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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Chrysothamnusvicidiflorus.JPG
| status = {{TNCStatus}}
| status_system = TNC
| genus = Chrysothamnus
| species = viscidiflorus
| authority = ([[William Jackson Hooker|Hook.]]) [[Thomas Nuttall|Nutt.]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{GRIN | accessdate = 24 December 2017}}</ref>
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=Synonymy
|''Aster viscidiflorus'' Kuntze
|''Bigelovia douglasii'' A.Gray
|''Bigelovia glauca'' (A.Nelson) K.Schum.
|''Bigelowia douglasii'' A.Gray
|''Bigelowia glauca'' (A.Nelson) K.Schum.
|''Chrysothamnus douglasii'' (A.Gray) Clem. & E.G.Clem.
|''Chrysothamnus glaucus'' A.Nelson
|''Chrysothamnus latifolius'' (D.C.Eaton) Rydb.
|''Chrysothamnus leucocladus'' Greene
|''Chrysothamnus pumilus'' Nutt.
|''Chrysothamnus serrulatus'' (Torr.) Rydb.
|''Chrysothamnus stenolepis'' Rydb.
|''Chrysothamnus tortifolius'' (A.Gray) Greene
|''Crinitaria viscidiflora'' Hook.
|''Ericameria viscidiflora'' (Hook.) L.C.Anderson
|''Linosyris viscidiflora'' (Hook.) Torr. & A.Gray
|''Chrysothamnus axillaris'' D.D.Keck, syn of subsp. ''axillaris''
|'' Chrysothamnus elegans'' Greene,<ref>Greene Erythea 3(6): 94–95 1895</ref> syn of subsp. ''lanceolatus''
|''Chrysothamnus lanceolatus'' Nutt., syn of subsp. ''lanceolatus ''
|''Chrysothamnus marianus'' Rydb., syn of subsp. ''puberulus ''
|''Chrysothamnus puberulus'' (D.C.Eaton) Greene, syn of subsp. ''puberulus ''
}}
}}

'''''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus''''' is an American species of [[shrub]] in the family [[Asteraceae]] known by the common names '''yellow rabbitbrush''' and '''green rabbitbrush'''.

== Description ==
''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' grows up to about {{convert|150|cm|ft|0|abbr=off|sp=us}} in height, with spreading, brittle, pale stem branches. The leaves are up to a few centimeters long and may be thin and thread-like or up to 1 cm wide and oblong. They are [[Gland (botany)|glandular]], [[resinous]], and sticky.

The [[inflorescence]] is a bushy cluster of [[flower heads]], each head 0.5–1 cm long. The flower head is lined with sticky yellow-green [[phyllaries]] and contains several yellowish protruding flowers.

The fruit is a hairy [[achene]] a few millimeters long with a wispy [[Pappus (flower structure)|pappus]] at the tip.<ref name="x">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066355 Flora of North America, Yellow or sticky-leaf rabbitbrush, ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' (Hooker) Nuttall]</ref>

=== Subspecies and varieties ===
Subspecies and varieties include:<ref name="usda">Subspecies and varieties recognized by [http://plants.usda.gov/plant-profile?symbol=CHVI8 USDA — ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' Subordinate Taxa] . accessed 5 September 2015</ref><ref name="calflora">Subspecies recognized by [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=2099 Calflora Database for ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus''] . accessed 5 September 2015</ref><ref name="q">Subspecies recognized by [http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Chrysothamnus+viscidiflorus The Plant List, ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus''], Kew Gardens, London.</ref><ref>Subspecies distributions from [[Flora of North America]].</ref>
* ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' subsp. ''axillaris'' (D.D.Keck) L.C.Anderson — desert slopes in [[Arizona]], California, [[Colorado]], [[Nevada]], [[Utah]]<ref name="usda" /><ref name="calflora" /><ref>{{Jepson eFlora|5926|C. viscidiflorus subsp. axillaris}}</ref>
* ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' subsp. ''lanceolatus'' (Nutt.) H.M.Hall & Clem. — [[Pennington County, South Dakota|Pennington County]] in [[South Dakota]]<ref name="usda" /><ref name="calflora" /><ref>{{Jepson eFlora|5927|C. viscidiflorus subsp. lanceolatus}}</ref>
* ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' subsp. ''planifolius'' L.C.Anderson — Arizona<ref name="usda" />
* ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' subsp. ''puberulus'' (D.C.Eaton) H.M.Hall & Clem. — alpine zones in Arizona, California, [[Idaho]], Nevada, [[Oregon]], Utah<ref name="usda" /><ref name="calflora" /><ref>{{Jepson eFlora|5930|C. viscidiflorus subsp. puberulus}}</ref>
* ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' subsp. ''viscidiflorus'' — [[Alpine tundra|alpine]] [[Talus slope|talus]] in most of the species range<ref name="usda" /><ref name="calflora" /><ref>{{Jepson eFlora|5931|C. viscidiflorus subsp. viscidiflorus}}</ref>
*''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' var. ''latifolius''<ref name="usda" />
* ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' var. ''serrulatus'' (Torr.) Greene — Utah, Nevada<ref name="usda" /><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15256886#page/115/mode/1up Greene, Edward Lee 1895. Erythea 3(6): 96]</ref>
*''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' var. ''stenophyllus''<ref name="usda" />
*''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' var. ''viscidiflorus''<ref name="usda" />

=== Chemistry ===
''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' contains an unusual [[m-hydroxyacetophenone|''m''-hydroxyacetophenone]] derivative, named [[viscidone]], and [[chromanone]] derivatives.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ngo |first1=le-van |last2=Thi |first2=Van Cuong Pham |year=1981 |title=An unusual m-hydroxyacetophenone and three new chromanone derivatives from Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=485 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84171-0|bibcode=1981PChem..20..485N }}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
The plant is widespread in [[North America]] across much of the western [[United States]] and western [[Canada]], from [[British Columbia]] and [[Montana]] south to [[California]] and [[New Mexico]], with a few populations in the [[Black Hills]] of [[South Dakota]] and in western [[Nebraska]],<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Chrysothamnus%20viscidiflorus.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref> as well as in South America in the [[Andes|Andean]] valleys of [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]].

The species grows in [[sagebrush]] and woodland habitat.<ref name="x" /> It grows easily in [[alkali soil|alkaline]] and [[soil salinity|saline soils]], and thrives on soils that are rich in [[calcium]].<ref name="FEIS"/> It rapidly establishes in disturbed habitat, including burns, flooded washes, and rockslides, so it is a valuable shrub for [[Revegetation|revegetating]] damaged land such as [[overgrazed]] [[rangeland]] and abandoned [[strip mining|mining]] areas.<ref name="FEIS"/>

==Ecology==
[[File:Moses Coulee after the 2020 wildfire with only Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus ssp lanceolatus regrowing.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' ssp. ''lanceolatus'' resprouting from roots that survived a wildfire in eastern Washington]]

It is a larval host to the [[sagebrush checkerspot]] and it is an important nectar source in the fall.<ref>The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.</ref> Range animals such as deer and antelope browse the foliage.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Ronald J.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/25708726|title=Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary|publisher=Mountain Press Pub. Co|year=1994|isbn=0-87842-280-3|edition=rev.|location=Missoula, MT|pages=144|language=en|oclc=25708726|orig-year=1992}}</ref> It often occurs with ''[[Ericameria nauseosa]]''.<ref name=":0" />

''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' plants are typically killed [[Fire ecology|by fire]], but can resprout with sufficient energy reserves, and their windborne seeds can blow into a burned area and sprout vigorously.<ref name="FEIS">{{cite web|website=Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)|title=SPECIES: ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus''|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/shrub/chrvis/all.html|publisher=[[USDA]] Forest Service}}</ref> The numbers of plants often increase shortly after a fire and can dominate the landscape, but decreases as ''[[Artemisia tridentata]]'' (big sagebrush) recolonizes an area.<ref name="FEIS"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CHVI8 USDA Plants profile for ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' (yellow rabbitbrush)]
*[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=2099 CalFlora database: ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' (green rabbitbrush, stickyleaf rabbitbrush, yellow rabbitbrush)] — with subspecies links
*{{Jepson eFlora|2084 |link=1}}
*[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CHVI8 NPIN−Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center: ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'']
*[http://web.ewu.edu/ewflora/Asteraceae/Chrysothamnus%20viscidiflorus.html Flora of Eastern Washington and Adjacent Idaho: ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150628160741/http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Yellow%20Enlarged%20Photo%20Pages/chrysothamnus%202.htm Southwest Colorado Wildflowers]
*[http://science.halleyhosting.com/nature/basin/sun/shrub/ericameria/lanceolata.htm Goldenweeds and Rabbitbrush Found East of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington: ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'' ssp. ''lanceolatus''] — (green rabbitbrush, lanceleaf rabbitbrush, yellow rabbitbrush)
* [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Chrysothamnus+viscidiflorus University of California, Calphotos photo gallery — ''Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus'']
*{{Commons category-inline|Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5114963}}

[[Category:Astereae]]
[[Category:Flora of the Northwestern United States]]
[[Category:Flora of the North-Central United States]]
[[Category:Flora of the Southwestern United States]]
[[Category:Flora of Western Canada]]
[[Category:Flora of the California desert regions]]
[[Category:Flora of the Great Basin]]
[[Category:Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)]]
[[Category:Natural history of the Mojave Desert]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1840]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Thomas Nuttall]]
[[Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status]]

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus - Revision history

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