2804:7F0:A211:A6CE:9334:B1F7:70A7:2FEC: /* Regions */Removing unreferenced

2025-05-21T18:31:13Z

Regions: Removing unreferenced

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[[Image:Clima de Chile.JPG|thumb|Prevailing winds, sea currents and stationary cyclones near Chile]]
[[File:Köppen–Geiger climate classification map for Chile.png|thumb|240x240px|Chile map of Köppen climate classification.]]
[[File:CL annual temp.png|thumb|150px|Annual average temperatures of Chile]]
[[File:Cl-temp.gif|thumb|150px|Monthly mean temperatures of Chile]]

The '''climate of Chile''' comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a large geographic scale, extending across 38 degrees in latitude, making generalizations difficult. According to the [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen system]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sánchez-Dávila |first1=Gabriel |title=Clasificación climática de Sudamérica |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b74200791dda49958d6d39eddaca74a0 |website=ArcGIS StoryMaps |access-date=6 November 2024 |language=Spanish |date=15 Sep 2022}}</ref> [[Chile]] within its borders hosts at least seven major climatic subtypes, ranging from low [[desert]] in the north, to [[alpine tundra]] and [[glacier]]s in the east and southeast, [[tropical rainforest climate|tropical rainforest]] in [[Easter Island]], [[oceanic climate|Oceanic]] in the south and [[Mediterranean climate]] in central Chile. There are four seasons in most of the country: summer (December to February), autumn (March to May), winter (June to August), and spring (September to November).

On a [[synoptic scale]], the most important factors that control the climate in Chile are the [[Pacific High|Pacific Anticyclone]], the southern circumpolar [[low pressure area]], the cold [[Humboldt current]], the [[Chilean Coast Range]] and the [[Andes Mountains]]. Despite Chile's narrowness, some interior regions may experience wide temperature oscillations and cities such as [[Lonquimay]], may even experience a [[continental climate]]. In the extreme northeast and southeast the border of Chile extends beyond the Andes into the [[Altiplano]] and the [[Patagonia]]n plains, giving these regions climate patterns similar to those seen in [[Bolivia]] and [[Argentina]] respectively.

==Regions==
{{rquote|right|It [Chile] has four months of winter, no more, and in them, except when there is a quarter moon, when it rains one or two days, all the other days have such a beautiful sunshine...|[[Pedro de Valdivia]] to [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] !! [[Ecoregion]] !! [[Natural regions of Chile|Natural region]]
|-
|bgcolor="#FFCC00"| [[Desert climate|Desert]] (BWh, BWk)
| [[Atacama Desert]] || [[Norte Grande, Chile|Norte Grande]]
|-
|bgcolor="#FF6600"| [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] (Csa, Csb, Csc)
|| [[Chilean matorral]] || [[Central Chile]]
|-
|bgcolor="#6F6"| [[Tropical rainforest climate|Tropical rainforest]] (Af)
| [[Easter Island]]||-
|-
|bgcolor="#3C6"| [[Humid subtropical climate|Humid subtropical]] (Cfa)
| [[Fernandezian region]]||-
|-
|bgcolor="#9C6"| [[Subhumid temperate climate|Temperate monsoon]]
(Cwc)
|| [[Altiplano]] || [[Norte Grande, Chile|Norte Grande]]
|-
|bgcolor="#3C3"| [[Oceanic climate|Temperate oceanic]] (Cfb) || [[Valdivian temperate rainforests]] || [[Zona Sur]], [[Zona Austral]]
|-
|bgcolor="#336633"| [[Oceanic climate|Subpolar oceanic]] (Cfc)
|rowspan="2"| [[Magellanic subpolar forests]]<br/>[[Magellanic moorland]]
|rowspan="2"| Zona Austral
|-
|bgcolor="#C0C0C0"| [[Tundra climate|Tundra]] (ET)
|-
|bgcolor="#0CC"| [[Continental climate|Continental subalpine]] (Dsb, Dsc)
| [[Andes]] || Central Chile
|-
|bgcolor="#FFEBAD"|[[Semi-arid climate|Semi-arid]] (BSk)|| [[Patagonian Desert]] || Zona Austral
|-
|bgcolor="#999966"| [[Alpine climate|Alpine]] (ETH, EB)|| [[Andes]], [[Central Andean dry puna]] || all natural regions of Chile
|-
|bgcolor="#C0C0C0"| [[Tundra climate|Tundra]] (ET) || Andes, Central Andean dry puna || all natural regions of Chile
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFFF"| [[Ice cap climate|Ice cap]] (EF) || [[Northern Patagonian Ice Field]], [[Southern Patagonian Ice Field]] || Zona Austral
|-
|}

===Tropical===
[[File:EasterIslandInterior.jpg|thumb|right|View toward the interior of [[Easter Island]]]]
The climate of [[Easter Island]] is [[tropical rainforest climate|tropical rainforest]]. The lowest temperatures are registered in July and August ({{convert|18|°C}}) and the highest in February (maximum temperature {{convert|28|°C}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enjoy-chile.org/easter-island-climate-chile.php |title=Enjoy Chile - climate |access-date=2009-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929020038/http://www.enjoy-chile.org/easter-island-climate-chile.php |archive-date=2009-09-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>), the summer season in the southern hemisphere. Winters are relatively mild. The rainiest month is April, though the island experiences year-round rainfall.<ref>[http://www.letsgochile.com/locations/central-zone/pacific-islands/easter-island Easter Island Article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603195715/http://www.letsgochile.com/locations/central-zone/pacific-islands/easter-island |date=2017-06-03 }} in Letsgochile.com</ref> As an isolated island, Easter Island is constantly exposed to winds which help to keep the temperature fairly cool. Precipitation averages 1,118 mm per year. Occasionally, heavy rainfall and rainstorms strike the island. These occur mostly in the winter months (June–August). Since it is close to the [[Pacific High]] and outside the range of the [[ITCZ]], cyclones and hurricanes do not occur around Easter island.<ref>[http://www.islandheritage.org/vg/vg06.html Weather] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002040056/http://www.islandheritage.org/vg/vg06.html |date=October 2, 2009 }} Easter Island Foundation</ref>

===Dry arid===
[[Image:Pan de Azucar National Park.jpg|right|thumb|[[Pan de Azúcar National Park]] in [[Atacama Desert]]]]
{{See also|Atacama Desert|Arid Diagonal}}
The Atacama Desert is the driest place on [[Earth]], and is virtually sterile because it is blocked from moisture on both sides by the [[Andes]] mountains and by the [[Chilean Coast Range]]. The cold [[Humboldt Current]] and the [[Pacific Anticyclone]] are essential to keep the dry climate of Atacama Desert. The average rainfall in the Chilean region of [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]] is just 1 mm per year. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never received rain. Evidence suggests that the Atacama may not have had any significant rainfall from 1570 to 1971.<ref name=nyt>{{cite book |editor-first=John W. |editor-last=Wright | year=2006 | title=The New York Times Almanac |url=https://archive.org/details/newyorktimes200600wrig |url-access=registration | edition=2007 | publisher=Penguin Books | location=New York, New York | isbn=0-14-303820-6 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/newyorktimes200600wrig/page/456 456]}}</ref> It is so arid that mountains that reach as high as 6,885 metres (22,590 feet) are completely free of [[glacier]]s and, the southern part from 25°S to 27°S, may have been glacier-free throughout the [[Quaternary]]—though [[permafrost]] extends down to an altitude of 4,400 metres and is continuous above 5,600 metres. Studies by a group of British scientists have suggested that some river beds have been dry for 120,000 years.

Some locations in the Atacama do receive a marine [[fog]] known locally as the ''[[Camanchaca]]'' ([[garúa]] in [[Peru]]), providing sufficient moisture for hypolithic [[algae]], [[lichen]]s and even some [[cactus|cacti]]. But in the region that is in the "fog shadow" of the high coastal crest-line, which averages 3,000 m height for about 100 km south of Antofagasta, the soil has been compared to that of [[Mars]].

As the climate map shows, where elevation is high enough to preclude any month with an average temperature of 10°C, precipitation is low enough to allow a transition between a cold desert (Köppen classification BWk) and tundra (ET).

===Mediterranean===
[[Image:Mediterranean distribution in America.jpg|200px|thumb|Mediterranean climate distribution in the Americas. Note that the map of Chile is turned upside down]]
The climate of [[Central Chile]] is of temperate Mediterranean type, with the amount of rainfall increasing considerably and progressively from north to south. In the [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] area, the average monthly temperatures are about 19.5 °C in the summer months of January and February and 7.5 °C in the winter months of June and July. The average monthly precipitation is no more than a trace in January and February and 69.7 millimeters in June and July. By contrast, in [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] the average monthly temperatures are somewhat lower in the summer at 17.6 °C but higher in the winter at 9.3 °C, and the amount of rain is much greater. In the summer, [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] receives an average of twenty millimeters of rain per month; in June and July, the city is pounded by an average of 253 millimeters per month. The numerous rivers greatly increase their flow as a result of the winter rains and the spring melting of the Andean snows, and they contract considerably in the summer. The combination of abundant snow in the Andes and relatively moderate winter temperatures creates excellent conditions for Alpine skiing. Areas around the [[Bío-Bío River]], historically called [[La Frontera, Chile|La Frontera]] corresponds to southern limit of the mediterranean climate, with typical mediterranean fruits such as avocado, citrus, olives and grapes being cultivated north of it and oat, wheat, apples and potatoes to the south. This more or less drastic transition is caused by the split of the [[westerlies]] at these latitudes (~37° S) into one branch going to the southeast and another to the northeast, to this it is necessary to add the north-south lowering of the [[Chilean Coast Range]] which reduced the [[rain shadow]] effect.<ref>Schwedtfeger, Werner. 1976. The Climate of Chile. World Survey of Climatology. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.</ref>

=== Temperate oceanic ===
[[Image:Cabanas curarrehue.jpg|thumb|Maritime influence makes some southern Andean valleys prone to snowfalls in winter such as in [[Curarrehue]] in the picture.]]
{{See also|Valdivia, Chile#Climate|l1=Climate of Valdivia}}
In [[Zona Sur]] and the northern part of [[Zona Austral]] the climate is [[Oceanic climate|Temperate oceanic]]. Here the Andean Cordillera intercepts moist westerly winds along the Pacific coast during winter and summer months; these winds cool as they ascend the mountains, creating heavy rainfall on the mountains' west-facing slopes. The northward-flowing oceanic Humboldt Current creates humid and foggy conditions near the coast. The tree line is at about 2,400 m in the northern part of the ecoregion (35° S), and descends to 1,000 m in the south of the Valdivian region. In the [[summer]] average temperature can climb to 16.5 °C (62 °F), while during winter the temperature can drop below 7 °C (45 °F).<ref>Di Castri F di & E. Hajek 1976.
[http://svsch.ceachile.cl/biblioteca_archivos/Bioclimatologia%20de%20Chile.pdf "Bioclimatología de Chile" 163 pages with english summary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411125445/http://svsch.ceachile.cl/biblioteca_archivos/Bioclimatologia%20de%20Chile.pdf |date=2008-04-11 }}</ref>

=== Subpolar oceanic ===
The seasonal temperature in [[Zona Austral]] is greatly moderated by its proximity to the ocean and is known for its stable constant temperatures, only small variability with season. The heaviest rainfalls goes between April and May and snow season goes all through Chilean winter (June till September), although the average temperature does not descend below 1 °C in coastal areas. This is the coldest region of South America. [[Puerto Natales]] in Zona Austral is the city with most rainy days per year in Chile, averaging 161.<ref>{{Cite news |title=La ciudad en la que más llueve en todo Chile: publican ranking mundial |url=https://chile.as.com/actualidad/la-ciudad-en-la-que-mas-llueve-en-todo-chile-publican-ranking-mundial-n/ |date=2022-10-12 |work=AS |language=Spanish}}</ref>

== Climate change ==
[[Climate change]] is expected to alter the frequency and severity of various natural hazards in Chile, including wildfires, floods, landslides, droughts and rising sea levels. Key sectors vulnerable to climate change impacts include agriculture, fisheries, agriculture and water security.<ref>{{Cite web |last=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |title=Chile |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/chile/vulnerability#:~:text=Chile%20is%20highly%20exposed%20and,those%20disasters%20on%20human%20populations. |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref>

In 2023 Chile emitted 107.99 million tonnes of [[Greenhouse gas|greenhouse gases]], equivalent to around 0.2% of the global total.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olefs |first=M. |last2=Formayer |first2=H. |last3=Gobiet |first3=A. |last4=Marke |first4=T. |last5=Schöner |first5=W. |last6=Revesz |first6=M. |date=2021-06-01 |title=Past and future changes of the Austrian climate – Importance for tourism |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213078021000311 |journal=Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism |series=Editorial: Tourism and Climate Change – an integrated look at the Austrian case |volume=34 |pages=100395 |doi=10.1016/j.jort.2021.100395 |issn=2213-0780|doi-access=free }}</ref> In recent years Chile has emerged as a global leader in clean energy, particularly solar and wind.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2018 |title=Chile |url=https://www.iea.org/countries/chile |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=IEA |language=en-GB}}</ref> and has committed to net zero by 2050. According to Climate Action Tracker, the nation is making "considerable progress" in climate action by expanding renewables and phasing-out coal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Climate Action Tracker |date=7 October 2024 |title=Chile |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/chile/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=climateactiontracker.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Climate charts for different locations of Chile from north to south==
{{climate chart|[[Iquique]]
|17.6|24.9|0
|17.6|25.2|0
|16.8|24.1|0
|15.1|22.3|0
|14.1|20.3|0.2
|13.5|19|0.1
|13.1|18|0
|13.3|18.1|0
|13.8|18.8|0
|14.5|20|0
|15.3|21.7|0
|16.5|23.6|0.2
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[http://www.worldweather.org/028/c00102.htm]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Antofagasta]]
|16.7|23.9|0.0
|16.6|24.0|0.0
|15.6|22.8|0.0
|13.9|21.0|0.0
|12.6|19.0|0.0
|11.4|17.6|0.1
|10.6|16.9|0.3
|11.4|17.1|0.6
|12.2|17.7|0.5
|13.3|18.9|0.1
|14.4|20.4|0.1
|15.7|22.3|0.0
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020804093348/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILENORTE.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Arica]]
|18.9|26.3|0.0
|19.1|26.9|0.1
|18.4|26.0|0.0
|16.5|24.0|0.0
|14.9|21.6|0.0
|14.2|19.7|0.2
|13.7|18.6|0.1
|13.9|18.6|0.1
|14.4|19.4|0.0
|15.3|20.8|0.0
|16.3|22.7|0.0
|17.5|24.7|0.0
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020804093348/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILENORTE.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Easter Island]]
|19.8|27.0|72.8
|20.2|27.3|84.8
|19.9|26.9|95.6
|18.9|25.4|120.7
|17.7|23.4|152.9
|16.5|22.0|106.3
|15.7|21.3|105.1
|15.4|21.2|93.8
|15.5|21.7|86.8
|16.0|22.5|68.0
|17.3|23.9|74.0
|18.4|25.4|85.4
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020804093348/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILENORTE.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Copiapó, Chile|Copiapó]]
|13.3|28.1|0.0
|13.1|28.1|0.0
|12.0|26.6|1.1
| 9.8|24.0|0.2
| 7.6|21.5|0.4
| 5.9|20.0|1.1
| 5.5|19.7|6.5
| 6.2|20.9|2.0
| 7.2|22.2|0.2
| 8.6|23.8|0.5
|10.3|25.3|0.0
|12.1|26.9|0.0
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020804093348/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILENORTE.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]]
|13.6|21.6|0.0
|13.4|21.6|0.0
|12.4|20.2|0.2
|10.7|18.2|1.1
| 9.2|17.0|6.1
| 7.6|15.9|14.9
| 7.5|15.4|30.7
| 7.8|15.7|16.8
| 8.7|16.3|5.8
| 9.5|17.5|2.7
|10.7|18.9|0.2
|12.0|20.4|0.0
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020804093348/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILENORTE.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]]
|13.0|29.7| 0.4
|12.4|29.1| 0.8
|10.7|26.7| 3.2
| 8.0|23.3|10.4
| 6.3|18.7|42.2
| 4.3|15.2|70.4
| 3.9|14.9|86.6
| 4.8|16.7|51.8
| 6.1|19.0|22.0
| 8.2|22.3|13.4
|10.1|25.4| 9.2
|12.0|28.4| 2.1
|float=left
|clear=none
|source= [http://www.worldweather.org/028/c00103.htm WMO]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Linares, Chile|Linares]]
|11.9|29.8|13.1
|11.4|28.5|10.1
| 8.7|25.1|20.3
| 6.4|20.7|61.9
| 6.5|15.6|170.5
| 4.9|12.3|208.0
| 3.6|12.2|180.1
| 4.0|14.0|128.8
| 5.3|17.2|77.3
| 7.5|20.3|44.0
| 9.0|23.5|29.6
|11.6|28.3|20.2
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://archive.today/20120730025247/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILECENTRO.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]]
|10.5|22.8|21.0
|10.2|22.4|14.6
| 8.9|20.9|24.9
| 7.5|18.4|56.0
| 7.4|15.6|178.3
| 6.2|13.4|218.2
| 5.7|13.0|222.1
| 5.6|13.8|153.2
| 5.6|15.1|87.6
| 6.8|16.8|64.9
| 8.3|19.2|41.1
| 9.9|21.5|28.2
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://archive.today/20120730025247/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILECENTRO.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]]
|8.8|22.9|54.1
|8.5|22.9|54.6
|7.3|20.7|70.5
|5.8|17.0|133.0
|6.1|13.6|294.6
|4.6|11.2|297.1
|4.2|10.8|312.3
|3.9|12.2|247.0
|4.1|14.5|162.4
|5.2|16.6|109.2
|6.8|19.0|73.0
|8.2|21.4|63.2
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://archive.today/20120730025247/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILECENTRO.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Puerto Montt, Chile|Puerto Montt]]
|9.4|19.6|90.1
|9.1|19.2|93.3
|8|17.8|98.9
|6.7|15.2|143.3
|6|12.7|234.1
|4.1|10.7|223.8
|3.9|10.3|228.7
|4|11.1|208.5
|4.2|12.8|145.9
|5.5|14.4|120.9
|7.2|16.6|111.9
|8.6|18.5|103.1
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[http://www.worldweather.org/028/c00104.htm]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Aisén, Chile|Aisén]]
|10.0|17.9|195.7
| 9.6|17.8|158.9
| 8.3|16.0|165.8
| 6.5|12.9|239.0
| 4.7| 9.7|320.1
| 2.4| 7.2|283.1
| 1.8| 6.9|280.0
| 2.8| 8.6|257.6
| 3.8|11.0|209.1
| 5.6|13.5|162.8
| 7.7|15.4|167.5
| 9.1|17.2|207.5
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://archive.today/20121209044738/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILESUR.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Balmaceda, Chile|Balmaceda]]
| 6.7|17.5|28.1
| 6.0|17.7|20.4
| 4.5|15.7|37.5
| 2.6|11.9|53.6
| 0.6| 7.8|92.5
|-2.0| 4.3|85.2
|-2.7| 3.6|83.5
|-1.0| 6.1|72.2
| 0.1| 9.4|49.0
| 2.1|12.3|29.6
| 4.3|14.7|28.3
| 5.8|16.4|31.7
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://archive.today/20121209044738/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILESUR.HTM]
}}
{{climate chart|[[Punta Arenas]]
| 6.5|14.7|38.9
| 6.2|14.4|27.8
| 5.0|12.8|29.6
| 3.2| 9.8|36.0
| 1.0| 6.4|41.6
|-0.7| 4.2|28.9
|-1.1| 3.7|30.2
|-1.0| 5.3|30.2
| 1.0| 7.9|24.2
| 2.6|10.6|28.7
| 4.4|12.5|31.7
| 5.7|14.1|28.6
|float=left
|clear=none
|source=[https://archive.today/20121209044738/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILESUR.HTM]
}}
{{Clear}}

==See also==
*[[Agriculture in Chile]]
*[[Drought in Chile]]
*[[Geology of Chile]]
*[[Glaciers of Chile]]
*[[Natural regions of Chile]]
*[[White Earthquake]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.meteochile.cl/PortalDMC-web/index.xhtml Dirección Meteorológica de Chile] {{in lang|es}}
*[https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl Dirección Meteorológica de Chile climate database] {{in lang|es}}
*{{Webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20130115235327/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/climadechile/climadechile.htm |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Atmosfera.cl - Clima de Chile}}
*[http://www.agrimed.cl/contenido.asp?Id=9&Titulo=Atlas%20Agroclimatico%20de%20Chile Atlas Agroclimatico de Chile] {{in lang|es}}

{{Chile topics}}
{{South America topic|Climate of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Climate Of Chile}}
[[Category:Climate of Chile| ]]
[[Category:Climate by country|Chile]]

Climate of Chile - Revision history

2804:7F0:A211:A6CE:9334:B1F7:70A7:2FEC: /* Regions */Removing unreferenced