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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{speciesbox
|image = Cuttsia viburnea 2329.jpg
|image_caption = ''Cuttsia viburnea''
|display_parents = 2
|genus = Cuttsia
|parent_authority = [[F.Muell.]]
|species = viburnea
|authority = [[F.Muell.]]
}}

'''''Cuttsia viburnea''''' is a shrub or bushy tree which has toothed leaves and panicles of white flowers, and that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to eastern Australia. It is sometimes called '''silver-leaved cuttsia''', and confusingly also '''native elderberry''', '''honey bush''' or '''native hydrangea''' (because these names are also used for other native Australian species).<ref name=NSW>{{cite web|url= http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Cuttsia|title= Genus Cuttsia|accessdate= 2008-09-10|author=|work= PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online|publisher= Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia}}</ref><ref name=TP>{{cite web|website= Toowoomba Plants|title= Cuttsia|date= 10 November 2014|url= http://toowoombaplants2008.blogspot.nl/2014/11/cuttsia.html|accessdate= 2016-04-04}}</ref> ''C. viburnea'' is the only species assigned to the genus '''''Cuttsia'''''.

==Description==
The silver-leaved cuttsia is a shrub or bushy tree of up to 15 m high. Its branchlets however are initially herbaceous and have conspicuous [[lenticel]]s. Young shoots and inflorescences have hairs that are flat against the surface. Leaves are alternately arranged along the stems. The [[Petiole (botany)|leaf stem]] is 1.5-4.5 cm long. The [[Leaf|leaf blades]] are hairless, soft and thin in texture, bright green and shiny above with a paler underside, oval with the widest point at or beyond midlength, 8–20 × 2–6.5 cm. Its foot gradually narrows into the leaf stem, the edge is uniformly toothed and each tooth ends in a gland, and its tip is pointed. The secondary veins emerge at about 45° from the main vein and strongly curve, with their ends parallel to the edge of the leaf.

The inflorescence is a multi-flowered [[panicle]] of 8–18 cm long. The symmetrical star-shaped flowers are [[Merosity|pentamerous]] and pleasantly honey scented. The five triangular green [[sepal]]s are less than 1 mm long. The five free white [[petal]]s are long inverted tear-shaped 3–4 mm long and have a pointy tip. The five narrow white [[Stamens#Morphology and terminology|filaments]] alternate with the petals and are topped with anthers shorter than the filament, that shed cream-colored [[pollen]]. Pollen is [[tricolpate]], triangular from a polar perspective and round from an equatorial perspective, about 20 μm, has a netted surface structure and is not shed in clusters of four but individually (microscope). On top of the yellowish disc sits a narrow white [[Style (botany)|style]] that has a [[Stigma (botany)|stigma]] with five lobes. Flowers can be found from October to December. The fruit is a green to light brown globose to ovoid [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] of 3–4 mm long, each [[locule]] of which opens separately. Seeds are minute and ovoid in shape.<ref name=NSW /><ref>{{cite web|website= Australasian Pollen and Spore Atlas|title= Cuttsia viburnea ESCALLONIACEAE|url= http://apsa.anu.edu.au/sample/117-2-1a?order=asc&sort=pic|accessdate= 2016-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website= Australian Tree Images|title= Tree Identification - Natives of the Australian East Coast- Part 3, C-D|url= http://www.allcreativedesigns.com.au/pages/galltrees3.html|accessdate= 2016-04-04}}</ref>

===Differences with related taxa===
''Cuttsia'' has white flowers with filaments longer than the anthers, a definite style and dry capsules, while ''[[Abrophyllum]]'' has creamy yellow flowers with filaments shorter than the anther, a seated stigma and the fruit is a berry that is black when ripe. In ''Cuttsia'' the ovary is superior, the stigma has five lobes and the seeds are small and ovate, while in ''[[Carpodetus]]'' the ovary is semi-inferior and topped by a conspicuous disc, the stigma is undivided and the seeds are angular, while the fruit is a black or greyish berry.<ref name=KLS />

==Taxonomy==
The genus and species were first formally described by botanist [[Ferdinand von Mueller]] in 1865 in ''[[Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=CUTTSIA|title= Cuttsia|accessdate= 2008-09-11|work= [[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI), IBIS database|publisher= Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra}}</ref>

===Modern classification===
''Cuttsia'' is most related to ''Abrophyllum'' and ''Carpodetus'' and these were joined in the Carpodetaceae. Recent genetic analysis showed a close relationship of this cluster with ''[[Roussea]]'', an endemic of Mauritius, and these now constitute the [[Rousseaceae]].<ref name=Lundberg>{{cite journal|first=Johannes|last= Lundberg|year= 2001|title= The Asteralean affinity of the Mauritian ''Roussea'' (Rousseaceae)|journal= [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]]|volume= 137|issue= 3|pages= 267–276|url= http://johanneslundberg.se/publications/pdfs/lundberg_2001.pdf|accessdate= 2016-03-17|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01122.x|doi-access= free}}</ref>

===Phylogeny===
The following tree represents the current insights in the relationships of ''Roussea'' with other taxa.<ref name=Lundberg />{{clade |style=lineheight:100%;
|1={{Clade
|1=family [[Campanulaceae]]
|2={{Clade
|label1=subfamily Rousseoideae
|1=''[[Roussea]]''
|label2=subfamily Carpodetoideae
|2={{Clade
|label1=
|1={{Clade
|1=''[[Abrophyllum]]''
|2='''''Cuttsia'''''
}}
|2=''[[Carpodetus]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}

==Distribution==
The silver-leaved cuttsia grows on the East-coast of Australia between [[Noosa Heads, Queensland]] and [[Newcastle, New South Wales]] and a few isolated locations in the mountains of Queensland.<ref>{{cite web|website= Atlas of Living Australia|title= Cuttsia viburnea: elderberry|url= http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:376768|accessdate= 2016-04-04}}</ref>

==Ecology==
The silver-leaved cuttsia occurs in subtropical and warm-temperate rainforest, and has a preference for locations with more light such as margins, regrowth, and along steams.<ref name=NSW /> The species is self-infertile.<ref name=TP /> The flowers produce nectar and are visited by an array of different insects.<ref name=KLS>{{citation|first1= M.H.G.|last1= Gustavson|year= 2007|contribution= Carpodetaceae|title= Flowering Plants·Eudicots·Asterales|volume= 8|series= The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants|editor1= Professor Dr. Joachim W. Kadereit|editor2= Charles Jeffrey|doi= 10.1007/978-3-540-31051-8|isbn= 978-3-540-31050-1}}</ref> Adults of the jewel beetle ''[[Calodema regalis]]'' are said to feed on ''Cuttsia''.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Hawkeswood|first= T.J.|year= 2006|title= Review of the biology and host plants of the Australian buprestid beetle Calodema regale (Gory & Laporte, 1838)(Coleoptera: Buprestidae)|journal= Calodema|volume= 7|page= 5|url= http://www.calodema.com/freefiles/303.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240806230502/http://www.calodema.com/freefiles/303.pdf|url-status= dead|archive-date= August 6, 2024|accessdate= 2016-04-04}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5197021}}

[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Asterales of Australia]]
[[Category:Monotypic Asterales genera]]
[[Category:Rousseaceae]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller]]

Cuttsia - Revision history

imported>GreenC bot: Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per :Category:All articles with dead external links - pass 3