False Dmitry II - Revision history

imported>Jprg1966: /* Biography */

2025-12-27T03:30:54Z

Biography

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:30, 27 December 2025
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{Infobox pretender		{{Infobox pretender
	\|name = Dmitry Ivanovich		\|name = Dmitry Ivanovich
	~~\|image = Pseudo-Dimitrij.jpg~~
	~~\|caption = A 17th century engraving depicting [[Cyrus the Great]] is often mistakenly used as a portrait of False Dmitry II~~
	\|birth_date = {{birth-date\|19 October 1582}} (claimed)		\|birth_date = {{birth-date\|19 October 1582}} (claimed)
	\|death_date = {{death date and age\|1610\|12\|21\|1582\|10\|19\|df=y}}{{efn\|His birthdate is claimed so he may not have been 28 when he died.}}		\|death_date = {{death date and age\|1610\|12\|21\|1582\|10\|19\|df=y}}{{efn\|His birthdate is claimed so he may not have been 28 when he died.}}
Line 20:		Line 18:
	\|footnotes =		\|footnotes =
	}}		}}
	'''False Dmitry II''' ({{langx\|ru\|Лжедмитрий II\|Lzhedmitrii II}}; died {{OldStyleDate\|21 December\|1610\|11 December}}),{{efn\|Other [[romanization of Russian\|romanizations]] of his name include '''Dmitri''', '''Dmitrii''', and '''Dmitriy'''.}} historically known as '''Pseudo-Demetrius II''' and also called {{Transliteration\|ru\|tushinsky vor}} ("the thief of [[Tushino]]"), was the second of three pretenders to the Russian throne ~~who claimed to be~~ [[~~Dmitry~~ of ~~Uglich\|Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich~~]], the youngest son of [[Ivan the Terrible]], ~~during the~~ [[~~Time~~ of ~~Troubles~~]]. The real Dmitry had died under uncertain circumstances, most likely an assassination in 1591 at the age of nine at his widowed mother's [[appanage]] residence in [[Uglich]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911\|inline=1 \|wstitle=Demetrius, Pseudo- \|display=Demetrius, Pseudo- s.v. 2\|volume=7 \|last= Bain \|first= Robert Nisbet \|author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain\|page=984}}</ref>		[[File:Pseudo-Dimitrij.jpg\|thumb\|A 17th-Century depiction of [[Cyrus the Great]] is often misinterpreted as a portrait of False Dmitry II. ]]
			'''False Dmitry II''' ({{langx\|ru\|Лжедмитрий II\|Lzhedmitrii II}}; died {{OldStyleDate\|21 December\|1610\|11 December}}),{{efn\|Other [[romanization of Russian\|romanizations]] of his name include '''Dmitri''', '''Dmitrii''', and '''Dmitriy'''.}} historically known as '''Pseudo-Demetrius II''' and also called {{Transliteration\|ru\|tushinsky vor}} ("the thief of [[Tushino]]"), was the second of three pretenders to the Russian throne during the [[Time of Troubles]] who claimed to be the youngest son of [[Ivan the Terrible]], [[Dmitry of Uglich\|Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich]]. The real Dmitry had died under uncertain circumstances, most likely an assassination in 1591 at the age of nine at his widowed mother's [[appanage]] residence in [[Uglich]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911\|inline=1 \|wstitle=Demetrius, Pseudo- \|display=Demetrius, Pseudo- s.v. 2\|volume=7 \|last= Bain \|first= Robert Nisbet \|author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain\|page=984}}</ref>

			==Biography==
	The second False Dmitry first appeared on the scene around 20 July 1607, at [[Starodub]]. He is believed to have been either a priest's son or a converted [[Jew]], and was relatively highly educated for the time. He spoke both the Russian and Polish languages and was something of an expert in [[liturgy\|liturgical matters]]. He pretended at first to be the Muscovite [[boyar]] Nagoy, but falsely confessed under torture that he was Tsarevich Dmitry, whereupon he was taken at his word and joined by thousands of [[Cossacks]], [[Polish people\|Poles]], and [[Grand Duchy of Moscow\|Muscovites]].<ref name="EB1911"/>		The second False Dmitry first appeared on the scene around 20 July 1607, at [[Starodub]]. He is believed to have been either a priest's son or a converted [[Jew]], and was relatively highly educated for the time. He spoke both the Russian and Polish languages and was something of an expert in [[liturgy\|liturgical matters]]. He pretended at first to be the Muscovite [[boyar]] Nagoy, but falsely confessed under torture that he was Tsarevich Dmitry, whereupon he was taken at his word and joined by thousands of [[Cossacks]], [[Polish people\|Poles]], and [[Grand Duchy of Moscow\|Muscovites]].<ref name="EB1911"/>

	Dunning states, "According tradition, the future 'Tsar Dmitry' was at the time of his 'discovery' a priest's servant and teacher who lived for some time in the town of Shklov in Belorussia." In the winter of ~~1606-7~~, unemployed and reduced to begging, Pan Miechowikci noticed the beggar looked similar to Dmitry, and eventually convinced the beggar to learn the role of the deceased prince. In May 1607, accompanied by two aides, the impostor crossed the border and made his way to Starodub.<ref name="cd">{{cite book \|last1=Dunning \|first1=Chester \|title=A Short History of Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty \|date=2004 \|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press \|location=University Park ~~\|isbn=0271024658~~ \|pages=247-}}</ref>		The historian Chester Dunning states, "According tradition, the future 'Tsar Dmitry' was at the time of his 'discovery' a priest's servant and teacher who lived for some time in the town of [[Shklov]] in Belorussia." In the winter of 1606–1607, unemployed and reduced to begging, Pan Miechowikci noticed the beggar looked similar to Dmitry, and eventually convinced the beggar to learn the role of the deceased prince. In May 1607, accompanied by two aides, the impostor crossed the border and made his way to Starodub.<ref name="cd">{{cite book \|last1=Dunning \|first1=Chester \|title=A Short History of Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty \|date=2004 \|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press \|isbn=0271024658 \|location=University Park \|pages=247, 260–262}}</ref>

	In 1608, following a peace agreement with King Sigismund, Tsar Vasilii agreed to release the father-in-law of [[False Dmitry I]], [[Jerzy Mniszech]], and his widow, [[Marina Mniszech]]. They soon joined the second false Dmitry's [[Tushino Camp\|camp in Tushino]], where she "recognized" her late husband in this second Dmitry. According to Dunning, "On the Tushino impostor's boyar council sat such powerful men as Mikhail G. Saltykov and Dmitrii Trubetskoi. They were soon joined by several of Tsar Dmitry's former courtiers, including Grigorii Shakhovskoi and Mikhail Molchanov. The Saltykov and Romanov families were by far the most influential Russians in Tushino. The arrival in Tushino of [[Jan Piotr Sapieha]] with seven thousand cavalrymen in August sped up rebel military activity."<ref name=cd/>~~{{rp\|260–262}}~~		In 1608, following a peace agreement with King Sigismund, Tsar Vasilii agreed to release the father-in-law of [[False Dmitry I]], [[Jerzy Mniszech]], and his widow, [[Marina Mniszech]]. They soon joined the second false Dmitry's [[Tushino Camp\|camp in Tushino]], where she "recognized" her late husband in this second Dmitry. According to Dunning, "On the Tushino impostor's boyar council sat such powerful men as Mikhail G. Saltykov and Dmitrii Trubetskoi. They were soon joined by several of Tsar Dmitry's former courtiers, including Grigorii Shakhovskoi and Mikhail Molchanov. The Saltykov and Romanov families were by far the most influential Russians in Tushino. The arrival in Tushino of [[Jan Piotr Sapieha]] with seven thousand cavalrymen in August sped up rebel military activity."<ref name=cd />

	He quickly captured [[Karachev]], [[Bryansk]], and other towns, was reinforced by the Poles, and in the spring of 1608 advanced upon Moscow, routing the army of [[Vasili IV of Russia\|Tsar Vasili Shuisky]] at [[Bolkhov]]. Promises of wholesale confiscation of the estates of the boyars drew many common people to his side. The village of [[Tushino]], twelve [[verst]]s from the capital, was converted into an armed camp where Dmitry gathered his army. His force initially included 7,000 Polish soldiers, 10,000 Cossacks and 10,000 other rag-tag soldiers, including former members of the failed [[Zebrzydowski Rebellion]]. His forces soon exceeded 100,000 men. He raised to the rank of [[patriarch]] another illustrious captive, [[Patriarch Filaret of Moscow\|Philaret Romanov]], and won the allegiance of the cities of [[Yaroslavl]], [[Kostroma]], [[Vologda]], [[Kashin (town)\|Kashin]] and several others.<ref name="EB1911"/>		Dmitry quickly captured [[Karachev]], [[Bryansk]], and other towns, was reinforced by the Poles, and in the spring of 1608 advanced upon Moscow, routing the army of [[Vasili IV of Russia\|Tsar Vasili Shuisky]] at [[Bolkhov]]. Promises of wholesale confiscation of the estates of the boyars drew many common people to his side. The village of [[Tushino]], twelve [[verst]]s from the capital, was converted into an armed camp where Dmitry gathered his army. His force initially included 7,000 Polish soldiers, 10,000 Cossacks and 10,000 other rag-tag soldiers, including former members of the failed [[Zebrzydowski Rebellion]]. His forces soon exceeded 100,000 men. He raised to the rank of [[patriarch]] another illustrious captive, [[Patriarch Filaret of Moscow\|Philaret Romanov]], and won the allegiance of the cities of [[Yaroslavl]], [[Kostroma]], [[Vologda]], [[Kashin (town)\|Kashin]] and several others.<ref name="EB1911" />
	[[Image:Tushino.jpg\|thumb\|275px\|Dmitry's camp at Tushino, by [[Sergey Ivanov (painter)\|Sergey Ivanov]].]]		[[Image:Tushino.jpg\|thumb\|275px\|Dmitry's camp at Tushino, by [[Sergey Ivanov (painter)\|Sergey Ivanov]].]]

	The arrival of King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] [[Siege of Smolensk (~~1609–11~~)\|at Smolensk]] caused a majority of ~~his~~ Polish supporters to desert him and join with the armies of the Polish king. At the same time, a [[De la Gardie campaign\|strong Russo-Swedish army]] under [[Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky]] and [[Jacob De la Gardie]] approached Tushino, forcing him to flee his camp disguised as a peasant and go to Kostroma, where Marina joined him and he lived once more in regal state. He made another unsuccessful attack on Moscow, and, supported by the [[Don Cossacks]], recovered a hold over all south-eastern Russia. However, he was killed, while half drunk, on 11 December 1610 by a [[Nogai Horde\|Tatar]] princeling, [[Peter Arslanovich Urusov\|Peter Urusov]], whom he had flogged.<ref name="EB1911"/> [[Hetman]] [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]] described this event in his memoirs:{{efn\|Żółkiewski had never met Dmitry, but relied on the information from his many sources. In his memoirs he also wrote that if False Dmitry II had anything in common with False Dmitry I, it was that ''they were both human beings''.}}		The arrival of King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] [[Siege of Smolensk (1609–1611)\|at Smolensk]] caused a majority of Dmitry's Polish supporters to desert him and join with the armies of the Polish king. At the same time, a [[De la Gardie campaign\|strong Russo-Swedish army]] under [[Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky]] and [[Jacob De la Gardie]] approached Tushino, forcing him to flee his camp disguised as a peasant and go to Kostroma, where Marina joined him and he lived once more in regal state. He made another unsuccessful attack on Moscow, and, supported by the [[Don Cossacks]], recovered a hold over all south-eastern Russia.

	{{blockquote\|Having drunk deep at dinner... he ordered a sleigh to be harnessed, taking flasks of mead to the sleigh. Coming out into the open country, he drank with some boyars. Prince Peter Urusov, together with those several score horsemen with whom he was in league, was riding after him, apparently escorting him. And when the imposter had drunk very well with the boyars, Urusov drew from his holster a pistol which he had ready, and galloping up to the sleigh first shot him with the pistol, then cutting off his head and hand with his saber, took to the road.}}		Dmitry was killed, while half drunk, on 11 December 1610 by a [[Nogai Horde\|Tatar]] princeling, [[Peter Arslanovich Urusov\|Peter Urusov]], whom he had imprisoned as he knew Dmitry had killed {{Interlanguage link\|Uraz-Muhammad Khan\|ru\|Ураз-Мухаммед}}.<ref name="EB1911" /> [[Hetman]] [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]] described this event in his memoirs:{{efn\|Żółkiewski had never met Dmitry, but relied on the information from his many sources. In his memoirs he also wrote that if False Dmitry II had anything in common with False Dmitry I, it was that ''they were both human beings''.}}

			{{blockquote\|Having drunk deep at dinner ... he ordered a sleigh to be harnessed, taking flasks of mead to the sleigh. Coming out into the open country, he drank with some boyars. Prince Peter Urusov, together with those several score horsemen with whom he was in league, was riding after him, apparently escorting him. And when the imposter had drunk very well with the boyars, Urusov drew from his holster a pistol which he had ready, and galloping up to the sleigh first shot him with the pistol, then cutting off his head and hand with his saber, took to the road.}}

	== See also ==		== See also ==

imported>Amanuensis Balkanicus: /* See also */ adding one

2025-06-24T13:43:20Z

imported>Frietjes at 15:22, 6 May 2025

2025-05-06T15:22:13Z

New page

{{Short description|Pretender to the Russian throne}}
{{Infobox pretender
|name = Dmitry Ivanovich
|image = Pseudo-Dimitrij.jpg
|caption = A 17th century engraving depicting [[Cyrus the Great]] is often mistakenly used as a portrait of False Dmitry II
|birth_date = {{birth-date|19 October 1582}} (claimed)
|death_date = {{death date and age|1610|12|21|1582|10|19|df=y}}{{efn|His birthdate is claimed so he may not have been 28 when he died.}}
|death_place =
|regnal =
|title = Pretended [[Tsar of Russia]]
|throne = [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]]
|pretend from = 1607
|relationship = Claimed to be [[Dmitry of Uglich|Dmitri Ivanovich]],{{efn|Also known as Dmitry of Uglich}} half brother of [[Feodor I]] and [[False Dmitry I]].
|father = [[Ivan the Terrible|Ivan IV]] (claimed)
|mother = [[Maria Nagaya]] (claimed)
|spouse = [[Marina Mniszech]]
|children = [[Tsarevich Ivan Dmitriyevich|Ivan Dmitriyevich]]
|predecessor = [[False Dmitry I]]
|successor = [[False Dmitry III]], [[False Dmitry IV]]{{efn|False Dmitry IV was active around the same time as False Dmitry III and may just be False Dmitry III because of bad record keeping.}} or [[Tsarevich Ivan Dmitriyevich|Ivan Dmitriyevich]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''False Dmitry II''' ({{langx|ru|Лжедмитрий II|Lzhedmitrii II}}; died {{OldStyleDate|21 December|1610|11 December}}),{{efn|Other [[romanization of Russian|romanizations]] of his name include '''Dmitri''', '''Dmitrii''', and '''Dmitriy'''.}} historically known as '''Pseudo-Demetrius II''' and also called {{Transliteration|ru|tushinsky vor}} ("the thief of [[Tushino]]"), was the second of three pretenders to the Russian throne who claimed to be [[Dmitry of Uglich|Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich]], the youngest son of [[Ivan the Terrible]], during the [[Time of Troubles]]. The real Dmitry had died under uncertain circumstances, most likely an assassination in 1591 at the age of nine at his widowed mother's [[appanage]] residence in [[Uglich]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Demetrius, Pseudo- |display=Demetrius, Pseudo- s.v. 2|volume=7 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain|page=984}}</ref>

The second False Dmitry first appeared on the scene around 20 July 1607, at [[Starodub]]. He is believed to have been either a priest's son or a converted [[Jew]], and was relatively highly educated for the time. He spoke both the Russian and Polish languages and was something of an expert in [[liturgy|liturgical matters]]. He pretended at first to be the Muscovite [[boyar]] Nagoy, but falsely confessed under torture that he was Tsarevich Dmitry, whereupon he was taken at his word and joined by thousands of [[Cossacks]], [[Polish people|Poles]], and [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovites]].<ref name="EB1911"/>

Dunning states, "According tradition, the future 'Tsar Dmitry' was at the time of his 'discovery' a priest's servant and teacher who lived for some time in the town of Shklov in Belorussia." In the winter of 1606-7, unemployed and reduced to begging, Pan Miechowikci noticed the beggar looked similar to Dmitry, and eventually convinced the beggar to learn the role of the deceased prince. In May 1607, accompanied by two aides, the impostor crossed the border and made his way to Starodub.<ref name="cd">{{cite book |last1=Dunning |first1=Chester |title=A Short History of Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty |date=2004 |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |location=University Park |isbn=0271024658 |pages=247-}}</ref>

In 1608, following a peace agreement with King Sigismund, Tsar Vasilii agreed to release the father-in-law of [[False Dmitry I]], [[Jerzy Mniszech]], and his widow, [[Marina Mniszech]]. They soon joined the second false Dmitry's [[Tushino Camp|camp in Tushino]], where she "recognized" her late husband in this second Dmitry. According to Dunning, "On the Tushino impostor's boyar council sat such powerful men as Mikhail G. Saltykov and Dmitrii Trubetskoi. They were soon joined by several of Tsar Dmitry's former courtiers, including Grigorii Shakhovskoi and Mikhail Molchanov. The Saltykov and Romanov families were by far the most influential Russians in Tushino. The arrival in Tushino of [[Jan Piotr Sapieha]] with seven thousand cavalrymen in August sped up rebel military activity."<ref name=cd/>{{rp|260–262}}

He quickly captured [[Karachev]], [[Bryansk]], and other towns, was reinforced by the Poles, and in the spring of 1608 advanced upon Moscow, routing the army of [[Vasili IV of Russia|Tsar Vasili Shuisky]] at [[Bolkhov]]. Promises of wholesale confiscation of the estates of the boyars drew many common people to his side. The village of [[Tushino]], twelve [[verst]]s from the capital, was converted into an armed camp where Dmitry gathered his army. His force initially included 7,000 Polish soldiers, 10,000 Cossacks and 10,000 other rag-tag soldiers, including former members of the failed [[Zebrzydowski Rebellion]]. His forces soon exceeded 100,000 men. He raised to the rank of [[patriarch]] another illustrious captive, [[Patriarch Filaret of Moscow|Philaret Romanov]], and won the allegiance of the cities of [[Yaroslavl]], [[Kostroma]], [[Vologda]], [[Kashin (town)|Kashin]] and several others.<ref name="EB1911"/>
[[Image:Tushino.jpg|thumb|275px|Dmitry's camp at Tushino, by [[Sergey Ivanov (painter)|Sergey Ivanov]].]]

The arrival of King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] [[Siege of Smolensk (1609–11)|at Smolensk]] caused a majority of his Polish supporters to desert him and join with the armies of the Polish king. At the same time, a [[De la Gardie campaign|strong Russo-Swedish army]] under [[Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky]] and [[Jacob De la Gardie]] approached Tushino, forcing him to flee his camp disguised as a peasant and go to Kostroma, where Marina joined him and he lived once more in regal state. He made another unsuccessful attack on Moscow, and, supported by the [[Don Cossacks]], recovered a hold over all south-eastern Russia. However, he was killed, while half drunk, on 11 December 1610 by a [[Nogai Horde|Tatar]] princeling, [[Peter Arslanovich Urusov|Peter Urusov]], whom he had flogged.<ref name="EB1911"/> [[Hetman]] [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]] described this event in his memoirs:{{efn|Żółkiewski had never met Dmitry, but relied on the information from his many sources. In his memoirs he also wrote that if False Dmitry II had anything in common with False Dmitry I, it was that ''they were both human beings''.}}

{{blockquote|Having drunk deep at dinner... he ordered a sleigh to be harnessed, taking flasks of mead to the sleigh. Coming out into the open country, he drank with some boyars. Prince Peter Urusov, together with those several score horsemen with whom he was in league, was riding after him, apparently escorting him. And when the imposter had drunk very well with the boyars, Urusov drew from his holster a pistol which he had ready, and galloping up to the sleigh first shot him with the pistol, then cutting off his head and hand with his saber, took to the road.}}

== See also ==
*[[False Dmitry I]]
*[[False Dmitry III]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[Bibliography of Russian history (1613–1917)]]
* [[Bibliography of Russian history (1223–1613)]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dmitry II, False}}
[[Category:1610 deaths]]
[[Category:False Dmitrys]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Russian murder victims]]
[[Category:Deaths by decapitation]]
[[Category:1580s births]]
[[Category:Impostors]]
[[Category:Vasili IV of Russia]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:43, 24 June 2025
Line 38:		Line 38:
	*[[False Dmitry I]]		*[[False Dmitry I]]
	*[[False Dmitry III]]		*[[False Dmitry III]]
			*[[Šćepan Mali]]

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==