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'''Cumbernauld Bond''' was a pledge between eighteen Scottish noblemen who met at [[Cumbernauld]] in August 1640 to defend Scotland against extreme [[Presbyterian]]s and to defend the [[National Covenant]] for the public good against those who used it predominantly for private gain.<ref>Also known as the '''Bond of Cumbernauld''' and the '''Cumbernauld Association''' or '''Association at Cumbernauld'''.</ref> At political level it was an agreement to oppose the policies of [[Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll|Earl of Argyll]] who controlled the dominant political faction in Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Buchan|first1=John|title=The Marquis of Montrose|date=1913|publisher=T. Nelson|location=London|pages=43–55|url=https://archive.org/stream/marquisofmontros00buchiala#page/42/mode/2up|accessdate=24 June 2017}}</ref> The most prominent pledger was the [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|Earl of Montrose]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Napier|first1=Mark|title=Memoirs of the Marquis of Montrose|date=1856|publisher=T.G. Stevenson|location=Edinburgh|pages=254ff|url=https://archive.org/stream/memoirsofmarquis01napiuoft#page/254/mode/2up/search/cumbernauld|accessdate=24 June 2017}}</ref> others included [[Lord Fleming]], the [[William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal|Earl of Marischal]], and [[James Livingston, 1st Earl of Callendar|Lord Almond]].<ref>Larry Smith [http://www.motherbedford.com/ScottishClanHistory09.htm Covenanters And Jacobites And Wars With England], [http://www.motherbedford.com/ Mother Bedford website]. Accessed 30 May 2008</ref><ref>Manganiello [https://books.google.com/books?id=an-eXXA3DBMC&dq=Cumbernauld+Bond&pg=PA144 p. 144]</ref>

The Earl of Argyll learnt of the Bonds existence from Lord Almond and on 13 April 1641 it was discussed by the Scottish [[Committee of Estates]]. Although many members of the Committee were eager to press treason charges against the pledgers, after Montrose and others appeared before them and testified to the bonds existence and tried to justify it, no action, beyond having the bond burnt on a written statement extracted from the pledgers that no evil had been intended, was taken.<ref name=Chambers-321>Hogg p.221</ref><ref>Chambers [https://books.google.com/books?id=klsLAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Cumbernauld+Bond+%22+Lord+Almond&pg=PA505 p. 505]</ref> Lord Almond, who had been appointed lieutenant-general of the Scottish army before the Committee's meeting, retained his position as the Covenanters did not want to emphasize division in their ranks.<ref>Stevenson, David. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16808 Livingston , James, first earl of Callendar (d. 1674)], Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessed 30 May 2008.</ref>

Although the Bond is often seen as a sign of the growing division between Argyll and Montrose, some of the signatories did go on to back the Covenanter side in the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Scottish Civil War]].<ref>Hastings, Max ''Montrose: The King's Champion''</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Robert Chambers. ''A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen''
*Hogg, James & Hughes, Gillian (2002). ''Tales of the Wars of Montrose'', Edinburgh University Press, {{ISBN|0-7486-6318-5}}.
*Stephen C. Manganiello (2004). ''The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660'', Scarecrow Press, {{ISBN|0-8108-5100-8}}.

[[Category:1640 in Scotland]]
[[Category:17th-century documents]]
[[Category:Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]

Cumbernauld Bond - Revision history

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