2601:283:4F80:B38:0:0:0:1001: /* "Brougham" as a model name or trim level */

2025-03-13T01:22:23Z

"Brougham" as a model name or trim level

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{{Short description|Car body}}
[[File:1905 Hedag Electric Brougham photo1.JPG|thumb|1905 Hedag Electric Brougham, similar in style to a [[brougham (carriage)|brougham carriage]]]]
A '''brougham''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|uː|m|,_|ˈ|b|r|uː|ə|m|,_|ˈ|b|r|oʊ|m|,_|ˈ|b|r|oʊ|ə|m}}) was originally a [[car body style]] where the driver sat outside and passengers seated within an enclosed cabin,<ref>{{cite web|title=Automotive History: The Brougham – An Indictment and A Defense|url=http://www.curbsideclassic.com/automotive-histories/automotive-history-the-brougham-a-defense-and-an-indictment/|website=www.curbsideclassic.com|access-date=31 March 2018}}</ref> — deriving the configuration from the earlier [[brougham (carriage)|''brougham'' horse-drawn carriage]]. Similar in style to the later [[Coupe de Ville|town car]], the brougham style was used on chauffeur-driven petrol and electric cars.

In later years, several manufacturers (mostly in the United States) have used the term brougham as a prestigious [[Car model|model name]] or luxurious [[Automotive trim nomenclature|trim level]] on cars where the driver is in the cabin with the passengers (i.e. cars that do not use the brougham body style).

==Early broughams==
[[File:Peugeot Typ 27 1899.JPG|thumb|1899 Peugeot Type 27 brougham]]
As a [[car body style]], a brougham was initially a vehicle similar to a [[limousine]] but with an outside seat in front for the [[chauffeur]] and an enclosed cabin behind for the passengers.<ref name=NYT1916SAE /> As such, it was a version of the [[town car]] but, in its earliest incarnation, with the sharply squared rear end of the roof and the forward-curving body line at the base of the front of the passenger enclosure that was characteristic of the nineteenth-century brougham carriage on which the car style was based.<ref name=Haajanen_Brougham2 />

=== Electric cars ===
[[File:1915 Detroit Electric.jpg|thumb|left|1915 [[Detroit Electric]] Brougham]]
In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the brougham body style with an outside chauffeur was popular with electric cars. At that time, there were more than 200 manufacturers of these cars in the United States.<ref name=Haajanen_ElectricBrougham1 /> In the United States during the first two decades of the twentieth century, the front of the body and the chauffeur were often deleted from the design, with controls placed inside for the owner to operate the vehicle.<ref name=Haajanen_Brougham3 /><ref name=Haajanen_ElectricBrougham2 /> Despite the resulting [[coupé]] style, the result was still called a "brougham",<ref name=Haajanen_Brougham3 /> causing the term to be applied to a two-door closed vehicle similar to a coupé, especially one electrically driven.<ref name=Websters3rd />
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=="Brougham" as a model name or trim level==
[[Cadillac]] was the first to use the name "Brougham" on a vehicle that did not use the Brougham body style for the 1916 [[Cadillac Brougham]], a large 7-seat [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]]. Since then, the term has shifted from its original meaning and been used as a model name by one manufacturer, a [[trim level (automobile)|trim level]] by various (being applied to sedans and even [[convertible]]s).<ref name=Haajanen_Brougham4 />

Of particular note, "Brougham" was widely used from the 1970s to the 1990s by [[General Motors]], [[Ford Motor Company]], and the [[Chrysler|Chrysler Corporation]], typically for the upper trim level of a particular model.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

=== Examples of model name usage ===
* '''Cadillac'''
**[[Cadillac Brougham]]
**[[Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham]]
**[[Cadillac Eldorado]] Brougham
**[[Cadillac Sixty Special]] Brougham
* '''Oldsmobile'''
**[[Oldsmobile 98|Oldsmobile Ninety-Eight]] Regency Brougham
**[[Oldsmobile 88|Oldsmobile Delta 88]] Royale Brougham
**[[Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme]] Brougham
**[[Oldsmobile Toronado]] Brougham
*'''Pontiac'''
**[[Pontiac Parisienne]] Brougham
**[[Pontiac Bonneville]] Brougham
**[[Pontiac Grand Prix]] Brougham
* '''Chevrolet'''
**[[Chevrolet Caprice Classic]] Brougham
* '''Ford'''
**[[Ford LTD (North America)|Ford LTD]] Brougham
**[[Ford Torino]] Brougham
* '''Mercury'''
**[[Mercury Montego]] Brougham
**[[Mercury Marquis]] Brougham
**[[Mercury Park Lane]] Brougham
* '''Nissan'''
**[[Nissan Cedric#Fourth generation 330|Nissan Cedric]] Brougham
**[[Nissan Gloria#Fifth generation 330|Nissan Gloria]] Brougham
* '''Chrysler'''
**[[Chrysler New Yorker]] Brougham
* '''Dodge'''
**[[Dodge Monaco]] Brougham
* '''Plymouth'''
**[[Plymouth Valiant]] Brougham
* '''American Motors'''
**[[AMC Ambassador]] Brougham
* '''Holden'''
** [[Holden Brougham]]

{{gallery | height = 250 | width = 200
|File:71caddyfleetwood.jpg|1971 [[Cadillac Sixty Special|Cadillac Fleetwood 60 Special Brougham]]
|File:1974 Chrysler New Yorker Brougham (6057999966).jpg|1974 [[Chrysler New Yorker|Chrysler New Yorker Brougham]]
|File:257773 2030637598504 1021034280 2383948 6570269 o.jpg|1988 [[Cadillac Brougham]]
}}

==See also==
*[[Landaulet (car)|Landaulet]] – the opposite, with a covered driver's area and a convertible passenger compartment

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=NYT1916SAE>{{cite news| title=What's What In Automobile Bodies Officially Determined | agency = Nomenclature Division, [[SAE International|Society of Automobile Engineers]]| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]| location = New York, NY USA| url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/08/20/104025932.pdf | format=PDF | date=August 20, 1916| access-date = 2012-05-31| quote = [[Limousine]]—A closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside, covered with a roof... Brougham—A limousine with no roof over the driver's seat.| url-status= live| archive-date= July 20, 2014| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140720170126/http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E06EEDA1439E233A25753C2A96E9C946796D6CF}}</ref>

<ref name=Haajanen_Brougham2>{{cite book |last= Haajanen|first= Lennart W.|others= Illustrations by Bertil Nydén; foreword by [[Karl Ludvigsen]]|year= 2003|title= Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles|location= Jefferson, NC USA|publisher= McFarland|isbn= 0-7864-1276-3|lccn= 2002014546|chapter= 2Brougham|pages= 25–26|ref=Haajanen}}</ref>
<ref name=Haajanen_Brougham3>[[#Haajanen|Haajanen, Lennart W.; "3Brougham", ''Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles'']], p. 26</ref>
<ref name=Haajanen_Brougham4>[[#Haajanen|Haajanen, Lennart W.; "4Brougham", ''Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles'']], pp. 26–27</ref>
<ref name=Haajanen_ElectricBrougham1>[[#Haajanen|Haajanen, Lennart W.; "1Electric Brougham", ''Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles'']], p. 68</ref>
<ref name=Haajanen_ElectricBrougham2>[[#Haajanen|Haajanen, Lennart W.; "2Electric Brougham", ''Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles'']], pp. 68–69</ref>

<ref name=Websters3rd>{{cite book |editor1-first= Philip Babcock |editor1-last= Gove |editor1-link= Philip Babcock Gove|title= Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged |year= 1966 | volume = A-K|publisher= G & C Merriam |location= Springfield, Mass. USA |isbn= 0-7135-1037-4|page= 284}}</ref>

}}

{{Automobile configuration}}

[[Category:Car body styles]]

Brougham (car body) - Revision history

2601:283:4F80:B38:0:0:0:1001: /* "Brougham" as a model name or trim level */