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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Farradiyya
| native_name = الفرّاضية
| native_name_lang = ar
| other_name = Ferradheh,<ref name=Guerin456>Guérin, 1880, Galilee II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n496/mode/1up 456]</ref> al-Faradhiyyah, Ferradieh<ref>Palmer, 1881, [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/72/mode/1up p.72]</ref>
| settlement_type =

| image_skyline = Farradiyya village in Galilee.jpg
| imagesize = 250
| image_caption = General view of village Farradiyya

| pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location within [[Mandatory Palestine]] | image_map = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225}} | map_caption = A series of historical maps of the area around Farradiyya (click the buttons)
| pushpin_mapsize = 200
| coordinates = {{coord|32|55|54|N|35|25|42|E|type:city_region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name = [[Palestine grid|Palestine grid]]
| grid_position = 190/259

| subdivision_type = [[Geopolitical entity]]
| subdivision_name = [[Mandatory Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Districts of Mandatory Palestine|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine|Safad]]

| established_title1 = Date of depopulation
| established_date1 = February 1949<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR17 xvii], village #70. Also provides cause of depopulation.</ref>
| established_title2 = Repopulated dates

| unit_pref = dunam
| area_total_km2 = 20.0
| area_total_dunam = 19,947

| population_as_of = 1945
| population_total = 670<ref name=1945p9>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p09.jpg 9]</ref><ref name=Hadawi69>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Safad/Page-069.jpg 69].</ref>

| blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation
| blank_info_sec1 = Expulsion by [[Yishuv]] forces
| blank3_name_sec1 = Current Localities
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Parod]], [[Shefer]]
}}
'''Farradiyya''' ({{langx|ar|الفرّاضية}}, ''al-Farâdhiyyah'') was a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] [[Arab]] village of 670 located {{convert|8|km|mi|sp=us}} southwest of [[Safad]],<ref name="Khalidi">Khalidi, 1992, p.449.</ref> A Jewish settlement called 'Farod' was built atop the once ruined village.

Farradiyya was situated on the southern slopes of Mount Zabud with an average elevation of {{convert|375|m|ft|sp=us}} above sea level. The Safad-Nazareth highway ([[Route 866 (Israel)|Route 866]]) passed it to the north.<ref name="Khalidi"/> Its total land area was 19,747 [[dunam]]s, of which 25 dunams were built-up areas and 5,365 dunams cultivable.<ref name=Hadawi69/>

In 1949, a [[kibbutz]] named [[Parod]], after the village's ancient name, was founded nearby.

==History==

=== Classical antiquity ===
The site has been suggested as that of the 2nd century CE Jewish community of ''Farod'' (alt. sp. ''Pārud''), mentioned once in the [[Babylonian Talmud]] <small>(''Avodah Zarah'' 31a)</small>,<ref>Neubauer, 1868, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lagographiedutal00neub#page/275/mode/1up 275]; cited in Dauphin, 1998, p. 705</ref><ref>Leiber, 2009, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bsxkXam_QzwC&pg=PA117 117]–121.</ref> and the place of residence of [[tannaic]] scholar, [[Bar Kappara]].<ref>[[Rashi]] on ''Avodah Zarah'' 31a, s.v. '''פרוד'''.</ref> One Jewish tradition also places the burial site of Talmudic scholar [[Nachum Ish Gamzu]] on the main road as one approaches Farradiyya, where was once seen a large edifice made of hewn stones.<ref>Levi-Nahum, Yehuda (ed.), ''Sefer ṣohar le-ḥasifat ginzei teiman'' (ספר צהר לחשיפת גנזי תימן), Tel-Aviv 1986, s.v. chapter: Tombs of the forefathers and righteous [3], p. 252 (Hebrew)</ref>

=== Middle ages ===
Under the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], al-Farradiyya was a part of [[Jund al-Urdunn]] ("Province of Jordan").<ref>al-Muqaddasi quoted in le Strange, 1890, [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/39/mode/1up p.39].</ref> In 985 CE, [[Arab]] geographer [[al-Muqaddasi]] describes it as a large village between [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] and [[Tiberias]], with a mosque for Friday sermons. He added that water was plentiful, the surrounding country was pleasant, and there were abundant grapes and vineyards in the village.<ref>al-Muqaddasi quoted in le Strange, 1890, [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/439/mode/1up p.439].</ref>

===Ottoman era===
Farradiyya was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517, after being ruled by [[Crusades|Crusader]]s, [[Ayyubid]]s, and the [[Mamluk]]s. By the 1596 [[Defter|tax record]], it was a part of the ''[[nahiya]]'' ("subdistrict") of Jira, part of the [[Safad Sanjak]]. The village consisted of 40 households and 3 bachelors, an estimated 237 persons; all [[Muslim]]s. The villagers paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, fruits, beehives, goats, and pastures; a total of 5,200 [[akçe]].<ref name="Hut and Abd">Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 177. Partially quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.449, and in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 139]</ref><ref>Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420031504/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |date=2019-04-20 }} writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9</ref>

A map from [[French campaign in Egypt and Syria|Napoleon's invasion of 1799]] by [[Pierre Jacotin]] showed the place, named as "Farod".<ref>Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 166] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2019-12-22 }}</ref> In 1875 [[Victor Guérin]] noted the spring, Aïn Ferradheh, which had formerly driven several mills, but were now destroyed. He found the village to have about 150 Muslim inhabitants.<ref name=Guerin456/>

In 1881, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' described the village as being built of stone and with the inhabitants growing olives, figs, and tilling small gardens.<ref name="SWP">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/203/mode/1up 203]. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.449.</ref> The population was still estimated to be about 150.<ref name="SWP" /> Springs from Mount al-Jarmaq to the north provided most of the village's water supply, and a boys' elementary school was established during this period.<ref name="Khalidi" />

A population list from about 1887 showed that Farradiyya had about 455 Muslim inhabitants.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n199/mode/1up 174]</ref>

===British Mandate era===
After the [[United Kingdom|British]] took over Palestine from the Ottomans in 1917, Farradiyya became a part of the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate of Palestine]] in 1922. Under the Mandate, it had a thriving agriculture sector, and was known for its model experimental farm which covered 300 dunams of land. The farm was established to improve the variety of apples, apricots, almonds, figs, grapes, pears, and to develop new seed varieties. It had an [[arboretum]] where 2,000 plants were grown and distributed to local ''[[fellahin]]'', and the farm provided advice services to teach farmers from the Acre and Safad districts how to raise poultry and beehives. Apart from the farm, there were several water-powered mills in the vicinity of Farradiyya. The village was also the site of a shrine for a local religious leader named Shaykh Mansur.<ref name="Khalidi"/> A report from the village (before 1933) noted the [[Maqam (shrine)]] for Sheik Mansur as "a square building with arch and niche." The report also noted that there was a medieval arch in the cemetery.<ref>Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 139]</ref>

In the [[1922 census of Palestine]], the village had 362 Muslim residents,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Safad, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n43/mode/1up 41]</ref> rising to 465 in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]]; 464 Muslims and 1 Christian, in a total of 101 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 106]</ref>
[[File:VID 20190119 161003 faradiya3.webm|thumb|280x280px|Farradiya, winter 2019]]

The village was visited in 1933 by a representative from the [[Department of Antiquities of Mandatory Palestine|Department of Antiquities]], who reported that "A maqam known locally by the name of "Sheikh Manṣur" is standing in the main track leading to the village at a point about halfway between the village itself and the Govt. School for boys. It is a square room in a ruinous condition about 4m x 4m. The only part which is still to be seen in position is the northern wall -it consists of nine [[Course (architecture)|courses]] above the basement with an average of 27 cm height; each course; making a total of 2.45 m high. The N.E. corner as well as the middle of the wall have worn [[pilaster]]s with 1/2 inch projections. The bases and [[Capital (architecture)|capital]]s have simple mouldings. The top most course is made of moulded stones forming a [[cornice]]."<ref>PAM Makhouly 11.2.33/ ATQ 676. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J 139]</ref> The shrine of "Sheikh Manṣur" is thought to be that of Rabbi Tanḥum of Parod.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ben-Zevi |first=Ishak |title=The Grave of Rabbi Tanhum of Parod |journal=Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society |pages=16–20 |jstor=23721683|date=1933}} (Hebrew)</ref>

The British built here a [[Tegart fort|fortified police station]].

In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]] the population was 670 Muslims,<ref name=1945p9/> with a total of 19,747 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref name=Hadawi69/> Of this, 1,182 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 4,137 for cereals;<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Safad/Page-118.jpg 118]</ref> while a total of 25 dunams was built-up, or urban, area.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Safad/Page-169.jpg 169]</ref>

===1948 War and aftermath===
Farradiyya was captured by [[Israel]]'s [[Golani Brigade]] in [[Operation Hiram]] on October 30, 1948. It was not directly assaulted, but as the brigade advanced north from the Arab town of [[Eilabun]] in the south towards [[Sa'sa']] in the north, Farradiyya was surrounded by Israeli forces on all sides.<ref name="Khalidi"/>

Prior to its capture, in early May, Arabs from [[Akbara]] and az-Zahiriyya took refuge in the village. Because it was not assaulted, many of Farradiyya's residents remained in the village until February 1949. It was on December 15, 1948, that Israeli authorities decided to expel the remaining 261 inhabitants, but the plan was executed in February. Israeli forces evicted most of the villagers to other Arab villages in the [[Galilee]] under their control or to the northern [[West Bank]].<ref name="Khalidi"/>

In 1949, an Israeli kibbutz named [[Parod]], after the village's ancient name, was founded on village lands, {{convert|300|m|ft|sp=us}} east of the village site, and in 1950, the village of [[Shefer]] was established on Farradiyya's northern lands.<ref name="Khalidi2"/>

In 1992 the village site was described:<blockquote>
The site is deserted and covered with wild thorns, trees, and piles of stones from the destroyed homes. Cactuses grow on the land around the site, which is mostly utilized for grazing animals.<ref name="Khalidi2">Khalidi, 1992, p.450.</ref>
</blockquote>

===Archaeological finds===
Excavations conducted at the site in 1996 have revealed [[Dovecote|columbaria]] and burial caves (''kokhim'') dating back to the Early–Late [[Roman Era|Roman]] and Early [[Byzantine Era|Byzantine]] periods.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tal |first=Oren |title=Parod |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel |volume=110 |pages=7–9 |jstor=23472327|date=1999}}</ref> Ceramics have also been found here from the Byzantine era.<ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 705</ref> In 2010, a survey of the site was conducted by Cinamon Gilad and Baron Hendrik on behalf of the [[Israel Antiquities Authority]] (IAA).<ref>[[Israel Antiquities Authority]], [http://www.antiquities.org.il/m_digs_eng.aspx?shana=2010 Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2010], Survey Permit # A-5822</ref>

==See also==
*[[Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Farradiyya.jpg|Abandoned house in Farradiyya
File:Ancient walled structure in Parod - Farradiyya.jpg|Remains of ancient wall in Farradiyya
File:Broken wall at Parod - Farradiyya.jpg|Broken wall
File:Ancient wall of Parod - Farradiyya.jpg|Ancient walled structure in Farradiyya
File:Old wall in Farradiyya - Parod.jpg|Old wall
File:Farradiyya - Parod.jpg|Ruined house in Farradiyya
File:House in Farradiyya with Kh. Abu Sheba in background.jpg|Deserted house in Farradiyya, with the hilltop ruin of ''Khirbet Abu esh-Sheba'' seen in distance
File:Remains of house at Farradiyya.jpg|Village of Farradiyya
File:Ruined house - Farradiyya.jpg|Ruined house in Farradiyya
File:Village of Farradiyya.jpg|Farradiyya in Galilee
File:Walled structure in Farradiyya - Parod.jpg|Ancient walled structure
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|editor=Barron, J.B.|title=Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922|publisher=Government of Palestine|year=1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=1}}
*{{cite book | last = Dauphin | first = C. | author-link = Claudine Dauphin | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ | volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford | language = fr | isbn = 0-860549-05-4 }}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book |last1=Hütteroth|first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth
|first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah
|title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft |isbn=3-920405-41-2 }}
*{{cite journal|author = Karmon, Y.|title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine|url = http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|journal = [[Israel Exploration Journal]]|volume = 10|issue = 3,4|year = 1960|pages = 155–173; 244–253|access-date = 2015-04-18|archive-date = 2019-12-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|url-status = dead}}
*{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ|first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|publisher=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]|isbn=0-88728-224-5}}
*{{cite book | first1 = Uzi | last1 = Leibner | title = Settlement and History in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Galilee | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bsxkXam_QzwC | publisher = Mohr Siebeck | year = 2009 | isbn = 9783161498718 }}
*{{cite book|title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500|url=https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft|first=G.|last=Le Strange|author-link=Guy Le Strange|year=1890|publisher=Committee of the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|editor=Mills, E.|title=Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas|url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas|publisher=Government of Palestine|location=Jerusalem|year=1932}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=B. |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |isbn=0-521-00967-7 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
*{{cite book|last=Neubauer|first=A.|author-link=Adolf Neubauer|title=La géographie du Talmud : mémoire couronné par l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres|url=https://archive.org/details/lagographiedutal00neub|year=1868|publisher=Lévy|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|last=Petersen|first=Andrew|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)|url=https://www.academia.edu/21539664|volume=1|year=2001|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-727011-0}}
*{{cite book |last=Rhode |first=H. |author-link=Harold Rhode |date=1979 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845 |title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |access-date=2017-12-02 |archive-date=2019-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420031504/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite journal | last = Schumacher | first = G. | author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher | title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale/page/169 169]–191 | url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/Safad/al-Farradiyya/index.html Welcome to al-Farradiyya]
*[http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49433 al-Farradiyya], [[Zochrot]]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8367 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.04.jpg Wikimedia commons]
*[http://www.alnakba.org/villages/safad/farradiyya.htm al-Farradiyya], at [[Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center]]
*[http://www.villagesofpalestine.com/AlFarradiyya.htm Al-Farradiyya] Dr. Khalil Rizk.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928202610/http://www.palestine-studies.org/enakba/Memoirs/ "Memoirs" "Refugee Interviews"] in ''[[Journal of Palestine Studies]]'':
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20110718144428/http://www.palestine-studies.org/enakba/Memoirs/Said%2C%20Refugee%20Interviews.pdf "Refugee Interviews" special feature in 18, no. 1 (Aut. 88): 158-71. Featuring testimonies of witnesses of the fall of Farradiyyah, Acre,`Ayn Ghazal, and Umm al-Fahm.] pdf-file, downloadable
{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

[[Category:Arab villages depopulated after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War]]
[[Category:District of Safad]]
[[Category:Talmud places]]
[[Category:Forcibly depopulated communities of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]

Farradiyya - Revision history

imported>Dr vulpes: Adding {{pp-extended}}