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-'''Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano''' (24 May 1803 – 29 July 1857) was a French [[naturalist]] and [[ornithology|ornithologist]], and a nephew of [[Napoleon]]. Lucien and his wife had twelve children, including Cardinal [[Lucien Bonaparte (cardinal)|Lucien Bonaparte]].
+'''Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano''' ({{IPA|fr|ʃaʁl lysjɛ̃ ʒyl lɔʁɑ̃ bɔnapaʁt}}; 24 May 1803 – 29 July 1857) was a French [[naturalist]] and [[ornithology|ornithologist]], and a nephew of [[Napoleon]]. Lucien and his wife had twelve children, including Cardinal [[Lucien Bonaparte (cardinal)|Lucien Bonaparte]].
 ==Life and career==
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 ==Works==

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{{Short description|French biologist and art collector (1803–1857)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Charles Lucien Bonaparte
| title = [[Prince of Canino and Musignano]]
| image = Bonaparte Charles Lucien 1803-1857.png
| caption = [[Lithograph]] by [[Thomas Herbert Maguire]], 1849
| birth_name = Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte
| birth_date = {{birth date|1803|5|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[First French Empire|France]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1857|7|29|1803|5|24|df=y}}
| death_place = Paris, [[Second French Empire|France]]
| father = [[Lucien Bonaparte|Lucien Bonaparte, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano]]
| mother = [[Alexandrine de Bleschamp]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Zénaïde Bonaparte|Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte]]|1822|1854|end=d}}
| children = {{Plainlist|[[#Family|12]], including
* [[Joseph Lucien Bonaparte|Joseph, 3rd Prince of Canino and Musignano]]
* [[Lucien Bonaparte (cardinal)|Lucien, 4th Prince of Canino and Musignano]]
* [[Augusta Bonaparte Gabrielli|Augusta, Princess Gabrielli]]
* [[Napoléon Charles Bonaparte, 5th Prince of Canino]]
}}
| occupation = Biologist, ornithologist
| awards = [[Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium]]
| author_abbrev_zoo = '''Bonaparte'''
| known_for = ''Iconografia della Fauna Italica''
}}
'''Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano''' (24 May 1803 – 29 July 1857) was a French [[naturalist]] and [[ornithology|ornithologist]], and a nephew of [[Napoleon]]. Lucien and his wife had twelve children, including Cardinal [[Lucien Bonaparte (cardinal)|Lucien Bonaparte]].

==Life and career==
Bonaparte was the son of [[Lucien Bonaparte]] and [[Alexandrine de Bleschamp]]. Lucien was a younger brother of [[Napoleon I of France| Napoleon I]], making Charles the emperor’s nephew. Born in [[Paris]],<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Lucien-Bonaparte-principe-di-Canimo-e-di-Muignano|title=Charles-Lucien Bonaparte, prince di Canino e di Musignano - French scientist|date=25 July 2023 }}</ref> he was raised in [[Italy]]. On 29 June 1822, he married his cousin, [[Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte|Zénaïde]], in [[Brussels]]. Soon after the marriage, the couple left for [[Philadelphia]] in the United States to live with Zénaïde's father, [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (who was also the paternal uncle of Charles).<ref name="appletons">{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Bonaparte, Charles Lucien Jules Laurent|year=1900}}</ref> Before leaving Italy, Charles had already discovered a [[Old World warbler|warbler]] new to science, the [[moustached warbler]], and on the voyage he collected specimens of a new [[Wilson's storm-petrel|storm-petrel]]. On arrival in the United States, he presented a paper on this new bird, which was later named after [[Alexander Wilson (ornithologist)|Alexander Wilson]].

He and his wife resided in the Lake House in his father-in-law's [[Point Breeze (estate)|Point Breeze]] estate in [[Bordentown, New Jersey]].<ref>[https://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php/Point_Breeze Point Breeze], [[National Gallery of Art]]. Accessed May 12, 2024. "Bonaparte’s daughter Zénaïde (1801–1854) resided in the Lake House with her husband, the ornithologist Charles-Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857), after they emigrated in 1823."</ref>

Bonaparte then set about studying the ornithology of the United States<ref name="appletons"/> and updating Wilson's ''Ornithology or History of the Birds of the United States''. The revised edition was published between 1825 and 1833. His other publications included "Observations on the Nomenclature of Wilson's Ornithology" (in the Journal of the Philadelphia Academy) and "Synopsis of the Birds of the United States" (in the Annals of the Lyceum of New York).<ref>https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=2003, Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent Bonaparte</ref> In 1824, Bonaparte tried to get the then unknown [[John James Audubon]] accepted by the [[Academy of Natural Sciences]], but this was opposed by the ornithologist [[George Ord]] who disliked Audubon's dramatic bird poses and considered him to be "a back-country upstart who romanticized his subject matter," according to the Audubon Galleries.<ref>https://www.audubongalleries.com/education/bonaparte.php, The Bonaparte Audubons</ref>

At the end of 1826, Bonaparte and his family returned to Europe. He visited Germany, where he met [[Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar]], and England, where he met [[John Edward Gray]] at the [[British Museum]], and renewed his acquaintance with Audubon. In 1828, the family settled in Rome. In Italy, he was the originator of several scientific congresses, and lectured and wrote extensively on American and European ornithology and other branches of natural history.<ref name="appletons"/> Between 1832 and 1841, Bonaparte published his work on the animals of Italy, ''Iconografia della Fauna Italica''. He had also published ''Specchio Comparativo delle Ornithologie di Roma e di Filadelfia'' (Pisa, 1827), presenting a comparison between birds of the latitude of Philadelphia and Italian species.<ref name="appletons"/> He created the genus ''[[Zenaida doves|Zenaida]]'', after his wife, for the mourning dove and its relatives. He was elected a member of the [[American Antiquarian Society]] in 1845.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistb|title=MemberListB}}</ref>

In 1840, he became Prince of Canino and Musignano after his father's death and became involved in politics, particularly the anti-Austrian party that he joined in 1848.<ref>https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=2003, Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent Bonaparte</ref> He did not, however, lose interest in his favourite studies for he organized and presided over several scientific congresses in Italy.

In 1849, he was elected to the Roman Assembly and participated in the creation of the [[Roman Republic (19th century)|Roman Republic]]. According to Jasper Ridley, when the Assembly convened for the first time: "When the name of Carlo Bonaparte, who was a member for Viterbo, was called, he replied to the roll-call by calling out ''Long live the Republic!''" (''Viva la Repubblica!'').<ref>{{cite book |first=Jasper |last=Ridley |title=Garibaldi |publisher=Viking Press |year=1976 |page=[https://archive.org/details/garibaldi00ridl/page/268 268] |isbn=0-670-33548-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/garibaldi00ridl/page/268 }}</ref> He participated in the defense of Rome against the 40,000 French troops sent by his cousin [[Napoleon III|Louis Napoleon]]. He left Rome after the Republican army was defeated in July 1849. He landed at Marseilles, but was ordered to leave the country by Louis Napoleon. He reaffirmed his political beliefs the following year in naming [[Wilson's bird-of-paradise]] (''Cicinnurus respublica'') in honor of the republican idea.

He travelled to the United Kingdom, attending the meeting of the [[British Association]] in [[Birmingham]]. He then visited Sir [[William Jardine (naturalist)|William Jardine]] in southern Scotland. Charles then began work on preparing a methodical classification of all the birds in the world, visiting museums across Europe to study the collections. In 1850,<ref name="appletons"/> he was allowed to return to France and made Paris his home for the rest of his life. In 1854, he became director of the [[Jardin des Plantes]].<ref name="appletons"/> In 1855, he was made a foreign member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]. He published the first volume of his ''Conspectus Generum Avium'' before his death, the second volume being edited by [[Hermann Schlegel]].{{cn|date=September 2024}}

Bonaparte also studied [[amphibian]]s and [[reptiles]], and is the author of ''[[Vipera ursinii]]'', commonly known as Orsini's viper.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

Bonaparte was extremely prolific and is responsible for coining Latin names for a large number of bird [[species]]. As of August 2019, in the online list of birds maintained by [[Frank Gill (ornithologist)|Frank Gill]] and David Donsker on behalf of the [[International Ornithological Committee]] (IOC), Bonaparte is credited as the authority for 165 [[genera]], 203 species and 262 subspecies.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=IOC World Bird List Version 9.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=6 September 2019 }}</ref> He was credited with [[Species description|describing]] a rare Australian bird, ''[[Menura alberti]]'' (Albert's lyrebird), although this was based on a technicality as English ornithologist [[John Gould]] had previously described the bird but the supplement containing the description was published after Bonaparte had made reference to it.<ref name=cehak2024>{{cite web | last=Cehak | first=Felix | title=Prince Albert had nothing to do with the lyrebird bearing his name. Should our birds be named after people? | website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] | date=4 March 2024 | url=https://theconversation.com/prince-albert-had-nothing-to-do-with-the-lyrebird-bearing-his-name-should-our-birds-be-named-after-people-217792 | access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>

Lucien Charles Bonaparte died in [[Paris]]<ref name="britannica.com"/> at age 54.

==In film==
In [[Luigi Magni]]'s film ''[[In the Name of the Sovereign People]]'' (1990), Bonaparte is played by [[Carlo Croccolo]].{{cn|date=September 2024}}

== Honours ==
* '''1823:''' Member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] in Philadelphia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1823&year-max=1823&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-06|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>
*'''1845''': Member of the [[Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium]].

==Family==
Prince Charles and Princess [[Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte|Zénaïde Bonaparte]] had twelve children, listed below:

{| class="wikitable"
!align="center" style="background: #f9f9f9; width:30em;" | Name
!align="center" style="background: #f9f9f9: width:12em:" | Date of birth
!align="center" style="background: #f9f9f9: width:12em:" | Date of death
|-
|[[Joseph Lucien Bonaparte|Joseph Lucien Charles Napoleon Bonaparte]], 3rd [[Prince of Canino and Musignano]]||13 February 1824||{{death date and age|1865|9|2|1824|2|13|df=y}}
|-
|Alexandrine Gertrude Zénaïde Bonaparte||9 June 1826 || May 1828 (age 2)
|-
|[[Lucien Louis Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte]], 4th [[Prince of Canino and Musignano]] and later a Cardinal||15 November 1828||{{death date and age|1895|11|19|1828|11|19|df=y}}
|-
|Julie Charlotte Bonaparte||5 June 1830||{{death date and age|1900|10|28|1830|6|5|df=y}}
|-
|Charlotte Honorine Joséphine Pauline Bonaparte||4 March 1832||{{death date and age|1901|10|1|1832|3|4|df=y}}
|-
|Léonie Stéphanie Elise Bonaparte||18 September 1833||{{death date and age|1839|9|14|1833|9|18|df=y}}
|-
|Marie Désirée Eugénie Joséphine Philomène Bonaparte||18 March 1835||{{death date and age|1890|8|28|1835|3|18|df=y}}
|-
|[[Augusta Bonaparte Gabrielli|Augusta Amélie Maximilienne Jacqueline Bonaparte]] (married the son of [[Charlotte Bonaparte Gabrielli]])||9 November 1836||{{death date and age|1900|3|29|1836|11|9|df=y}}
|-
|[[Napoléon Charles Grégoire Jacques Philippe Bonaparte]], 5th [[Prince of Canino and Musignano]]||5 February 1839||{{death date and age|1899|2|11|1839|2|5|df=y}}
|-
|Bathilde Aloïse Léonie Bonaparte||26 November 1840||{{death date and age|1861|6|9|1840|11|26|df=y}}
|-
|Albertine Marie Thérèse Bonaparte||12 March 1842||{{death date and age|1842|6|3|1842|3|12|df=y}}
|-
|Charles Albert Bonaparte||22 March 1843||{{death date and age|1847|12|6|1843|3|22|df=y}}
|-
|}

==Works==
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/159403#/summary ''American Ornithology, or, The Natural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States, not given by Wilson''] (4 vols., Philadelphia, 1825-1833). This work contains more than 100 new species discovered by Bonaparte.
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43559998 ''Conspectus Generum Avium'' (Leyden, 1850)]
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13412872 ''Revue critique de l'ornithologie Européenne'' (Brussels, 1850)]
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33463795 ''Monographie des loxiens'' (Leyden, 1850) in collaboration with H. Schlegel]
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33450568 ''Catalogue des oiseaux d'Europe'' (Paris, 1856)]
* ''Memoirs'' (New York, 1836)

In conjunction with M. de Pouancé, he also prepared descriptive catalogue of pigeons and one of parrots which were published after his death. Among his papers published are:
* “Observations on the Nomenclature of Wilson's ‘Ornithology,’” ''Journal'' of the Academy of Philadelphia
* “Synopsis of the Birds of the United States,” ''Annals'' of the Lyceum of New York
* “Catalogue of the Birds of the United States,” ''Contributions'' of the Maclurian Lyceum of Philadelphia

He published several scientific papers on ornithological topics in the [[Bologna|Bolognese]] journal ''Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali'', as Carlo Luciano Bonaparte.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8737#/summary |title=Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali |via=[[Biodiversity Heritage Library]]}}</ref>

==Taxa described==
*[[:Category:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte]]
as Bonaparte described over 500 species.

==Taxa named in honor==
Several birds are named after him:
*[[Bonaparte's gull]] - ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia''
*[[Bonaparte's nightjar]] - ''Caprimulgus concretus''
*[[Bonaparte's parakeet]] - ''Pyrrhura lucianii''
*[[Highland tinamou]] ''Nothocercus bonapartei''
*The Napoleon snake eel ''[[Ophichthus bonaparti]]'', also known as the Napoleon Eel, the Purplebanded Snake Eel, or the Saddled snake-eel is named after him.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/anguilliformes2/ | title = Order ANGUILLIFORMES: Family OPHICHTHIDAE | access-date = 1 March 2021 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018 | archive-date = 10 December 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211210090516/https://etyfish.org/anguilliformes2/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Phillip Drennon | date=2002 |title=The emperor of nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and his world. [Review of: Stroud, P.T. The emperor of nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and his world. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000] |journal=Journal of American History |volume=88 |issue=4 |pages=1517 | doi=10.2307/2700642 |jstor=2700642 | ref=none }}
*{{Cite book | last=Stroud | first=Patricia Tyson | date=2000 | title=The Emperor of Nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and His World | location=Philadelphia | publisher= University of Pennsylvania Press | isbn=978-0-8122-3546-3 | ref=none }}
* [[Barbara Mearns|Mearns, Barbara]] and Richard - ''Biographies for Birdwatchers'' {{ISBN|0-12-487422-3}}
* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent Bonaparte | ref=none}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ Zoologica] [[Göttingen State and University Library]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Bonaparte]]|24 May|1803|29 July|1857}}
{{s-reg|other}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Lucien Bonaparte|Lucien I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Canino and Musignano]]|years=1840–1857}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Joseph Lucien Bonaparte|Joseph]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Bonaparte family}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien}}
[[Category:French ornithologists]]
[[Category:French taxonomists]]
[[Category:1803 births]]
[[Category:1857 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Bonaparte|Charles Lucien Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium]]
[[Category:People from Bordentown, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Princes of France (Bonaparte)|Charles Lucien]]
[[Category:Princes of Canino and Musignano|Charles Lucien Bonaparte]]
[[Category:19th-century French zoologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Paris]]
[[Category:International members of the American Philosophical Society]]

Charles Lucien Bonaparte - Revision history

imported>BigBullfrog at 00:11, 21 September 2025

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