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{{Short description|Football team of Carlisle Indian Industrial School}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox college football team
| TeamName = Carlisle Indians football
| Image =
| ImageSize =
| FirstYear = 1893
| LastYear = 1917
| Location = [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| NCAAdivision = Division I
| Conference = Independent
| Stadium =
| StadCapacity =
| StadSurface =
| ATWins = 173
| ATLosses = 92
| ATTies = 13
| AllAmericans =
| uniform =
| FightSong =
| MascotDisplay =
| MascotLink =
| MarchingBand =
| Rivalries =
}}
The '''Carlisle Indians football''' team represented the [[Carlisle Indian Industrial School]] in [[college football|intercollegiate football]] competition. The program was active from 1893 until 1917, when it was discontinued. During the program's 25 years, the Indians compiled a 167–88–13 record and 0.647 [[winning percentage]], which makes it the most successful defunct major college football program.<ref name="ncaa"/> During the early 20th century, Carlisle was a national football powerhouse, and regularly competed against other major programs such as the [[Ivy League]] schools. Several notable players and coaches were associated with the team, including [[Pop Warner]] and [[Jim Thorpe]].

==History==
{{See also|List of Carlisle Indians football seasons}}
[[File:Portrait of College Football Team, The "Pirates," in Partial Uniform, and with Man in Business Suit 1879.jpg|thumb|An early football team, called the "Pirates", at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in 1879]]
The Carlisle Indian Industrial School was founded in 1879 by an American [[cavalry]] officer, [[Richard Henry Pratt]], in [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania]]. Its purpose was to facilitate the assimilation of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] population into mainstream American society.<ref name="npr">[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10217979 Gridiron Guts: The Story of Football's Carlisle Indians], NPR, May 19, 2007.</ref>

In 1893, the Indians played their first season recognized by the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]].<ref name="ncaa">''Official 2007 NCAA Division I Records Book'', National Collegiate Athletic Association, p. 399, 2007.</ref> The Indians were consistently outsized by the teams they scheduled, and they in turn relied on speed and guile to remain competitive. Carlisle's playbook gave rise to many [[trick play]]s and other innovations that are now commonplace in American football. The overhand spiral throw and [[play-action pass|hand-off fake]] are both credited to Carlisle.<ref name="npr"/><ref name="wapo"/> Other trick plays innovated by the Carlisle Indians cannot be used because the NCAA instituted rules specifically prohibiting them after Carlisle used them.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

[[File:1911_Carlisle_Indians_FB_team.jpg|left|thumb|The 1911 Carlisle Indians football team pose with a game ball from the upset of Harvard. Coach "Pop" Warner (standing, third from right) and Jim Thorpe (seated, third from right) are pictured]]
In 1903, an Indian team coached by [[Pop Warner]] first employed its infamous "hidden-ball play" against heavily favored [[Harvard Crimson football|Harvard]]. Warner, as coach at [[Cornell Big Red football|Cornell]], had already used it against [[Penn State Nittany Lions football|Penn State]] in 1897, but it had not achieved much notice. Carlisle led Harvard at halftime, and hoping to keep the game's momentum, Warner elected to try the play on the ensuing [[Kickoff (American football)|kickoff]]. Harvard executed the kick, and the Indians formed a circle around the [[kick return|returner]]. With the aid of a specially altered jersey, the ball was placed up the back of the returner. The Indians broke the huddle and spread out in different directions. Each player feigned carrying the ball, except Dillon, the man with the ball up the back of his jersey. The ruse confused the Crimson players, and they scrambled to find the ball carrier. Dillon, with both his hands free, was ignored by the searching Harvard players, and he ran untouched into the [[end zone]]. With the score, Carlisle extended its lead to 11–0, but Harvard came back and eventually won 12–11. Nevertheless, the close match, and trick play, resulted in national attention.<ref name="npr"/><ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/id/35160 Football, the Indian Way], ''Newsweek'', April 27, 2007.</ref> Warner had learned the trick from [[John Heisman]] while facing [[1895 Auburn Tigers football team|Auburn]] in 1895 during his tenure as coach of the [[Georgia Bulldogs football|Georgia Bulldogs]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = Jim Thorpe: A Biography|last = Cook|first = William|date = 29 July 2011|isbn = 9780786485772|pages = 27|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ORF6AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27}}</ref>
After the 1903 season, coach "Pop" Warner resigned from his position as head coach due to issues with a player and with Henry Pratt, who also resigned later that year. But right before the 1907 season,"Pop" Warner returned to the Carlisle Indians football team as the coach and with no Henry Pratt around, he was very much free to run the team all by himself with no supervision and it was during these years in the post- Pratt era that Carlisle Indians football team was able to defeat the biggest football teams in the country.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Carlisle Indian Industrial School|last = Bloom|first = John|date = 1 October 2016|isbn = 9780803278912|pages = 414|url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1dwssxz.12}}</ref>
In 1907, [[Jim Thorpe]], undersized even for the Indians, persuaded Warner to allow him to try out for the team. Thorpe immediately impressed his coach and secured a [[starting lineup|starting]] position on the team.<ref name="wapo">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/12/AR2007051201395.html Carlisle Indians made it a whole new ballgame], ''The Washington Post'', May 13, 2007.</ref> On October 26, 1907, [[Jim Thorpe]] and Carlisle trounced a powerful [[University of Pennsylvania]] team, 26–6, before an overflow crowd of 20,000 at [[Franklin Field]].<ref>{{cite news|title=15 Most memorable Phila. sports moments. |date=2009-05-09 |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/nation_world/20090529_During_The_Inquirer_s_180_years__a_city_that_loves_NO_HEAD_SPECIFIED.html |access-date=2009-11-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926082141/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/nation_world/20090529_During_The_Inquirer_s_180_years__a_city_that_loves_NO_HEAD_SPECIFIED.html |archive-date=September 26, 2009 }}</ref> After graduating from Carlisle, he went on to stardom in numerous athletic endeavors, including as an Olympic athlete and professional player in football, baseball, and basketball.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1953/03/29/archives/jim-thorpe-is-dead-on-west-coast-at-64-jim-thorpe-dead-on-the-coast.html Jim Thorpe Is Dead On West Coast at 64], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 28, 1953.</ref>

In 1911, the Indians posted an 11–1 record, which included one of the greatest upsets in college football history. Against Harvard, Thorpe scored all of the Indians' points in a shocking upset over the period powerhouse, 18–15. The only loss for Carlisle came at the hands of [[Syracuse Orange football|Syracuse]] the following week, 12–11.<ref>[http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/discontinued/c/carlisle/yearly_results.php?year=1910 Carlisle Indian School Game by Game Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427115552/http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/discontinued/c/carlisle/yearly_results.php?year=1910 |date=2015-04-27 }}, College Football Data Warehouse, retrieved March 12, 2009.</ref>

On November 9, 1912, Carlisle was to meet the [[U.S. Military Academy]] in a game at [[West Point, New York]], between two of the top teams in the country. Pop Warner spoke to his team: "Your fathers and your grandfathers," Warner began, "are the ones who fought their fathers. These men playing against you today are soldiers. They are the Long Knives. You are Indians. Tonight, we will know if you are warriors." That dramatic evening Carlisle routed Army 27–6. That game, played just 22 years after the last Army battle with the [[Sioux#Republic of Lakota|Lakota/Sioux]] at the [[Battle of Wounded Knee|Wounded Knee]], featured not only Jim Thorpe, but nine future generals including a linebacker named [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].<ref>Jenkins, p.2-6.</ref> "It was an exquisitely apt piece of national theater: a contest between Indians and soldiers."<ref>Jenkins 2</ref>

The Indians' last season of play was 1917. The school folded at the end of the 1917–18 school year. Many of the Indians' players eventually ended up in the [[National Football League]] and at other professional football teams during the 1920s.

==Captains==
{| class= "wikitable"
! style= {{CollegePrimaryStyle|Carlisle Indians|color=#FFFFFF}}| Year
! style= {{CollegePrimaryStyle|Carlisle Indians|color=#FFFFFF}}| Captain
|-
|1893||
|-
|1894 ||
|-
|1895 || [[Bemus Pierce]]
|-
|1896|| Bemus Pierce
|-
|1897|| Bemus Pierce
|-
|1898 || [[Frank Hudson (American football)|Frank Hudson]]
|-
|1899|| [[Martin Wheelock]]
|-
|1900 ||[[Eddie Rogers|Edward Rogers]]
|-
|1901||Martin Wheelock
|-
|1902||
|-
|1903|| [[Jimmy Johnson (quarterback)|Jimmy Johnson]]
|-
|1904||
|-
|1905||
|-
|1906 ||[[Albert Exendine]]
|-
|1907|| Antonio Lubo
|-
|1908 || Emil Hauser (aka Waseuka)
|-
|1909|| Joe Libby
|-
|1910|| [[Peter Hauser (American football)|Pete Hauser]]
|-
|1911|| Sampson Bird
|-
|1912 ||[[Jim Thorpe]]
|-
|1913|| [[Gus Welch]]
|-
|1914 || [[Pete Calac]]
|-
|1915||
|-
|1916|| George May <ref>The Carlisle Arrow, Volume 13, Number 16, Page 1, December 22, 1916</ref>
|-
|1917||
|}

==All-time team==
Coach Warner was once asked by a reporter of the Carlisle Herald to name an all-time team.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045433/1913-11-10/ed-1/seq-8/|work=The Washington Herald|page=8|date=November 10, 1913|title=G. U. Chances To Win Slim|author=William Peet|via=[[Chronicling America]]|access-date=April 4, 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref> It includes:<br>
'''Line'''
*[[Albert Exendine]], end
*[[Martin Wheelock]], tackle
*[[Bemus Pierce]], guard
*William Garlowe, center
*Charles Dillon, guard
*Emil Hauser, tackle
*[[Eddie Rogers|Edward Rogers]], end
'''Backfield'''
*[[Jimmy Johnson (quarterback)|Jimmy Johnson]], quarterback
*[[Jim Thorpe]], halfback
*[[Joe Guyon]], halfback
*[[Peter Hauser (American football)|Pete Hauser]], fullback

==Results==
{{Further|List of Carlisle Indians football seasons}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Lars |title=Carlisle vs. Army: Jim Thorpe, Dwight Eisenhower, Pop Warner, and the Forgotten Story of Football's Greatest Battle |edition=Paperback |year=2008 |orig-year=2007 |publisher=[[Random House]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8129-7731-8 |pages=349 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Jenkins |first1=Sally |author-link1=Sally Jenkins |title=The Real All Americans: The Team That Changed a Game, a People, a Nation |edition=First |year=2007 |publisher=[[Random House]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-385-51987-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/realallamericans00jenk/page/343 343] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/realallamericans00jenk/page/343 }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category}}
{{Carlisle_Indians_football_navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carlisle Indians Football}}
[[Category:Carlisle Indians football| ]]
[[Category:American football teams established in 1893]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1917]]
[[Category:1893 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1917 disestablishments in Pennsylvania]]

Carlisle Indians football - Revision history

imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao: add {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}