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{{Infobox settlement

| name = Coronel
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = es
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Chile|City]] and [[Communes of Chile|Commune]]
| image_skyline = Ciudad_de_coronel.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = City of Coronel
| image_flag =
| flag_alt = Flag
| image_shield = Escudo de Coronel.svg
| shield_alt = Coat of arms
| image_map = Comuna de Coronel.svg
| map_alt = Location of Coronel commune in the Biobío Region
| map_caption = Location of Coronel commune in the Biobío Region
| pushpin_map = Chile
| pushpin_map_narrow = yes
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_alt = Location in Chile
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chile
| coordinates = {{coord|37|01|00|S|73|13|00|W|region:CL-BI|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Chile]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Chile|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Biobío Region|Biobío]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Chile|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Concepción Province, Chile|Concepción]]
| established_date = August 30, 1849
| established_title = Villa de Coronel
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_footnotes = <ref name="Official">{{Cite web |url=http://www.Coronel.cl/ |title=Municipality of Coronel|access-date=28 July 2010|language=es}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="INE">{{cite web |url= http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title= National Statistics Institute |access-date=28 July 2010|language=es}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 279
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 16
| population_footnotes = <ref name="INE"/>
| population_total = 107759
| population_as_of = 2012 Census
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Coronelino
|timezone = [[Time in Chile|CLT]]
| utc_offset = −4
|timezone_DST = [[Time in Chile|CLST]]
| utc_offset_DST = −3
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 4190000
| area_code_type =
| area_code = 56 + 41
| website = [http://www.coronel.cl Official website] {{in lang|es}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Coronel''' ({{IPA|es|koɾoˈnel}}) is a [[Chile]]an [[List of cities in Chile|city]] and [[Communes of Chile|commune]], located in the [[Concepción Province, Chile|Concepción Province]] of the eighth [[Regions of Chile|region]] of [[Biobío Region|Biobío]].

==Geography==
The city of Coronel is located in a sandy platform that goes from the mouth of the [[Biobío River]] to the [[Arauco Gulf]] bay, a muddy landscape, full of forests, typical of the region.

This muddy, forested landscape enclosed by high mountains was what the first [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[conquistador]]s and settlers found when arriving. Vegetation and forests covered most of the area except very close to the coast. This type of landscape is characteristic of the province.

The total area of the commune is {{convert|279.4|sqkm|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="INE"/> Aside from its western coast along the Pacific Ocean, the commune is surrounded by other communes of the Concepción Province: [[San Pedro de la Paz]] to the north, [[Hualqui]] to the north and east, and [[Lota, Chile|Lota]] and [[Santa Juana, Chile|Santa Juana]] to the south.

[[Santa María Island, Chile|Santa María Island]] also forms part of the city, which is represented there by a municipal delegate.

=== Climate ===
The climate of Coronel is [[Temperateness|temperate]] [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]], common to the [[Chilean Coast Range]], with moderate temperature variations. As Coronel is situated west of the mountain range, it generally receives winds out of the west and northwest, and increased precipitation due to [[orographic lift]]. Its proximity to the Pacific influences its annual temperature variations. The average temperature in summer is {{convert|17|C}} and {{convert|8|C}} in winter.

== History ==
Like all territory to the south of [[Biobío River]], this area was populated by the [[Mapuche]]. Historically, Spaniards called them as Araucaníans (''araucanos'') and their coastal territory as ''[[Araucanía (historic region)|Araucanía]]''.

This territory is a part of the [[Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia]], an unrecognised state established on November 19, 1861.

The indigenous population of Coronel Bay was located into a war zone called Butanmapu de la costa. From the descriptions made by the Spaniards, it is probable that before the Spaniards' colonization, half of the Mapuche population lived in this region. Also, the population density of the tribes was evenly distributed on both east and west sides of the [[Cordillera de Nahuelbuta]]

The city of Lota was an early coal mining settlement in the area. The mine was composed of "Chiflones" 1, 2, 3, 4, Pique Santa Maria, and Pique Arenas Blancas. This was the last mine closed, because of a grisu gas explosion where 21 miners died. This mine was the deepest in South America, at {{convert|1000|m|0|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}}

The [[World War I]] naval [[Battle of Coronel]] between ships of the United Kingdom and Germany was fought on 1 November 1914 off the coast of Coronel.

The city was the seat of [[Lautaro Department]], later known as the [[Coronel Department]].

In March 2013, an investigation was started after thousands of sea animals washed ashore.<ref>[http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/21/thousands-of-prawns-wash-ashore-in-chile/ ''Thousands of prawns wash ashore in Chile''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323081349/http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/21/thousands-of-prawns-wash-ashore-in-chile/ |date=2013-03-23 }} March 21, 2013 [[Euronews]]</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the 2002 [[census]] of the [[National Statistics Institute (Chile)|National Statistics Institute]], Coronel spans an area of {{convert|279.4|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} and has 95,528 inhabitants (46,766 men and 48,762 women). Of these, 91,469 (95.8%) lived in [[urban area]]s and 4,059 (4.2%) in [[rural area]]s. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population grew by 14.5% (12,102 persons).<ref name= "INE"/> The [[demonym]] for a man from Coronel is ''Coronelino'' and ''Coronelina'' for a woman.

==Administration==
As a commune, Coronel is a third-level [[administrative division of Chile]] administered by a communal council, headed by an [[alcalde]] who is directly elected every four years. The 2012-2016 alcalde is Leonidas Romero. The communal council has the following members:<ref name="Official"/>
* José Suazo Muñoz
* Francisco Merino Olivares
* Edmundo Salas Norambuena
* Francisco Reyes Aguayo
* Daniel Rosales Salgado
* Hugo Monsalves Obreque
* Carmen Madinagoitia Chamorro
* Osvaldo Campos Torres

Within the [[electoral divisions of Chile]], Coronel is represented in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]]
by Marcelo Chávez ([[Christian Democratic Party of Chile|PDC]]) and Clemira Pacheco ([[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]]) as part of the 45th electoral district, (together with [[Tomé]], [[Penco]], [[Florida, Chile|Florida]], [[Hualqui]] and [[Santa Juana, Chile|Santa Juana]]). The commune is represented in the [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] by Alejandro Navarro Brain ([[Broad Social Movement|MAS]]) and Jacqueline Van Rysselberghe Herrera ([[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]]) as part of the 12th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Cordillera).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.Coronel.cl/ Municipality of Coronel]

{{Communes in Biobío Region}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Chile]]
[[Category:Port cities in Chile]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1851]]
[[Category:Populated places in Concepción Province]]
[[Category:1851 establishments in Chile]]

Coronel, Chile - Revision history

imported>Nubia86 at 18:07, 5 December 2024