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Mission: clean up spacing around commas and other punctuation, replaced: ,s → 's

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'''Counterintelligence Field Activity''' ('''CIFA''') was a [[United States Department of Defense]] (DoD) agency whose size and budget were classified. The CIFA was created by a directive (Number 5105.67) from the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]], then [[Donald Rumsfeld]], on February 19, 2002.<ref>"[http://www.cifa.mil/Library%20and%20References/documents/CIFA%20Charter.pdf Department of Defense Counterintelligence Field Activity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028222418/http://www.cifa.mil/Library%20and%20References/documents/CIFA%20Charter.pdf |date=2008-10-28 }}". ''U.S. Department of Defense Directive Number 5105.67'', 19 February 2002.</ref> On August 8, 2008, it was announced that CIFA would be shut down.<ref>"[http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=234040&version=1&template_id=43&parent_id=19 Unit Created by Rumsfeld Shut Down] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224182009/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=234040&version=1&template_id=43&parent_id=19 |date=2012-02-24 }}". ''Gulf Times'', 6 August 2008.</ref> The [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA) absorbed most of the components and authorities of the CIFA into the Defense Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence Center,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=12106 |title=Release}}</ref> which was later consolidated into the [[Defense Clandestine Service]].

==Mission==
CIFA goals were:

* To effectively and efficiently manage and oversee the Defense Department counterintelligence enterprise.
* To synchronize Defense counterintelligence activities across the department, in coordination with the national intelligence community.
* To manage priority counterintelligence plans and projects in fulfillment of national, department and combatant commander requirements.
* To select and develop unique counterintelligence operational support capabilities and make them available to the wider intelligence community.
* To serve as the primary source of career development and training for counterintelligence professionals.
* To identify, develop and field advanced technologies for counterintelligence.
* To create a joint, interoperable and synchronized approach to counterintelligence as a distinct intelligence discipline.
* To assess the feasibility of a department-level joint operational element for Defense counterintelligence.<ref>Counterintelligence Field Activity. "
* to check International buget NGOs, and
[http://www.cifa.mil//About%20CIFA/goals.asp Strategic Goals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623003410/http://www.cifa.mil/About%20CIFA/goals.asp |date=2008-06-23 }}." ''cifa.mil.''</ref>{{Failed verification|date=June 2022}}

==Organization==
The Director of DoD CIFA reported directly to DoD's Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence.

The offices of Chief of Staff, Office of General Counsel, and Office of the Inspector General reported directly to the Director of CIFA.

CIFA was then broken into four directorates: Program Management, Information Technology, Operational Support and Training and Development.

'''Program Management''' was responsible for budgeting, management and accountability.

'''Information Technology''' was responsible for planning and managing special technology needs of the counterintelligence enterprise.

'''Operational Support''' planned, directed and managed counterintelligence activities and coordinated offensive counterintelligence campaigns.

'''Training and Development''' set performance assessment standards and assured that defense counterintelligence training and education programs, as well as instructors, maintained accreditation and certification.<ref>[http://www.cifa.mil//About%20CIFA/org.asp Organizational Chart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612144802/http://www.cifa.mil/About%20CIFA/org.asp |date=2008-06-12 }}, cifa.mil.</ref>

==Joint Protection Enterprise Network (JPEN) database==
CIFA managed the database of "suspicious incidents" in the United States or the Joint Protection Enterprise Network (JPEN). It was an [[Intelligence (information gathering)|intelligence]] and law enforcement system that was a near real-time sharing of raw non-validated information among DoD organizations and installations. Feeding into JPEN were intelligence, law enforcement, counterintelligence, and security reports, information from DoD's "Threat and Local Observation Notice" ([[TALON (database)|TALON]]) reporting system of unfiltered information, and other reports.

There were seven criteria taken into account in the creation of a TALON report:

* Nonspecific threats
* Surveillance
* Elicitation
* Tests of security
* Repetitive activities
* Bomb threats
* Suspicious activities and/or incidents

Army regulation 190-45, Law Enforcement Reporting, stated that JPEN may be used to share police intelligence with DOD law enforcement agencies, military police, the [[U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command]] and local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.

==Privacy issues==
The domestic collection of data by military agencies was strictly regulated by laws such as the [[Privacy Act of 1974]], which strengthened and specified a United States citizen's [[right to privacy]] as noted in the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment]] [[United States Constitution]]. In addition, the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] found in ''[[Griswold v. Connecticut|Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)]]'' the right to privacy against government intrusion was protected by the ''"[[penumbra]]s"'' of other Constitutional provisions. The DoD reflected these in its own guidelines that have been in place since 1982.<ref>[http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/DOD.1982.IntelligenceCollectionOnU.S.Persons.pdf DoD 5240 1-R] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922111036/http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/DOD.1982.IntelligenceCollectionOnU.S.Persons.pdf |date=2017-09-22 }} Procedures on Domestic Intelligence</ref>

CIFA's similar collection and retention of data on peace groups and other activists promoted parallels to be drawn between the two programs by civil rights groups like the [[American Civil Liberties Union|ACLU]],<ref>[https://www.aclu.org/safefree/spyfiles/27050prs20061012.html Documents Shed New Light on Pentagon Surveillance of Peace Activists] (10/12/2006)</ref> and intelligence officials<ref>Pincus, Walter. "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/10/AR2005121000893.html Defense Facilities Pass Along Reports of Suspicious Activity]." ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 11 December 2005, Page A12.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.zmag.org/ee_links/freedoms_talon |title=Freedom's TALON |access-date=2007-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014230011/http://blog.zmag.org/ee_links/freedoms_talon |archive-date=2006-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who found the prospect of the military tracking peace groups again to be worrisome.

After ACLU filed multiple [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] (FOIA) requests regarding information gathering on peace groups and NBC did a report<ref>Myers, Lisa et al. "[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna10454316 Is the Pentagon spying on Americans]?" MSNBC, 14 December 2005.</ref> citing a [[Quaker]] group planning an anti-enlistment action that was listed as a "threat", a review of CIFA activities was ordered by then Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen A. Cambone,<ref>"[http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Dec2005/20051215_3672.html DoD Orders Review of Anti-Threat Intel-Gathering System]." DoD Press Release, December 2005.</ref> who stated at the time that it appeared that there had been several violations.

A complaint requesting the expedition of the FOIA requests<ref>[https://www.aclu.org/images/asset_upload_file157_24415.pdf ACLU Complaint]</ref> by the ACLU was ruled in their favor by a federal court. The released documents showed that at least 126 peace groups' information had been held past required removal dates. The DoD has since stated that it removed all improperly kept data.

==Shut down==
On April 1, 2008, the Pentagon's top intelligence official (James R. Clapper, the Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence)) recommended CIFA's dismantling.<ref>Warrick, Joby. "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/02/AR2008040200077.html?hpid=sec-politics Intelligence-Gathering Program May Be Halted]." ''Washington Post,'' 2 April 2008.</ref>

On August 8, 2008, it was announced that CIFA would be shut down and its activities would be absorbed by the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]].<ref>"[http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=234040&version=1&template_id=43&parent_id=19 Unit Created by Rumsfeld Shut Down] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224182009/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=234040&version=1&template_id=43&parent_id=19 |date=2012-02-24 }}." ''Gulf Times,'' 6 August 2008.</ref><ref>"[https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2008-08-06-pentagon-dia_N.htm DIA to start spy operations against foreigners]." ''USA Today,'' 6 August 2008.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists]] (2001)
*[[Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002]]
*[[USA PATRIOT Act]], specifically [[USA PATRIOT Act, Title II]] entitled ''[[USA PATRIOT Act, Title II|Enhanced Surveillance Procedures]]''
*[[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution]]
*[[Economic Espionage Act of 1996]]
*[[Privacy Act of 1974]]
*[[Counter-terrorism]]

== Citations ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== General and cited references ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020602162724/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/text/d510567p.txt DoD Directive Number 5105.67]
* [http://www.usdoj.gov/04foia/privstat.htm The Privacy Act Of 1974 - 5 U.S.C. § 552a As Amended]
* [http://www.defenselink.mil/odam/omp/pubs/GuideBook/ToC.htm Office of the Secretary of Defense]
* [http://www.dss.mil/polygraph/cifa.htm Counterintelligence to the Edge]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060812050950/http://www.wood.army.mil/mpbulletin/pdfs/April%2006/Porter-Crumley.pdf Military Police bulletin, April 2006]
* [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna11751418 Pentagon admits errors in spying on protesters]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/26/AR2005112600857.html Pentagon Expanding Its Domestic Surveillance Activity]

== External links ==
* [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB230/index.htm The Pentagon's Counterspies: The Counterintelligence Field Activity] - ''Documents Describe Organization and Operations of Controversial Agency and Database'', [[National Security Archive]], [[The George Washington University]], September 17, 2007

{{Intelligence agencies of USA}}

[[Category:2002 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Counterintelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Defense Intelligence Agency]]
[[Category:Defunct United States intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2002]]
[[Category:Government agencies disestablished in 2008]]

Counterintelligence Field Activity - Revision history

imported>BD2412: /* Mission */ clean up spacing around commas and other punctuation, replaced: ,s → 's