imported>Smasongarrison: Moving from Category:11th century in Serbia to Category:11th-century Serbian people Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

2024-09-23T02:29:44Z

Moving from Category:11th century in Serbia to Category:11th-century Serbian people Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

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{{Short description|11th-century Hungarian nobleman}}
{{About|the 11th century Hungarian nobleman|other uses}}
[[File:Csanád Érsekcsanád.JPG|thumb|250px|Bust of Csanád in [[Érsekcsanád]]]]
[[Image:Ahtum sermon03 01.png|thumb|250px|Ajtony's realm which was occupied by Csanád in the name of King Stephen I of Hungary]]
'''Csanád''',<ref name='Curta (2001)'>{{cite book | last = Curta | first = Florin | title = Transylvania around A.D. 1000}}</ref><ref name='Fügedi'>{{cite book | last = Engel | first = Pál | title = The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526}}</ref> also '''Chanadinus,'''<ref name='Curta (2006)'>{{cite book | last = Curta | first = Florin | title = Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250| year = 2006 | url = https://archive.org/details/1curtaFSoutheasternEuropeInTheMiddleAges5001250 }}</ref> or '''Cenad''',<ref name='Fügedi'/> was the first head ''(comes)'' of [[Csanád County]] in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in the first decades of the 11th century.<ref name='Kristó'>{{cite book | last = Kristó | first = Gyula (General Editor) | title = Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9-14. század)}}</ref>

Csanád defeated and killed [[Ajtony]] who had ruled over the region now known as [[Banat]] (in [[Romania]] and [[Serbia]]).<ref name='Curta (2006)'/> Csanád County and its capital ([[Cenad]], in Hungarian ''Csanád'') were named after him.<ref name='Kristó'/>

== Life ==
The [[Anonymus (notary of Béla III)|anonymous author]] of the 13th-century ''[[Gesta Hungarorum|Gesta Ungarorum]]'' states that Csanád was the nephew of King [[Stephen I of Hungary]] (1000/1001-1038)<ref name='Fügedi'/> ''(nepos regis)'' and his father's name was Doboka.<ref name='Kristó'/> According to the ''[[Long Life of St Gerard]]'', an early 14th-century compilation of different sources,<ref name='Curta (2006)'/> Csanád was a [[pagan]] in the service of Ahtum.<ref name='Fügedi'/>

Ahtum, whose residence was at ''“urbs Morisena”'' on the river [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]],<ref name='Fügedi'/> controlled traffic along the river and taxed transport of [[salt]]s from [[Transylvania]] to the heartland of Pannonia.<ref name='Curta (2006)'/> It was in relation to salt that Ahtum found himself in conflict with Stephen, the newly proclaimed king of Hungary.<ref name='Curta (2006)'/> According to the ''Long Life'', Csanád had been loyal to Ahtum, but later switched sides and at the head of a large army sent by King Stephen I eventually defeated and killed Ahtum.<ref name='Curta (2001)'/> Csanád was subsequently given substantial grants of land in the newly conquered territories of his former lord.<ref name='Curta (2001)'/>

At ''urbs Morisena'', which was given the name of Csanád, [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Szeged–Csanád|a Roman Catholic bishopric]] was immediately founded, and [[Gerard of Csanád|Gerard]], who had hitherto lived as a [[hermit]] in the forest of the [[Bakony]], was invited to be its first [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]].<ref name='Fügedi'/> By that time Csanád had been [[baptism|baptized]] and become the head of the [[Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)#Royal counties (late 10th century - late 13th century)|royal county]] ''(comitatus)'' organized around the fortress at Cenad.<ref name='Kristó'/> With Csanád's help, Bishop Gerard began his mission in the region and established a [[monastery]] dedicated to [[St George]] in a place later called ''Oroszlános'' ([[Banatsko Aranđelovo]], Serbia), most probably after the carved [[lion]]s decorating its gates<ref name='Curta (2001)'/> (''oroszlán'' is the Hungarian world for ‘lion’). The [[Byzantine Greeks|Greek]] [[Eastern Christian monasticism#Byzantine monasticism|monks]] of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] monastery which Ahtum had established at ''Morisena'' were also moved to make room for Gerard's newly established bishopric.<ref name='Curta (2001)'/>

Csanád was the ancestor of the ''genus Chanad/Sunad'' (Csanád kindred),<ref name='Kristó'/> the site of whose main holdings in [[Arad County (former)|Arad]], Csanád, [[Krassó-Szörény County|Krassó]] and [[Temes County|Temes]] counties demonstrated a quite remarkable continuity from the 11th to 14th centuries.<ref>{{cite book | last = Rady | first = Martyn | title = Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Ahtum]]
*[[Stephen I of Hungary]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Sources ==
*Curta, Florin: ''Transylvania around A.D. 1000''; ''in:'' Urbańczyk, Przemysław ''(Editor)'': ''Europe around the year 1000''; Wydawn. DiG, 2001; {{ISBN|978-83-7181-211-8}}
*Curta, Florin: ''Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages - 500-1250''; Cambridge University Press, 2006, Cambridge; {{ISBN|978-0-521-89452-4}}
*Engel, Pál: ''The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526''; I. B. Tauris, 2001, London&New York; {{ISBN|1-85043-977-X}}
*Georgescu, Vlad ''(Author)'' – Calinescu, Matei ''(Editor)'' – Bley-Vroman, Alexandra ''(Translator)'': ''The Romanians – A History''; Ohio State University Press, 1991, Columbus; {{ISBN|0-8142-0511-9}}
*Kristó, Gyula ''(General Editor)'' - Engel, Pál - Makk, Ferenc ''(Editors)'': Korai Magyar történeti lexikon (9-14. század) ''/Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th-14th centuries)/''; Akadémiai Kiadó, 1994, Budapest; {{ISBN|963-05-6722-9}} (the entry “Csanád” was written by László Szegfű).
*Rady, Martyn: ''Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary''; Palgrave (in association with School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London), 2000, New York; {{ISBN|0-333-80085-0}}

== External links ==
* [https://mek.oszk.hu/19800/19808/19808.pdf Original Latin text of the ''Gesta Hungarorum'' by P. Magister]
* [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/18975/1/18975.pdf English text of the ''Gesta Hungarorum'']
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=CBYVAAAAQAAJ&dq=Legenda+Sancti+Gerardi&pg=PR4-IA1 Latin writings and deeds of Saint Gerard of Csanád including the ''Legenda Maior'' on the events]
* [http://www.ehumana.hu/arpad/szoveg/eg08-1.htm ''Legenda Maior'' of Saint Gerard in Hungarian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726023616/http://www.ehumana.hu/arpad/szoveg/eg08-1.htm |date=2021-07-26 }}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Csanad}}
[[Category:11th-century Hungarian nobility]]
[[Category:History of Banat]]
[[Category:Romania in the Early Middle Ages]]
[[Category:11th-century Serbian people]]
[[Category:Csanád (genus)]]

Csanád - Revision history

imported>Smasongarrison: Moving from Category:11th century in Serbia to Category:11th-century Serbian people Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot