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{{Short description|0-6-0 steam tender locomotives}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = Caledonian Railway 812 and 652 Classes
| powertype = Steam
| image = Corkerhill Locomotive Depot ex-Caledonian '812' class 0-6-0 geograph-2804468-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg
| imagesize = 350
| caption = Ex-CR 812 class No. 17596 at Corkerhill Locomotive Depot on 15 August 1948
| designer = [[John F. McIntosh]]
| builder = {{ubl|CR [[St. Rollox railway works|St. Rollox Works]](46)|[[Dübs & Co.]] (15)|[[Neilson & Co.|Neilson, Reid & Co.]] (20)|[[Sharp Stewart]] (15)}}
| ordernumber =
| serialnumber =
| buildmodel =
| builddate = 1899–1909
| totalproduction = 79 (812) / 17 (652) / 96 (total)
| rebuilder =
| rebuilddate =
| numberrebuilt =
| whytetype = {{whyte|0-6-0}}
| uicclass = Cn
| gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| driverdiameter = {{convert|5|ft|0|in|3|abbr=on}}
| minimumcurve =
| wheelbase =
| length = {{convert|56|ft|2|in|abbr=on}}
| width =
| height =
| axleload =
| weightondrivers =
| locoweight = {{convert|45.65|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}
| tenderweight =
| locotenderweight =
| tendertype =
| fueltype =
| fuelcap =
| watercap = {{convert|3000|impgal|abbr=on}}
| tendercap =
| sandcap =
| boiler =
| boilerpressure = {{convert|160|psi|abbr=on}}
| feedwaterheater =
| firearea =
| tubearea =
| fluearea =
| tubesandflues =
| fireboxarea =
| totalsurface =
| superheatertype = None
| cylindercount = Two, inside
| cylindersize = {{convert|18.5|x|26|in|0|abbr=on}}
| valvegear = [[Stephenson valve gear|Stephenson]]
| valvetype = [[Slide valve]]s
| valvetravel =
| valvelap =
| valvelead =
| transmission =
| poweroutput =
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|20170|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}
| factorofadhesion =
| trainheating =
| locobrakes =
| locobrakeforce =
| trainbrakes =
| safety =
| operator = {{ubl|[[Caledonian Railway]]|[[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]]|[[British Railways]]}}
| operatorclass = CR: 812 and 652
| powerclass = LMS/BR: 3F
| numinclass = 79 (812) 17 (652)
| fleetnumbers = {{ubl|CR: 282-293, 812-878 (812) 325-328, 652-659, 661-665 (652)|LMS: 17550-17628 (812) 17629-17645 (652)|BR: 57550-57628 (812) 57629-57645 (652)}}
| officialname =
| nicknames =
| axleloadclass =
| locale = [[Scottish Region of British Railways|Scottish Region]]
| deliverydate =
| firstrundate =
| lastrundate =
| withdrawndate = 1948–1963
| preservedunits = No. 828
| restoredate =
| scrapdate =
| currentowner =
| disposition = One 812 preserved, remainder scrapped
}}
The '''Caledonian Railway 812 and 652 Classes''' were 0-6-0 steam [[tender locomotive]]s designed by [[John F. McIntosh]] for the [[Caledonian Railway]] and introduced in 1899. They had the same boiler type as the [[Caledonian Railway 721 Class|721 “Dunalastair” Class]] [[4-4-0]]s. They could reach speeds of up to {{cvt|55|mph|km/h}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=Train: The Definitive Visual History |publisher=DK Press |page=98}}</ref>

== Construction ==
96 locomotives were built, as follows:

{|class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center
|+Table of locomotives, 812 Class
! Year !! Quantity !! CR Nos. !! Builder !! Builders No. !! LMS Nos. !! BR Nos. !! Notes
|-
| 1899 || 17 || 812–828 || [[St. Rollox railway works|CR, St. Rollox]] || Y054 || 17550–17566 || 57550–57566 || 828 preserved
|-
| 1899 || 10 || 829–838 || [[Neilson and Company|Neilson, Reid & Co.]] || 5613–5622 || 17567–17576 || 57568–57576 || 17567 withdrawn before nationalisation
|-
| 1900 || 10 || 839–848 || [[Neilson and Company|Neilson, Reid & Co.]] || 5623–5632 || 17577–17586 || 57577–57586 ||
|-
| 1900 || 15 || 849–863 || [[Sharp Stewart]] || 4633–4647 || 17587–17601 || {{ubl|57587–57597,|57599–57601}} || 17598 withdrawn before nationalisation
|-
| c.1900 || 15 || 864–878 || [[Dübs & Co.]] || 3880–3894 || 17602–17616 || {{ubl|57602–57609,|57611–57616}} || 17610 withdrawn before nationalisation
|-
| 1899 || 12 || 282–293 || [[St. Rollox railway works|CR, St. Rollox]] || Y058 || 17617–17628 || 57617–57628 ||
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center
|+Table of locomotives, 652 Class
! Year !! Quantity !! CR Nos. !! Builder !! Builders No. !! LMS Nos. !! BR Nos. || Notes
|-
| 1908 || 8 || 652–659 || [[St. Rollox railway works|CR, St. Rollox]] || Y087-Y086 || 17629–17636 || 57629–57636 ||
|-
| 1908 || 4 || 662–665 || [[St. Rollox railway works|CR, St. Rollox]] || Y086 || 17637–17640 || 57637–57640 ||
|-
| 1909 || 4 || 325–328 || [[St. Rollox railway works|CR, St. Rollox]] || Y086 || 17641–17644 || 57641–57644 ||
|-
| 1909 || 1 || 661 || [[St. Rollox railway works|CR, St. Rollox]] || Y086 || 17645 || 57645 ||
|}

Seventeen were fitted with the [[Westinghouse air brake]]s for passenger train working, including the only surviving engine of the class, No. 828. All 96 passed to the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] at the [[Railways Act 1921|1923 grouping]]. Only three, 17567, 17598 and 17610 (all 812s), had been withdrawn by the time of nationalisation in 1948. The last locomotive in service was not withdrawn until 1963.

== Preservation ==
[[File:Hugh llewelyn 828 (6883953150).jpg|thumb|right|Locomotive 828 on the [[Severn Valley Railway]], 25 March 2012]]
Locomotive 828 (LMS 17566, BR 57566) is the sole survivor of the class and is an important example of Scottish industrial heritage. It is based at the [[Strathspey Railway (preserved)|Strathspey Railway]]. It was returned to regular service in 2010 and then again in March 2017 following heavy repairs. 828 is the final member of the first batch of engines built in 1899. Since 2022 it has been on long term hire to the [[Spa Valley Railway]] in Kent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-12 |title=Spa Valley Railway to welcome Caledonian Railway steam locomotive No. 828 |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/11/spa-valley-railway-to-welcome-caledonian-railway-steam-locomotive-no-828.html |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=RailAdvent |language=en-GB}}</ref> where it joined fellow Caledonian survivor [[Caledonian Railway 439 Class|419]] during the Scottish Steam Up over Easter 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scottish Steam Up! « Spa Valley Railway |url=https://www.spavalleyrailway.co.uk/product.php/297/scottish-steam-up#:~:text=The%20Scottish%20Steam%20Up%20took,event%20in%20our%20railways%20history. |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=www.spavalleyrailway.co.uk}}</ref>

== Belgian derivatives ==
[[File:HMGunBocheBusterTrain1918.jpg|thumb|A Type 30 engine used by the [[Railway Operating Division]]]]

[[Belgian State Railways]] (SNCB-NMBS) derived three series of steam locomotives (891 units) from the class 812 between 1899 and 1914. They had a shallower [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]], able to burn semi-bituminous coal and [[briquette]]s, allowing a shorter wheelbase due to its positioning above the rear axle. There were three classes:
*[[Belgian State Railways Type 30|Type 30]] – first variant with several details in common with the Caledonian engines (cab windows, gauges, and tender coupling). 82 built between 1899 and 1901.
*[[Belgian State Railways Type 32|Type 32]] (later renamed Type 44) – more powerful and fitted with a Belgian cab, higher steam pressure, new gauges and tender coupling. 502 built between 1901 and 1910.
*{{Interlanguage link|Belgian State Railways Type 32S|lt=Type 32S|fr|Type 41 (SNCB)|WD=}} (later renamed Type 41) – same features but improved with a Schmidt [[superheater]]. 307 built between 1905 and 1914.
Until 1909, they were the only new engines used with freight trains. They were also used on suburban and local passenger trains and some expresses on hilly sections. Most of them were retired between 1947 and 1959. Some of them were then used as stationary boilers and two of them (44.225 and 41.195) survive in museums. A third one (44.021) was kept as a parts donor and scrapped in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/tales/belgiumtales01.htm |title=Former Belgian Steam Heating Locomotives |access-date=25 May 2018 |archive-date=25 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525133700/http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/tales/belgiumtales01.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Models ==
[[Rails of Sheffield]] announced at the opening of Model Rail Scotland on 23 February 2018, that in conjunction with [[Bachmann Branchline|Bachmann]] Europe Plc they have reached agreement with The Caledonian Railway 828 Trust to produce [[OO gauge|OO scale]] models of the 812 Class 0-6-0 locomotives.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.bachmann.co.uk/2018/02/caledonian-railway-812-class-0-6-0/ |title=Bachmann Europe News - Caledonian Railway Class 812 0-6-0 Announcement |date=23 February 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.keymodelworld.com/article/rails-sheffield-caledonian-812-0-6-0-oo |title=Key Model World - Rails' Caley '812' is here! |date=19 October 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Locomotives of the Caledonian Railway]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
*{{0-7110-0554-0|pages=178–179}}{{Unused source|date=October 2024}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Caledonian Railway 812 class}}
* [http://www.caley828.co.uk/index.html The Caley 828 Overhaul Website]
* [https://www.railuk.info/steam/getsteamclass.php?item=3F-J Rail UK database 812 and 652 Classes]

{{Caledonian Railway locomotives}}

[[Category:Caledonian Railway locomotives|812]]
[[Category:0-6-0 locomotives]]
[[Category:C n2 locomotives]]
[[Category:Dübs locomotives]]
[[Category:Neilson locomotives]]
[[Category:Sharp Stewart locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1899]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain]]

Caledonian Railway 812 and 652 Classes - Revision history

2604:3D09:96F:B800:DDE2:1FEF:8DDF:BE2A: /* External links */ Adding categories