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Added non-breaking space to non-template file size, frequency, bitrate, and bandwidth values (via WP:JWB)

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{{Short description|Academic computer network in China}}
{{update|date=January 2017}}
The '''China Education and Research Network''' ('''CERNET'''; {{zh|s=中国教育和科研计算机网|p=Zhōngguó jiàoyù hé kēyán jìsuànjī wǎng}}) is the first [[National research and education network|nationwide education and research]] [[computer network]] in [[China]]. The CERNET project is funded by the [[Government of the People's Republic of China|Chinese government]] and directly managed by the [[Chinese Ministry of Education]]. It is constructed and operated by [[Tsinghua University]] and the other leading Chinese universities.

==Structure==
CERNET has a four-layer hierarchy (the nationwide backbone, regional networks, provincial networks and campus networks). CERNET National Center is located in [[Tsinghua University]], which is responsible for operation and management of CERNET backbone nationwide. The ten regional network centers and main nodes are distributed in [[Tsinghua University]], [[Peking University]], [[Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications]], [[Shanghai Jiaotong University]], [[Xi'an Jiaotong University]], [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]], [[South China Institute of Technology]], [[University of Electronic Science and Technology of China]], [[Southeast University]] and [[Northeastern University (China)|Northeast University]], which are responsible for operation, management, planning and construction of CERNET regional backbones.

CERNET provincial nodes are distributed among 38 universities in 36 cities around the country.

==Data and statistics==
[[File:CERNET Backbone.png|thumb|Sketch of the CERNET backbone]]
By the end of 2000, [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]] of CERNET backbone has been up to 2.5 Gbit/s. CERNET has 12 global and regional channels connected with the [[United States]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[Germany]], [[Japan]] and [[Hong Kong]], the international gateway bandwidth over 250 Mbit/s. The transmission rate of the regional networks has reached 155 Mbit/s. More than 2,000 education and research institutions, 1.2 million PCs and 20 million end users have connected to CERNET.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrc.tsinghua.edu.cn/7_english/Situation1.htm |title=CERNET Backbone. Tsinghua University |publisher=Nrc.tsinghua.edu.cn |accessdate=2014-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216124621/http://www.nrc.tsinghua.edu.cn/7_english/Situation1.htm# |archive-date=2012-02-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Developments==
[[File:HUST CERNET satellite dish 4122.jpg|thumb|An early CERNET satellite ground station, displayed as a memorial on the [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]] campus in [[Wuhan]]]]
CERNET has been powered to allow access by most higher education institutions nationwide with backbone upgrades and expansions having been accomplished in eight regions. The large-scale China Education Information System has been built up. Mirroring systems for discipline-specific information of famous overseas universities, and a full-text search system for higher education and key subject information will soon be set up.

CERNET is an important platform for China's remote learning initiative. To accommodate demands of distance learning program as defined in Education Revitalizing Initiative Oriented to 21st century, CERNET high-speed backbone was started in 1999. By leveraging the existing fiber infrastructure and resources from state and local treasury, CERNET has completed 40% of the 20,000 km high-speed transmission link crossing 29 provincial capitals, and cut over the 2.5G high-speed trunks from [[Beijing]] via [[Wuhan]] to [[Guangzhou]], and from Wuhan via [[Nanjing]] to [[Shanghai]]. Nowadays, the medium-to-high-speed regional network (155M) connecting 21 cities is just under construction. Some 40 to 50 universities and colleges have accessed to CERNET backbone at speed of 10M to 100M.

As a pioneer in Internet study in China, operation of CERNET and advancing CERNET management. CERNET, a computer network independently designed, constructed and managed by technical personnel at home, is technologically powerful. In network construction, CERNET attaches highest importance to network security. In 1999, CERNET set up China's first network contingency response center called CCERT. Up to date, CCERT has handled more than 2000 network security cases, efficiently ensuring normal operation of CERNET and advancing CERNET management.

==Experimentation and research==
CERNET is also the experiment platform for China to proceed with study on next generation of Internet applications, and has played a major role in the [[China Next Generation Internet]] effort. Relying on current network facilities and technical competence, CERNET has set up the [[IPv6]], an experiment platform with nationwide coverage. In 1998, CERNET joined [[6bone]], an experimental IP-based network of next generation, and became a backbone member of it in November. CERNET is the first in China that interconnects with [[Internet2]], the next generation of Internet, providing its users with an easy access to Internet2.

CERNET is an important cultivation base for information and network professionals in China. For example, in the study program for computer information network and its application in the "State Key Sci-tech Breakthrough Project during [[Ninth Five-Year Plan (People's Republic of China)|Ninth Five-Year Plan]] Period", researchers from CERNET and other partner organizations published more than one hundred academic papers both at home and abroad, representing a significant achievement in IT competence fostering.

Furthermore, CERNET supports and guarantees implementation of a batch of important Internet application projects in China. For example, the on-line enrollment and admission system played a crucial role in the 2000 admission season around the country. Moreover, CERNET enhances the information infrastructure in China, shortens the gap between China and the west in information industry, and plays a pioneer role in China's information initiative.

==See also==
*[[China's Next Generation Internet]]
*[[EUChinaGRID]]
*[[IPv6 deployment#China|IPv6 deployment in China]]
*[[Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.konceptusa.com/3g/index.php?cmp=news_details&sr_no=212/ CERNET-Koncept Joint Venture]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081219063350/http://www.cernet2.edu.cn/index_en.htm CERNET 2 (next generation network)]
* [http://www.cstnet.net.cn/ CSTNET - CHINA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NETWORK] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114012302/http://www.cstnet.net.cn/ |date=2018-01-14 }}

{{Telecommunications in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Education in China]]
[[Category:Internet in China]]
[[Category:National research and education networks]]
[[Category:Tsinghua University]]

CERNET - Revision history

imported>CoolieCoolster: Added non-breaking space to non-template file size, frequency, bitrate, and bandwidth values (via WP:JWB)