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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Euphorbia prostrata.jpg
|status = {{TNCStatus}}
|status_system = TNC
|status_ref = <ref name="NatureServe">{{cite web |last1=NatureServe |title=''Euphorbia prostrata'' |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.137318/Euphorbia_prostrata |access-date=10 April 2024 |location=Arlington, Virginia |date=2024}}</ref>
|genus = Euphorbia
|species = prostrata
|authority = [[William Aiton|Aiton]]
|synonyms =
* ''Anisophyllum prostratum'' (Aiton) Haw.
* ''Aplarina prostrata'' (Aiton) Raf.
* ''Chamaesyce malaca'' Small
* ''Chamaesyce prostrata'' (Aiton) Small
* ''Chamaesyce villosior'' (Greenm.) Millsp.
* ''Euphorbia callitrichoides'' Kunth
* ''Euphorbia malaca'' (Small) Little
* ''Euphorbia perforata'' Guss.
* ''Euphorbia prostrata'' var. ''caudirhiza'' Fosberg
* ''Euphorbia prostrata'' var. ''vestita'' Engelm. ex Boiss.
* ''Euphorbia ramosa'' var. ''villosior'' Greenm.
* ''Euphorbia tenella'' Kunth
* ''Euphorbia trichogona'' Bertol.
* ''Tithymalus prostratus'' (Aiton) Samp.
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:101913-2 |title=Euphorbia prostrata Aiton |author= |date=n.d. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botantical Gardens |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref>
}}

'''''Euphorbia prostrata''''' is a species of [[Euphorbia|spurge]] known by the common name '''prostrate spurge''' or '''prostrate sandmat'''.

It is native to the [[Caribbean]] and certain parts of [[South America]]. It is widely [[introduced species|naturalized]] in many other parts of the world, where it can be found in varied habitat types and in many areas grows as a roadside weed.

==Description==
''Euphorbia prostrata'' is an annual herb producing slender prostrate stems up to approximately {{convert|20|cm}} long, sometimes purple-tinted in color.<ref>[http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.AP.FLORA.FZ7275&pgs=&cookieSet=1 Aluka Profile]{{dead link|date=July 2015}}</ref> The oval-shaped leaves are up to {{convert|1|cm|spell=in}} long with finely toothed edges.

The [[inflorescence]] is a [[cyathium]] less than {{convert|2|mm|spell=in}} wide, with white petal-like appendages surrounding the actual flowers. There are four male flowers and a single female flower, the latter developing into a lobed, hairy fruit {{convert|1|to|2|mm|spell=in}} wide.

''E. prostrata'' is similar to both ''[[Euphorbia maculata]]'' and ''[[Euphorbia serpens]]'', but is often hairy on the leaves and stems, while the latter two species are often smooth. It differs from ''E. maculata'' by its less elongated and less lanceolate leaves. ''E. serpens'' by contrast has much more rounded leaves than ''E. prostrata'' with relatively larger and more conspicuous flowers. The flowers of ''E. prostrata'' do not typically show the white "petals" seen in ''E. serpens'' or ''E. maculata'' and thus flowers are hard to detect in the former species. Only ''E. maculata'' shows dark spots in the center of each leaf, but this is not always present in that species.

==Medicinal use==
''Euphorbia prostrata'' extract has been found effective for treatment of bleeding [[hemorrhoids]] due to its contents of flavonoids, phenolics and phenolic acids.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bakhshi|first1=Girish D.|last2=Langade|first2=Deepak G.|last3=Desai|first3=Vidyadhar S.|title=Prospective, Open Label Study of Euphorbia Prostrata Extract 100 mg in the Treatment of Bleeding Haemorrhoids|journal=Bombay Hospital Journal|date=2008|volume=50|issue=4|pages=577–583|url=http://www.bhj.org/journal/2008_5004_october/download/page-577-583.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306014857/http://www.bhj.org/journal/2008_5004_october/download/page-577-583.pdf|archive-date=March 6, 2012|access-date=July 31, 2015}}</ref> ''Euphorbia prostrata'' extract tablets have been marketed in India and the US by [[Panacea Biotec]] Ltd.

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
| File:Euphorbia prostrata sl5.jpg
| Uprooted plant
| alt1=
| File:Euphorbia prostrata sl18.jpg
| Leaf with transmitted light
| alt2=
| File:Euphorbia prostrata sl22.jpg
| Inflorescence
| alt3=
| File:Euphorbia prostrata sl27.jpg
| Fruit
| alt4=
| File:Euphorbia prostrata sl29.jpg
| Seeds
| alt5=
| File:Euphorbia prostrata sl15.jpg
| Stem with stipules
|alt6=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Planta Medica 50:138, Research Paper:Authors MS Akhtar,QM Khan and T Kaliq: Effects of EUPHORBIA PROSTRATA along with FUMARIA PARVIFLORA in noemoglycaemic and alloxan treated hyper glycaemic rabbits as quoted in the book MAJOR HERBS OF AURVEDA: Edited by Elizabeth M Williamson and compiled by Dabur Research Foundation-Page 150-153.

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline|Euphorbia prostrata}}
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3618,3623,3643 Jepson Manual Treatment]
*[https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CHPR6 USDA Plants Profile]
*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Chamaesyce+prostrata Photo gallery]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1023705}}

[[Category:Euphorbia|prostrata]]
[[Category:Flora of the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Flora of northern South America]]
[[Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status]]

Euphorbia prostrata - Revision history

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