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{{Short description|British EMU passenger train}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox train
| background = #{{ScR colour}}
| name = British Rail Class 320
| image = Hugh_Llewellyn_19630631832.jpg
| imagealt =
| imagesize = 310px
| caption = [[Abellio ScotRail]] Class 320 approaching {{Stnlnk|Whifflet}} in 2015
| interiorimage = 320302 Interior.jpg
| interiorimagealt =
| interiorcaption = Refurbished Abellio ScotRail Class 320/3 saloon
| service = August 1990{{snd}}present
| manufacturer = [[British Rail Engineering Limited]]
| designer =
| assembly =
| ordernumber = 31060–31062<ref name="fox" />
| factory = [[Holgate Road carriage works|Holgate Road Works]], [[York]]
| family = BR Second Generation ([[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3]])
| replaced = {{ubl|[[British Rail Class 303|Class 303]]|[[British Rail Class 311|Class 311]]}}
| yearconstruction = 1990
| yearservice =
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 34<br />(inc. 12 converted from {{avoid wrap|[[British Rail Class 321|Class 321/4]])}}
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = 3 cars per unit: {{avoid wrap|{{abbr|DTSO|Driver's cab, Trailer, Standard class, Open saloon}}-{{abbr|MSO|Motor car, Standard class, Open saloon}}-DTSO}}
| diagram =
| code =
| fleetnumbers = {{ubli|indent=1em|320/3: 320301–320322|320/4: 320401, 320403, 320404, {{nowrap|320411–320418}}, 320420}}
| capacity =
| owner = [[Eversholt Rail Group]]<ref name="eversholt">{{cite web |url=https://eversholtrail.co.uk/fleet/class-320/ |title=Class 320 |publisher=Eversholt Rail Group |place=London |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422102234/https://eversholtrail.co.uk/fleet/class-320/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| operator = [[ScotRail]]
| depots = [[Glasgow Shields Road TMD|Shields Road]] ([[Glasgow]])<ref name="eversholt" />
| lines =
| carbody = [[Steel]]<ref name="BRB210">{{cite book |url= http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |title=Vehicle Diagram Book No. 210 for Electric Multiple Units (including A.P.T.) |at=EC210, EE236 (in work pp. 88–89, 182–183) |date=October 1988 |publisher=Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Department, British Railways Board |place=Derby |archive-date=21 January 2015 |via=Barrowmore MRG |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150121172506/http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| trainlength =
| carlength = {{ubl|DTS vehs.: {{convert|19.950|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="BRB210" />|MS vehs.: {{convert|19.920|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="BRB210" />}}
| width = {{convert|2.816|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="BRB210" />
| height = {{convert|3.775|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="BRB210" />
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| doors = Double-leaf sliding pocket, {{avoid wrap|each {{convert|1.200|m|ftin|abbr=on}} wide}} {{avoid wrap|(2 per side per car)<ref name="BRB210" />}}
| wheeldiameter =
| wheelbase = Over bogie centres:<br />{{convert|14.170|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="BRB210" />
| maxspeed = {{ubl|320/3: {{convert|90|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}|320/4: {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}}}
| weight = Total: {{convert|114.5|t|1}}
| axleload =
| steep gradient =
| traction =
| traction motors = 4 × [[Brush Traction|Brush]] {{nowrap|TM21-41B}}<ref name="tr">{{cite book |last1=Marsden |first1=C. J. |title=Traction Recognition |date=2007 |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |location=Hersham |isbn=978-0-7110-3277-4 |oclc=230804946 |ol=16902750M |chapter=Class 318 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/tractionrecognit0000mars/page/176/mode/2up |chapter-url-access=registration |pages=176–178}}</ref>
| poweroutput = {{convert|1328|hp|kW|order=flip|abbr=on}}<ref name="tr" />
| tractiveeffort =
| transmission =
| acceleration = {{convert|0.55|m/s2|mph/s|abbr=on}} max.<ref name="eversholt" />
| deceleration =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transportation)|Pantograph]]
| uicclass = 2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′
| bogies = {{ubl|Powered: BREL P7-4|Unpowered: BREL T3-7<ref name="BRB210" />}}
| minimum curve = {{convert|71|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="BRB210" />
| brakes = [[Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains|Electro-pneumatic]] ([[Railway disc brake|disc]])
| safety = {{ubl|[[Automatic Warning System|AWS]]|[[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]}}
| coupling = [[Tightlock coupling|Tightlock]]<ref name="BRB210" />
| multipleworking = Within class, and with {{brc|318}}
| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| notes =
}}

The '''British Rail Class 320''' is an [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) passenger train found on the [[Strathclyde]] rail network in Central [[Scotland]]. They are mainly used on the [[North Clyde Line]] and the [[Argyle Line]], but they can also be seen on [[Glasgow Central station|Glasgow Central]] to [[Lanark]], [[Cathcart Circle Lines|Cathcart Circle]], [[Paisley Canal Line]] and Inverclyde Line services. The Class 320 uses [[alternating current]] (AC) overhead electrification.

==Details==
The Class 320 is effectively a three-car derivative of the [[British Rail Class 321|Class 321]] units found in and around London, East Anglia and [[Yorkshire]]. Built in 1990<ref name="tr" /> by [[British Rail Engineering Limited]]'s [[Holgate Road carriage works, York]], 22 three-car sets were ordered by SPT to replace the unrefurbished members of the [[British Rail Class 303|Class 303]] which were by then 30 years old, and all [[British Rail Class 311|Class 311]] units. The trains were built against order numbers 31060–31062,<ref name="fox">{{cite book |last=Fox |first=Peter |title=Locomotives & Coaching Stock 1991 |year=1991 |publisher=Platform 5 Publishing |location=Sheffield |isbn=1-872524-26-5 |page=250 }}</ref> which were issued on 6 January 1989 and completed on 31 October 1990.<ref>{{cite book |last=Butcher |first=Roger |title=Departmental Coaching Stock |edition=5th |date=November 1993 |publisher=South Coast Transport Publishing |location=Southampton |isbn=1-872768-10-5 |page=70 }}</ref>

The units run on 25 [[volt|kV]] AC overhead line supply via a [[Brecknell Willis high speed pantograph]], using four Brush TM2141B traction motors. With much shorter passenger journeys in mind, the Class 320 units originally lacked the toilets of the Class 321 units and also began life with a lower speed capability ({{convert|75|mph|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) due to the much closer spacing of stations on the [[North Clyde Line]]. The lower design speed meant that yaw dampers could be omitted from the class. However, yaw dampers were fitted across the class in 2010,{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} allowing them to run at {{convert|90|mph|0|abbr=on}}. This meant that the units could be used on the sections of the Argyle Line route shared with the [[West Coast Main Line]] (and in theory, the Airdrie-Bathgate extension of the North Clyde Line and beyond, although this is currently prevented by a lack of DOO equipment) and also allows full-speed running in multiple with the near similar Class 318. Their interior design includes paintings of various landmarks and famous sights along the various SPT rail routes on the car ends.

The Class 320 units are fitted with [[GSM-R]] cab radios and took part in the GSM-R trial in the [[Strathclyde]] area.

==Operations==
The units were originally intended to operate on the [[Argyle Line]] but, mainly because the platform monitors on the Argyle Line stations did not line up with the driver cabs,{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} the units were initially restricted to the [[North Clyde Line]], although they were occasionally used for VIP trips from the high-level platforms of [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central]] when they were the newest EMU stock in the SPT fleet. The problem was resolved in 2011 and the units began entering service to replace the final [[British Rail Class 334|Class 334]] units on the [[Argyle Line]]. From December 2016, Class 320s started to operate on the Cathcart/Newton lines from Glasgow Central High Level to replace a number of [[British Rail Class 314|Class 314]] units that were transferred to the [[Inverclyde Line]].

Like all SPT rolling stock of the period, the Class 320 was painted in the orange/black livery until 1997, when the carmine/cream livery was progressively phased in.

In September 2008 the [[Scottish Government]]'s agency [[Transport Scotland]] announced that all ''ScotRail'' trains would eventually be repainted in a new, blue livery with white [[Saltire]] markings on the carriage ends. Relivery of the fleet began in February 2011 when the units were taken for their refurbishment.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ScotRail-25th-anniversary |title = ScotRail 25th Anniversary Publicity Materials |access-date = 2 February 2011 |publisher = Transport Scotland |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081009164352/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ScotRail-25th-anniversary |archive-date = 9 October 2008 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }}</ref>

==Cascade and refurbishment==
[[File:SPT320s Helensburgh.JPG|thumb|320s at {{Stnlnk|Helensburgh Central}} in 2009]]
Between 2002 and 2004, the Class 320 fleet was given an interior refurbishment, with new seat covers and flooring vinyl, improved interior lighting and electronic and audible destination information systems installed. The units were also given a revised SPT carmine and cream livery, the most noticeable difference being the passenger doors were all cream.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}

In 2011, the Class 320 started to be used in the Argyle Line alongside the [[British Rail Class 318|Class 318]], as well as operating on the North Clyde Line alongside the Class 334. Although possible, as of 2024 they have not been diagrammed to operate east of Airdrie.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

All Class 320 units were refurbished again by [[Wabtec]] Doncaster between February 2011 and October 2013.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} The refurbishment work included:
*Internal refurbishment, including the fitting of toilets.
*Underframe work, bogie change/buckeye renewal.
*Relivery into ScotRail Saltire livery.

The first unit to be completed was 320314, which headed south to Wabtec Doncaster on 14 February 2011 and returned on 6 June 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=September 2011 |title=Facelift begins for Scotrail Class 320s |magazine=The Railway Magazine |publisher=Mortons Media Group |publication-place=Horncastle |volume=157 |issue=1325 |page=80 }}</ref> The final unit to be sent for refurbishment was 320310, which headed south on 30 August 2013 and returned on 4 October 2013.

A third refurbishment programme took place between 2017 and 2019, focusing on the interior. This included an interior repaint, the replacement of vinyl flooring, retrimming of the seat covers into Saltire blue moquette and the fitting of power sockets and LED interior lighting.<ref>{{cite news |title=KBRS to upgrade ScotRail Class 320s |url=http://www.globalrailnews.com/2017/03/06/kbrs-to-upgrade-scotrail-class-320s/ |access-date=11 March 2017 |work=Global Rail News |publisher=Rail Media Group |date=6 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309060906/http://www.globalrailnews.com/2017/03/06/kbrs-to-upgrade-scotrail-class-320s/ |archive-date=9 March 2017 |location=Coalville |url-status=live}}</ref> The work brought the Class 320/3 fleet up to the same standard as the Class 320/4 units and the refurbished Class 318.

==Accidents and incidents==
* On 7 May 2022, a Class 320 (320309) and a Class 318 (318262) derailed between Blairhill and Coatbridge Sunnyside. The train was an empty coaching stock running from Yoker C.S to Shields TMD and was going via the North Clyde due to the Argyle line being closed. Nobody was injured during this incident.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 2022 |title=Services cancelled after ScotRail train derails |pages=17 |work=RAIL}}</ref>

==Class 320/4 units==
A fleet of seven former London Midland Class 321/4 units were converted to Class 320/4 at Doncaster Wabtec works before being transferred to ScotRail between July 2015 and October 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-35153722 |title=Scotrail unveil £475m improvement plan |author= |date=21 December 2015 |website=BBC News |access-date=22 December 2015 |archive-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224060159/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-35153722 |url-status=live }}</ref> The conversion included the removal of the TSOL trailer vehicle. The first three converted units, 320411, 320412 and 320416, entered service in March 2016, initially retaining their London Midland livery.
[[File:320414 at Gourock.jpg|thumb|left|Class 320 at [[Gourock railway station]]]]
The first fully refurbished unit, 320415, entered service on 15 August 2016. The unit was painted in ScotRail Saltire livery and had received a full internal refurbishment, including an internal repaint, new floor vinyl and new blue 'saltire' seat coverings, as well as the fitting of a large accessible toilet. Subsequent converted units would be fully refurbished and the initial three units were later returned to Doncaster Wabtec works for refurbishment.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} The conversion and refurbishment of all seven Class 320/4 units was completed in January 2017.<ref>''Railway Observer'', Volume 87 (March 2017 edition), page 179.</ref>

In November 2017, ScotRail received a further five Class 321/4 units, which were converted to Class 320/4 by [[Andrew Barclay Sons & Co.|Wabtec Rail Scotland]] in Kilmarnock, with entry into service planned to begin from summer 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transport.gov.scot/news/welcome-8m-contract-boost-for-kilmarnock-rail-firm-and-scotrail-passengers/ |title=Welcome £8M contract boost for Kilmarnock rail firm and ScotRail passengers |author= |date=6 November 2017 |website=Transport Scotland |access-date=6 November 2017 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020842/https://www.transport.gov.scot/news/welcome-8m-contract-boost-for-kilmarnock-rail-firm-and-scotrail-passengers/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The first of the five additional units, 320404, was released from Wabtec and moved to [[Glasgow Shields Road TMD]] on 8 August 2018.

==Fleet details==
{{More citations needed section|date=August 2024}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Subclass
!Operator
!Qty.
!Year built
!Cars per unit
!Unit nos.
!Notes
|-
!320/3
|rowspan=2|ScotRail
|align=center|22
|align=center|1990
|rowspan=2 align=center|3
|320301–320322
|Original batch.
|-
!320/4
|align=center|12
|align=center|1989–1990
|320401, 320403, 320404, 320411–320418, 320420
|Converted from [[British Rail Class 321|Class 321/4]].
|}

===Vehicle numbering===
Individual vehicles are numbered in the ranges as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" | Ranges for Class 320/3 vehicles<ref name="tr" />
!DTSO(A)
!MSO
!DTSO(B)
|-
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|77899–77920}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|63021–63042}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|77921–77942}}
|}

Class 321/4 vehicles used to form Class 320/4 units retain their [[British Rail Class 321#Vehicle numbering|original numbers]].

===Named units===
Several units received names, but all were denamed following the refurbishment between 2011 and 2013.<ref name=sherlock>{{cite magazine | last = Sherlock | first = Greg | title = The Class 320s and their successors | magazine = Today's Railways UK | location = Sheffield | publisher = Platform 5 Publishing Ltd | publication-date = July 2015 | issue = 163 | pages = 52–54}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1 = Pritchard |first1 = Robert |last2 = Fox |first2 = Peter |last3 = Hall |first3 = Peter |title = British Railways Locomotives and Coaching Stock 2006 | location = Sheffield |publisher = Platform 5 Publishing Ltd |page = 254 |year = 2006 |isbn = 1-902336-50-X }}</ref>
*320305: Glasgow School of Art 1844-150-1994
*320306: Model Rail Scotland
*320308: High Road 20th Anniversary 2000
*320309: Radio Clyde 25th Anniversary
*320311: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
*320312: Sir William A Smith - Founder of the Boys' Brigade
*320321: Rt Hon [[John Smith (Labour Party leader)|John Smith QC MP]]
*320322: Festive Glasgow Orchid

==References==
{{Commons}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Mark 3-derived}}
{{British Rail EMU}}

[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|320]]
[[Category:BREL products|320]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1990]]
[[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]]

British Rail Class 320 - Revision history

imported>Danners430: Reverted 1 edit by 2A0A:EF40:665:4D01:5FD2:DABA:D226:B4FB (talk): Unsourced