83.151.226.117: /* Aftermath */

2019-08-10T10:19:09Z

Aftermath

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{{Redirect|Hanover Congress|the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] congress|Hanover Congress (1899)}}
The '''Congress of Hanover''' took place in the [[Electorate of Hanover]] in 1752. It was convened by the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] government who wished to agree up a schedule for the election of the next [[Holy Roman Emperor]]. All of the eight voting German electors were invited to attend, as was a representative of [[Early Modern France|France]]. The Congress lasted, intermittently, from June until October 1752.

The British wanted a swift election of their favoured candidate, the Austrian [[heir apparent]] [[Joseph, Duke of Lorraine]]. The British [[Secretary of State for the Northern Department|Secretary of State]] the [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Duke of Newcastle]] had travelled to the continent with [[George II of Great Britain]] to oversee the Congress. The French were represented by [[Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes|Count Vergennes]] a young diplomat.

The British had agreed to pay some of the smaller electors [[subsidies]] in order to gain their votes. [[Saxony]] received a yearly payment of £48,000. The French perceived this as an attempt to forge a pro-British alliance of the German states to create a military coalition in any future war. They saw the sudden British interest in the election as a [[smoke screen]] behind which they were advancing their own interests in Germany. In response France applied pressure on Austria to try to block the scheme while Vergennes attempted to appear co-operative with Newcastle at the Congress.

The Congress finally concluded with the intention to elect the Austrian candidate.

==Aftermath==
Newcastle believed that the election of Joseph was sealed, but when he travelled to [[Vienna]], he found the Austrians unwilling to proceed; they were using the requirement to forced to pay a small payment of money to the [[Palatine]] as justification for their refusal. The Austrians were preparing for a war with [[Prussia]] in which they would need France as allies and so they had no wish to risk offending it. They also attempted to appease the British by suggesting alternative candidates.

Even when the British offered themselves to compensate the Palatines, Austria refused to agree. The Austrian rejection of the scheme was the beginning of the end for the longstanding [[Anglo-Austrian Alliance]], which collapsed in 1756. Newcastle and his [[Austrophile]] allies in the British cabinet were severely weakened, and Newcastle was also personally disappointed at the failure of a scheme into which he had put so much effort.

Joseph eventually became [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1765, following the [[Seven Years' War]]. The lack of Austrian interest in acquiring the throne demonstrated how dramatically less important the role was in the 18th century.

==Bibliography==
* Browning, Reed. ''The Duke of Newcastle''. Yale University Press, 1975.
* Murphy, Orville T. ''Charles Gravier: Comte de Vergennes: French Diplomacy in the Age of Revolution''. New York Press, 1982.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Congress Of Hanover}}
[[Category:Diplomatic conferences in Germany]]
[[Category:18th-century diplomatic conferences]]
[[Category:1752 in international relations]]
[[Category:1752 conferences]]

Congress of Hanover - Revision history

83.151.226.117: /* Aftermath */