The American Metropolis''.

==Further reading==
*Cohen, Stanley. ''The Execution of Officer Becker: The Murder of a Gambler, the Trial of a Cop, and the Birth of Organized Crime''. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2006. {{ISBN|0-7867-1757-2}}
*Fried, Albert. ''The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America''. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980. {{ISBN|0-231-09683-6}}
*Lardner, James and Thomas Reppetto. ''NYPD: A City and Its Police''. New York: Macmillan, 2001. {{ISBN|0-8050-6737-X}}
*Logan, Andy. ''Against the Evidence: The Becker-Rosenthal Affair''. New York: McCall Publishing Company, 1970.
*Mackenzie, Frederick A. ''Twentieth Century Crimes''. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1927.
*Root, Jonathan. ''One Night in July: The True Story of the Rosenthal-Becker Murder Case''. New York: Coward-McCann, 1961.
*Srebnick, Amy Gilman and René Lévy. ''Crime and Culture: An Historical Perspective''. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005. {{ISBN|0-7546-2383-1}}
*[[Cornelius Willemse|Willemse, Cornelius William]]. ''A Cop Remembers''. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1933.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moss, Frank}}
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Manhattan]]
[[Category:People from Harlem]]
[[Category:American male writers]]
[[Category:19th-century American lawyers]]

Frank Moss (lawyer) - Revision history

imported>BD2412: /* top */Clean up spacing around commas and other punctuation fixes, replaced: , → ,