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{{Short description|American neurologist (1861–1936)}}
{{Infobox medical person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Charles Gilbert Chaddock
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Charles G. Chaddock (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date |1861|11|14}}
| birth_place = [[Jonesville, Michigan]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age |1936|07|20|1861|11|14}}
| death_place = [[St. Louis]], Missouri, U.S.
| death_cause =
| nationality = 
| citizenship = 
| education = [[Michigan Medicine|University of Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery]]
| occupation = [[Neurologist]], [[psychiatrist]], [[translator]]
| years_active =
| known_for = Describing the [[Chaddock reflex]] and the first use of the words ''[[bisexuality]]'', ''[[heterosexuality]]'', and ''[[homosexuality]]'' in the [[English language]]<ref name="Nadal 2017"/><ref name="etymon"/>
| relations =
| website =
| profession =
| field =
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| prizes =
| child =
| module2 =
| signature = Charles Gilbert Chaddock signature.svg
}}

'''Charles Gilbert Chaddock''' (November 14, 1861 – July 20, 1936) was an American [[neurologist]], [[psychiatrist]], and [[translator]]. He is remembered for describing the [[Chaddock reflex]] and is credited with introducing the terms ''[[bisexuality]]'', ''[[heterosexuality]]'', and ''[[homosexuality]]'' from German into the [[English language]].<ref name="Nadal 2017">{{cite book |last=Nadal |first=Kevin L. |title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender |publication-place=Thousand Oaks, California |date=2017 |isbn=978-1-4833-8426-9 |oclc=994139871 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]}}</ref><ref name="etymon">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bisexuality |title=Bisexuality |access-date=16 February 2007 |author=Harper, Douglas |date=November 2001 |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |archive-date=26 October 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041026012832/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bisexuality |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Charles Gilbert Chaddock was born on November 14, 1861, in [[Jonesville, Michigan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=O'Leary |first1=James L. |last2=Moore |first2=Walter L. |date=1953 |title=Charles Gilbert Chaddock: His Life and Contributions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24619896 |journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=301–317 |doi=10.1093/jhmas/VIII.July.301 |jstor=24619896 |pmid=13069695 |issn=0022-5045|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1885, he graduated from the [[Michigan Medicine|University of Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery]], then worked at the [[North Michigan Asylum]] in [[Traverse City]] as a staff physician. From 1889 to 1890, Chaddock studied in Munich. On his return, he again worked at the Asylum, before, in 1892, becoming Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases at Marion-Sims College, which later became part of the [[Saint Louis University School of Medicine]]. He married Adelaide Gowans MacPherson in 1890.<ref name=":0" /> Baddock returned to Europe in 1897, spending most of the time as assistant to [[Joseph Babinski]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goetz |first=Christopher G. |date=2002 |title=History of the Extensor Plantar Response: Babinski and Chaddock Signs |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-2002-36761 |journal=Seminars in Neurology |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=391–398 |doi=10.1055/s-2002-36761 |pmid=12539060 |issn=0271-8235|url-access=subscription }}</ref> On his return to the United States in 1899, Chaddock introduced American physicians to [[Babinski sign|Babinski's sign]], later publishing a translation of Babinski's work.<ref>Chaddock CG. Translation of J Babinski: tendon reflexes and bone reflexes: an authorized translation. ''Interstate Med J'' 1914;21:75-84, 178-185, 585-594, 1047-1054</ref> Chaddock introduced his [[Chaddock reflex|eponymous reflex]] in 1911, calling it the ''External Malleolar sign''.<ref>Chaddock CG. A preliminary consideration concerning a new diagnostic nervous sign. ''Interstate Med J'' 1911;12:742-746</ref><ref>Chaddock CG. The external malleolar sign. ''Interstate Med J'' 1911;13:1026-1038</ref> He also described an analogous sign in the upper limb.<ref>Chaddock CG. A new reflex phenomenon in the hand: the wrist-sign. ''Interstate Med J'' 1912;19:127-131</ref> Chaddock died on July 20, 1936.<ref name=":0" /> He was interred by a Protestant reverend in Oakwood Cemetery, [[Allegan, Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1936-07-23 |title=Untitled |work=Allegan Gazette |url=https://images.findagrave.com/photos/2020/37/28269409_eb342ecf-fe6d-4cd6-9274-adfa509c827f.jpeg|access-date=2022-07-08}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Chaddock is credited with the first use of the words ''[[heterosexuality]]'' and ''[[homosexuality]]'' in the [[English language]],<ref name="Nadal 2017"/> as well as the first use of the word ''[[bisexuality]]'' in its sense of being sexually attracted to both women and men,<ref name="Nadal 2017"/><ref name="etymon"/> in his translation of [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing|Richard von Krafft-Ebing's]] ''[[Psychopathia Sexualis]]'' in 1892.<ref>[[Susan Ackerman (biblical scholar)|Susan Ackerman]], ''When Heroes Love: The Ambiguity of Eros in the Stories of Gilgamesh and David''. [[Cambridge University Press]], 2005, {{ISBN|0231132603}}, p. 5.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Significant Gay Events ~ Timeline |url=http://www.gpascotland.com/Reference_files/GPA%20Gay%20Events%20Timeline.pdf |url-status=dead |accessdate=2014-03-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172313/http://www.gpascotland.com/Reference_files/GPA%20Gay%20Events%20Timeline.pdf |archivedate=2014-03-15}}</ref> Prior to Von Krafft-Ebing's new use of the term, "bisexual" was usually used to refer to [[hermaphrodite|hermaphroditic]] plants, that is having both male and female reproductive structures, or to refer to mixed-sex situations such as coed schools.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikisource|1=Author:Charles Gilbert Chaddock|2=Charles Gilbert Chaddock}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Charles Gilbert Chaddock |sopt=t}}
* {{Gutenberg author|id=53100|name=Charles Gilbert Chaddock}}
* [https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Chaddock%2C%20Charles%20Gilbert%2C%201861- Works by or about Charles Gilbert Chaddock] at the Online Books Page
* {{Find a Grave|id=28269409}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaddock, Charles Gilbert}}
[[Category:1861 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American physicians]]
[[Category:19th-century American translators]]
[[Category:20th-century American physicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American translators]]
[[Category:American neurologists]]
[[Category:American psychiatrists]]
[[Category:People from Jonesville, Michigan]]
[[Category:Saint Louis University faculty]]
[[Category:University of Michigan Medical School alumni]]

Charles Gilbert Chaddock - Revision history

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