imported>Kiwipete: Use TERYT template, 1921 census

2025-06-24T21:31:13Z

Use TERYT template, 1921 census

New page

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bukowsko
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Bukowsko kosciol gmina.jpg
| image_caption = Main street in Bukowsko, Catholic Church and city bank.
| image_flag =
| image_shield = POL Bukowsko COA old.svg
| motto =
| nickname =
| etymology = Its name comes from the Slavic word ''buk'', meaning "[[beech]]" (''[[beech]] [[wood]]'')
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Podkarpackie Voivodeship|name=Subcarpathian}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of Polish counties|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sanok County|Sanok]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Bukowsko|Bukowsko]]
| image_map =
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = top
| coordinates = {{coord|49|28|44|N|22|03|37|E|display=title,inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1361
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 8.2
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 340
| elevation_ft =
| population_as_of = 31 December 2002
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1500
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 38 504
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| geocode =
| iso_code =
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plate|Car plate]]
| blank_info = KUS, RSA
| website = http://www.bukowsko.pl
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bukowsko''' ({{IPA|pl|buˈkɔfskɔ|lang}}) is a [[village]] in [[Sanok County]], [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]], [[Poland]].{{TERYT}} It lies in the [[Pogórze Bukowskie|Bukowsko Upland]] mountains. During the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] it was in [[Lesser Poland]] [[prowincja]].

==Characteristics==
Bukowsko is the administrative and cultural centre of the [[Gmina Bukowsko]]. It is crossed by the [[Rail transport|rail road]] connecting it with Slovakia. It is especially the private sector and [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service industries]] that are developing rapidly at this time.

It is home to the Uniwersytet Ludowy, opened in 2005, which contains many artworks and effects of the folk handworks inspiration. Bukowsko is situated in the poorest region of Poland.

==History==
Settled in [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]], the southern-eastern Poland region that is now Podkarpacie was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the [[Celts]], [[Goths]] and [[Vandals]] ([[Przeworsk culture]]). After [[Decline of the Roman Empire|the fall of the Roman Empire]], of which most of south-eastern Poland was part (all parts below the [[San River|San]]), the area was invaded by [[Hungarian people|Hungarians]] and Slavs.

The region subsequently became part of the [[Great Moravia]]n state. Upon the invasion of the [[Hungarian people|Hungarian tribes]] into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the [[Lendians]] of the area declared their allegiance to [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian Empire]]. The region then became a site of contention between [[Poland]], Kievan Rus and [[Hungary]] starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by [[Nestor the Chronicler|Nestor]]), when [[Vladimir I of Kiev|Volodymyr the Great]] of [[Kievan Rus'|Kievan Rus]] took the area over on the way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 [[Casimir III the Great|Casimir III of Poland]] recovered it.

In [[history|historical records]] the village was first mentioned in 1361. During 966–1018, 1340–1772 ([[Ruthenian Voivodeship]]) and during 1918–39 Bukowsko was part of Poland. While during 1772–1918 it belonged to [[Austrian Empire|Austrian empire]], later [[Austria-Hungary|Austrian-Hungarian empire]] when double monarchy was introduced in Austria. This part of Poland was controlled by [[Austria]] for almost 120 years. At that time the area (including west and east of [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship|Subcarpathian Voivodship]]) was known as [[Galicia (East-Central Europe)|Galicia]]. It was given the [[Magdeburg rights|Magdeburg law]] in 1768. In 1785 the village lands comprised {{convert|6.5|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. There were 700 Catholics. In 1864 Rabbi [[Shlomo Halberstam (first Bobover rebbe)|Shlomo Halberstam]] was appointed as rabbi of the Jewish community of Bukowsko. He held this position until 1879.<ref name="Memories">{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Sanok/San588.html|title= Memories of my town Bukowsk|publisher=JewishGen.Org, Inc|accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref>
[[File:1946 Bukowsko 1.jpg|thumb|left|The city of Bukowsko burned down by the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army|UPA]] in 1946]]
After the Nazis had captured the town, Jewish homes and shops were robbed by the civilians from neighbouring towns. In the spring of 1942, 804 Jews of Bukowsko and over 300 of the surrounding villages were put into a [[ghetto]]. Out of that number over 100 were shot on the local (Jewish) cemetery. The rest were transported to the camp in [[Zasław concentration camp|Zwangsarbeitslager Zaslaw]]. None of the prayer houses survived the war. Only a few {{transliteration|he|[[Bereavement in Judaism|matzevahs]]}} remained on the cemetery.<ref>[[Andrzej Potocki]]. ''Podkarpackie judaica''. Związek Gmin Brzozowskich i Muzeum Regionalne PTTK im. Adama Fastnachta w Brzozowie. 1993. p. 59</ref> Bukowsko also had a [[labor camp|labour camp]] which existed from August to October 1942. The Jews, 60 on average, carried out road construction.

An April 1946 ''New York Times'' article reported that on 4 April 1946, 389 of the 400 buildings in the village were burned down and 3,000 people were made homeless by a force of [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army|Ukrainian nationalists]] and German deserters operating in the area who had a few days earlier demanded, but not received, a payment of 1 million [[Polish złoty|złoty]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/04/18/archives/3000-in-rebel-band-terrorize-galicia-ukrainian-nationalistsgerman.html?sq=banderowce&scp=1&st=cse | title=3,000 in Rebel Band Terrorize Galicia | work=New York Times | date=April 18, 1946 | accessdate=March 18, 2012}}</ref> The village was also burned in whole or in part January, March and November 1946. Only over a dozen years after the war the village started to rebuild.

== Geography ==
The [[municipality]] lies at an [[altitude]] of {{convert|482|m|0|abbr=off}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]] and covers an [[area]] of {{convert|8.3|km2|1|abbr=off}}. It has a [[population]] of about 1500 people. The village of Bukowsko lies in a valley of the Sanoczek river in southeastern Poland. The hills of the [[Bieszczady Mountains|Bieszczady]] [[mountain range]] are typical for this countryside. Time zone: [[UTC+1]]/Summer[[UTC+2]]
Village parts: Dział; Sanoczek; Łaźniakowa Góra; Podwapienne; Pasieki.

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

===Twin towns — Sister cities===
Bukowsko is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Topoľovka]], [[Slovakia]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maizières-lès-Metz]], [[France]]

==Notable residents==
* Rabbi [[Shlomo Halberstam (first Bobover rebbe)|Shlomo Halberstam]], first [[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)|Bobover]] [[Rebbe]]
* [[Alojzy Ehrlich]], ([[Hasmonea Lwów]])

==Hiking trails==
*[[European walking route E8]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Literature==
* Prof. [[Adam Fastnacht]]. Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002, {{ISBN|83-88385-14-3}}.
* Jerzy Zuba. "W Gminie Bukowsko." Roksana, 2004, {{ISBN|83-7343-150-0}} (Polish). English translation, Deborah Greenlee, Editor, 2005, Arlington, TX 76016.

== External links ==
*[http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_XV_cz.2/561 Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Lands] Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich. Warsaw. 1876. (''digital edition'')
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070917081911/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=9141896418224555612&q=schwerd Bernard Schwerd trip to Bukowsko (Zboiska-Wolica-Bukowsko-Wola Piotrowa-Bukowsko)]
* [http://www.wyciag-karlikow.pl/ Karlikow Ski-park]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222101448/http://www.wolapiotrowa.chsi.pl/ Protestant parish in Wola Piotrowa]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070129135850/http://www.republika.pl/zboiska/ Caritas in Zboiska]
* [http://zamki.res.pl/ Castle in Zboiska]
* [http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/bukowsko/ Bukowsko shtetl]
* [http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/sanok/San579.html Bukowsto shtetl - story]

{{Gmina Bukowsko}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Sanok County]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Poland]]

[[ru:Гмина Буковско]]

Bukowsko - Revision history

imported>Kiwipete: Use TERYT template, 1921 census