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{{Short description|Babylonian kings}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Elamite Dynasty
| common_name = seventh Babylonian Dynasty
| native_name =
| image_map = Mar-biti-apla-usur (dynastic chronicle).png
| image_map_caption = [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]]'s name in Akkadian cuneiform in the ''Dynastic Chronicle''
| capital = [[Babylon]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| year_end = c. 975 BC
| life_span = c. 980 BC — c. 975 BC
| year_start = c. 980 BC
| common_languages = [[Akkadian language]]
| title_leader = [[List of kings of Babylon|King]]
| year_leader1 = c. 980 BC
| leader1 = [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]] (first and last)
| event1 =
| date_event1 =
| event2 =
| date_event2 =
| today = [[Iraq]]
| era = [[Ancient History]]
}}

The '''Elamite dynasty''', also known as the seventh Babylonian dynasty, was a short-lived dynasty of [[Elam]]ite origin who ruled from the city of [[Babylon]] in the early 10th century BC. The dynasty's first and only ruler was [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]].

== History ==
[[File:Statue de Napir-Asu - Musée du Louvre - Antiquités orientales SB 2731 - photo 2.jpg|thumb|200px|Babylon and Elam had, by the time of the Elamite Dynasty, a long history of contacts. They were involved several times in [[royal intermarriage]], especially in the [[Kassite dynasty|Kassite period]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Potts |first1=D. T. |title=Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |date=April 2006 |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=111–119 |url=https://doi.org/10.1086/504986 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|doi=10.1086/504986 |s2cid=162371671 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The Babylonian princess married by [[Untash-Napirisha]] (himself the son of a Kassite princess) could be identified with [[Napir-Asu]], whose bronze statue is now at the [[Louvre]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lion |first1=Brigitte |last2=Michel |first2=Cécile |title=The Role of Women in Work and Society in the Ancient Near East |date=2016 |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |isbn=9781614519089 |page=419 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NYXDQAAQBAJ}}</ref>]]
Babylon's seventh dynasty, also known as the Elamite dynasty, was founded around 980 BC.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Berman |first1=Stephen |title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia |date=2005 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=9780195183641 |page=92 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC |quote=Mar-biti-apla-usur (ca. 975 B.C.E) Marbiti-apla-usur was the founder and, to his regret, sole member of Babylon's Seventh Dynasty, also known as the Elamite dynasty}}</ref><ref name="boda">{{cite book |last1=McConville |first1=G. |last2=Boda |first2=Mark J. |title=Dictionary of the Old Testament: Prophets A Compendium Of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship |date=2020 |publisher=IVP |isbn=9781789740387 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GfnDwAAQBAJ |quote=Babylonia was ruled by a succession of three brief and undistinguished dynasties: the Second Sealand Dynasty, the Bazi Dynasty and the Elamite Dynasty, taking us to approximately 980 BC (Arnold 2004, 79-81).}}</ref> It was the third of a series of very short lived Babylonian dynasties, namely the Second Sealand Dynasty, the Bazi Dynasty and the Elamite Dynasty.<ref name="boda"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Saggs |first1=H.W.F. |title=Babylonians |date=2000 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=9780520202221 |page=131 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdLxEyHci0C}}</ref> Its first and sole ruler was the [[Elam]]ite [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brinkman |first1=J. A. |title=Political history of Post-Kassite Babylonia (1158-722 b. C.) (A) |date=1968 |publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop |page=317 |quote=With the exception of Mar - biti - apla - usur, a Babylonian king of Elamite descent in the early tenth century, nothing more is heard of Elam until it sent troops to assist against the Assyrians at the battle near Dur}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Basmachi |first1=Faraj |title=Treasures of the Iraq Museum |date=1976 |publisher=Ministry of Information |page=83 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbJtAAAAMAAJ |quote=Elamite Dynasty ( Seventh Dynasty of Babylon ) This consisted of only the single reign of Mar - biti - apla - usur}}</ref> His [[regnal name]] was [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], which was the language spoken in Babylon at the time. However, since no known rulers of Elam are known to have carried Akkadian titles (though ''Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur'' was his ''Babylonian'' name, and his reign coincides with a blank period in Elamite political history), Brinkman has argued that he might not have been himself from Elam, nor the patrilineal descendant of an Elamite, but rather a Babylonian with some Elamite ancestor (possibly a king).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chen |first1=Fei |title=Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur |date=2020 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=9789004430921 |page=86 |quote=Mar-biti-apla-usur is the only king whose reign of 6 years consistuted an ephemeral dynasty, which is usually called the Elamite Dynasty. This might be due to the fact that the Dynastic Chronicle stated that he was a descendant of a certain Elamite. However, the truth might be that he was just "a Babylonian who could claim an Elamite (and possibly an Elamite king) among his ancestors".}}</ref>

=== Fall of the Dynasty ===
The dynasty's reign might have suffered Aramean incursions, because of which the [[Akitu|Akitu festival]] might have been suspended.<ref group=i>''Eclectic Chronicle'' (ABC 24) tablet BM 27859 line 16.</ref><ref>{{ cite book | title = The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1) | chapter = Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman |editor1=John Boardman |editor2=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4=E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1982 | page = 297 }}</ref> After his death, the dynasty's sole ruler Mar-biti-apla-usur was buried in the palace of [[Sargon of Akkad|Sargon]] as a “legitimate king.” This designation depends on the interpretation of ''ina'' É-GAL LUGAL(-)GI.NA ''qé.bir'', suggesting an interment suitable for a rightful king.<ref name="pkb">{{cite book | title = A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia 1158-722 B.C. (AnOr 43) | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Pontifium Institutum Biblicum | year = 1968 | pages = 155, 165–166 }}</ref>

== List of kings of the Elamite Dynasty ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|-
|style="background:#EAECF0;" |'''Name'''
|style="background:#EAECF0;" |'''Reign'''
|style="background:#EAECF0;" |'''Succession and notes'''
|style="background:#EAECF0;" |'''Ref'''
|-
|'''[[Mar-biti-apla-usur]]''' {{Transliteration|akk|Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur}}
|{{Circa}} 980 – 975 BC (6 years)
|First and last member of the dynasty
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beaulieu |first1=Paul-Alain |title=A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75 |date=2018 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |isbn=9781405188999 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rEJRDwAAQBAJ}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=i}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|Iraq|History}}

{{Ancient Mesopotamia}}
{{Early Rulers of Mesopotamia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elamite dynasty}}
[[Category:Babylonian dynasties]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]

Elamite dynasty - Revision history

imported>Shonagon at 13:06, 29 May 2025