imported>Smasongarrison: Removing from Category:17th-century German writers Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

2024-07-28T02:53:19Z

Removing from Category:17th-century German writers Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

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{{Short description|German physician (1612–1678)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
'''Daniel Zwicker''' (22 January 1612 – 10 November 1678) was a German physician from [[Danzig]], and a [[Socinian]] theologian and controversialist of the [[Polish Brethren]].

==Life==
He was the son of '''Friedrich Zwicker''', [[Lutheran]] minister of the [[Church of St. Bartholomew, Danzig|Church of St. Bartholomew]] at Danzig. He was educated for the medical profession at the [[University of Königsberg]] which he entered in 1629, and where he graduated with a [[Doctor's degree]]. [[Florian Crusius]] first influenced him in the direction of [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] theology.<ref>[[Robert Wallace (Unitarian)|Robert Wallace]], ''Antitrinitarian Biography'' (1850), article 311.</ref>

He met with considerable opposition, beginning with his brother '''Friedrich''' who had succeeded his father as minister. He left Danzig for [[Poland]]. Meeting some [[Hutterite]] missionaries from [[Slovakia]], around 1650, he spent time at [[Bruderhof]]s in the community of [[Andreas Ehrenpreis]]; but returned to Danzig.
He returned to [[Strassin]], where he lived for a while.

From 1657 he moved to the [[Netherlands]], and died in [[Amsterdam]].<ref>[http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc10/htm-old/0508=490.htm The New Schaff-Herzog]</ref>

==Works==
His main theological interest lay in patristics. His ''Irenicum Irenicorum'' (1658) attempted to reconstruct Christian theology before the [[Nicene Creed]].<ref>Arthur Middleton, ''Fathers and Anglicans: The Limits of Orthodoxy'' (2001), p. 245.</ref> Zwicker proposed that Christ's [[divinity]], the [[pre-existence of Christ]], and the [[incarnation]] were inventions of early heretics. It was attacked in detail by [[George Bull]]. Bull's biographer [[Robert Nelson (nonjuror)|Robert Nelson]] considered him an influential Unitarian, writing:

{{cquote|He was the first and most considerable of those Unitarian writers, which have fallen under the animadversion of Dr. Bull; for he was before [[Christopher Sandius|Sandius]], and both Sandius and Mr. [[Gilbert Clerke]] have but copied in a manner after this learned Dantzicker, as also the rest have done, that have engaged on that side of the controversy.<ref>Robert Nelson, ''The Life of Dr. George Bull, Lord Bishop of St. David's'' (1816 edition), pp. 314–5;[https://archive.org/details/a598513400nelsuoft online text].</ref>}}

He was criticized by [[Samuel Przypkowski]], and fell into controversy with [[Comenius|Jan Amos Komenský (Comenius)]]. Following [[David Blondel]]'s ''Joanna Papissa'' (1657) which disproved the historical reality of [[Pope Joan]] Zwicker criticized the ''Joanna Papissa restituta'' of [[Samuel Maresius|Samuel Desmarets (Maresius)]] anonymously, in a work published with those of [[Étienne de Courcelles]].

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Peter G. Bietenholz (1997). ''Daniel Zwicker (1612–1678). Peace, Tolerance and God the One and Only'', Florence: Olschki.

==External links==
* [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/Z957.html Zwicker, Daniel] in the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Zwicker, Daniel}}
[[Category:1612 births]]
[[Category:1678 deaths]]
[[Category:Antitrinitarians]]
[[Category:17th-century German physicians]]
[[Category:17th-century German Protestant theologians]]
[[Category:Polish Unitarian theologians]]
[[Category:Physicians from Gdańsk]]
[[Category:German emigrants to the Netherlands]]
[[Category:German male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:17th-century German male writers]]

Daniel Zwicker - Revision history

imported>Smasongarrison: Removing from Category:17th-century German writers Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot