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{{Short description|British Diesel-electric multiple unit}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox Train
| name = <span style="color:white;">British Rail Class 220<br />''Voyager''</span>
| image = File:Hugh llewelyn 220 002 (6701873995).jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = [[CrossCountry]] Class 220 in 2010
| interiorimage = 220001 Standard Class Interior.jpg
| interiorcaption = Standard Class interior
| background = #B1004D 
| manufacturer = [[Bombardier Transportation]]
| factory = {{ubl|[[Bruges]], [[Belgium]]|[[Horbury railway works]], [[United Kingdom]]}}
| formation = 4 cars per unit
| family = [[Bombardier Voyager family|Voyager]]
| numberbuilt = 34
| fleetnumbers = 220001–220034
| service = 2001–present
| yearconstruction = 2000–2001
| weight = {{convert|185.6|t|lk=on|abbr=on}} per unit
| capacity = 174 standard class, 26 first class
| carbody = [[Steel]]
| carlength = {{cvt|23.85|m|ftin}} (driving cars) or {{cvt|22.82|m|ftin}} (intermediate cars)
| width = {{convert|2.73|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|125|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}
| traction = One per car, [[Alstom]] alternator, 750v asynchronous ONIX IGBT drive with AGATE traction control, asynchronous traction motors (2 per car)
| brakes = [[Dynamic braking#Rheostatic braking|Rheostatic]] and electro-pneumatic
| transmission = Diesel-electric
| engine = 4 × [[Cummins UK|Cummins]] QSK19-R<ref name="Diesel Multiple Units 2010">{{cite book |title=Diesel Multiple Units 2010|year=2010 |publisher=Platform 5 Publishing |location= Sheffield |isbn=978-1-902336-75-6 |page=66}}</ref> {{avoid wrap|(one per car)}}
| enginetype = [[straight engine|Inline-6]] [[turbo-diesel]]<ref name="qsk19r">{{cite book |title=Every Track - QSK19 for Rail Applications |publisher=Cummins Ltd |location=Daventry |edition=09/08 |id=Bulletin 4087201 |url=https://mart.cummins.com/imagelibrary/data/assetfiles/0043213.pdf |access-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202140716/https://mart.cummins.com/imagelibrary/data/assetfiles/0043213.pdf |archive-date=2 December 2022 }}</ref>
| displacement = {{cvt|1159|cuin|L|order=flip|0}} per engine<ref name="qsk19r" />
| poweroutput = {{ubli|indent=1em|{{convert|559|kW|hp|abbr=on}} per engine {{nowrap|at 1,800 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]}}|{{convert|350|kW|hp|abbr=on}} per traction motor<ref name="voith">{{cite book |title=References: High-Speed Trains and Electric Multiple Units (EMUs) |date=May 2008 |publisher=Voith Turbo |location=Heidenheim |pages=20–21 |url=https://docplayer.net/storage/66/55686535/1669995468/7a0nIY0QG_gGr0MbF9cNdQ/55686535.pdf |access-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202143829/https://docplayer.net/storage/66/55686535/1669995468/7a0nIY0QG_gGr0MbF9cNdQ/55686535.pdf |archive-date=2 December 2022 }}</ref>}}
| owner = [[Beacon Rail]]<ref name="mrr23rf">{{cite book |editor1-last=Sherratt |editor1-first=Philip |title=Modern Railways: Review 2023 |date=2023 |publisher=Key Publishing |location=Stamford |isbn=978-1-80282-569-5 |pages=18–19 |chapter=ROSCO Fleets}}</ref>
| operator = [[CrossCountry]]
| safety = [[Automatic Warning System#British Rail AWS|AWS]], [[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|al=on}}
| coupling = [[Dellner coupling|Dellner]] 12<ref name="sd001">{{cite book |title=System Data for Mechanical and Electrical Coupling of Rail Vehicles in support of GM/RT2190 |date=22 June 2011 |id=SD001 |publisher=Rail Safety and Standards Board |publication-place =London |page=4 |url=http://www.rssb.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/rv_coupling_system_data/SD001.pdf |access-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401203135/http://www.rssb.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/rv_coupling_system_data/SD001.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| uicclass = 1A′A1′+1A′A1′+1A′A1′+1A′A1′<ref name="voith" /><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//cutting-noise-and-smoothing-the-ride.html |title= Cutting noise and smoothing the ride |work= Railway Gazette |location= London |date= 1 August 2000 |quote= In the Voyager application, every car has a [[Cummins UK|Cummins]] underfloor engine and alternator supplying power to a pair of body-mounted traction motors. Each drives one inner axle through a cardan shaft and axle-mounted final drive gearbox. Thus all 272 bogies are identical |access-date= 20 December 2010 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120604022558/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/cutting-noise-and-smoothing-the-ride.html |archive-date= 4 June 2012}}</ref>
| replaced = {{ubl|[[InterCity 125]]|{{brc|47}}|[[British Rail Mark 2|Mark 2 carriages]]|{{brc|158}}}}
| wheelbase = Bogies: {{cvt|2.250|m|ftin}}<ref name="voith" />
| bogies = Bombardier B5005<ref name="voith" />
| wheeldiameter = {{cvt|780|–|716|mm|in}} {{avoid wrap|(maximum–minimum)}}<ref name="bo" />
}}

The '''British Rail Class 220 ''Voyager''''' is a class of [[Diesel–electric transmission|diesel-electric]] [[High speed rail|high-speed]] [[multiple unit]] passenger trains built in [[Belgium]] by [[Bombardier Transportation]] in 2000 and 2001. They were introduced in 2001 to replace the 20-year-old [[InterCity 125]] and almost 40-year-old [[British Rail Class 47|Class 47]]-hauled [[British Railways Mark 2|Mark 2]] fleets operating on the [[Cross Country Route]]. They were initially operated by [[Virgin CrossCountry]] and since 2007 have been operated by [[CrossCountry]].<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.virgintrainsmediaroom.com/index.cfm?articleid=121 |title= New Dawn for Virgin Trains |publisher= Virgin Trains |date= 5 June 2001 |access-date= 13 February 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090619193546/http://www.virgintrainsmediaroom.com/index.cfm?articleid=121 |archive-date= 19 June 2009}}</ref>

==Technical details==
[[File:Trains 2 054.JPG|thumb|left|Classes 220 (left) and 221 (right) at {{Stnlink|Durham}}, showing the differing bogie designs]]
All [[Coach (rail)|coaches]] are equipped with a [[Cummins UK|Cummins]] QSK19 [[diesel engine]] of {{convert|559|kW|hp|lk=on|abbr=on}} at 1,800{{nbsp}}[[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]. These power a [[electrical generator|generator]] which supplies [[Electric current|current]] to motors driving two axles per coach,<ref name="specs">{{cite web| url = http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20DMU%20Tech%20Data%20/DMU_220_221.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071027164919/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20DMU%20Tech%20Data%20/DMU_220_221.html| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 October 2007| title = Class 220 data| date = 2 June 2008| publisher = The Railway Centre}}</ref> with one axle per bogie powered.<ref name="bo">{{cite book |title=M-Size Bogies: B5000 for Coach and EMU Applications |date=September 2004 |publisher=Bombardier Transport |location=Crespin |url=http://www.bogieoperatorforum.com/fileadmin/Downloads_Member/BT_Datasheets/M_MXXXX_B5000_Virgin_03-11_EN_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004081641/http://www.bogieoperatorforum.com/fileadmin/Downloads_Member/BT_Datasheets/M_MXXXX_B5000_Virgin_03-11_EN_web.pdf |archive-date=4 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Defying Convention - B5000 Bogies |date=December 2007 |publisher=Bombardier Transportation |location=Netphen |url=http://www.bogieoperatorforum.com/fileadmin/template/elemente/M_M5XX_B5000_leaflet_final.pdf |access-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222081106/http://www.bogieoperatorforum.com/fileadmin/template/elemente/M_M5XX_B5000_leaflet_final.pdf |archive-date=22 February 2012 }}</ref>

Voyagers have both air and [[rheostatic brake]]s. They are fitted with [[Coupling (railway)#Fully automatic couplings|Dellner couplers]], like the [[British Rail Class 222|Class 222]] operated by [[East Midlands Railway]] and the [[British Rail Class 390|Class 390 ''Pendolino'']] electric trains used by [[Avanti West Coast]], meaning they can be coupled in rescue/recovery mode (air brake only) in the event of a failure. 220s and 221s can also be easily assisted by Dellner fitted [[British Rail Class 57|Class 57s]] (Thunderbirds) in the event of a failure. By use of adaptor couplings a failed 220 or 221 can also be assisted by any air braked locomotive.

The Class 220s and closely related [[British Rail Class 222|Class 222s]] have B5005 [[bogie]]s,<ref name="bo"/><ref name="voith"/> which are distinctive as they are of inside-frame design and so the axles are supported by [[Bearing (mechanical)|bearings]] behind the wheels, meaning the outside face of the wheel is visible. The related tilting [[British Rail Class 221|Class 221 ''Super Voyager'']] has outside-frame [[bogies]] and hence a more conventional appearance.

The Class 220s operate in four-coach sets with a carriage mass of between 45 and 48{{nbsp}}tonnes and a total train weight of 185.6{{nbsp}}tonnes, a top speed of {{convert|125|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=1}}, and a maximum range of approximately {{convert|1350|mi}} between each refuelling. Their [[route availability]] is very good being RA 2<ref name="specs"/> - in part due to the lightweight bogie design.

Class 220 units are fitted with an AB Hoses variable rate sanding system.

All ''Voyagers'' are maintained at the dedicated [[Central Rivers TMD]] near [[Burton-on-Trent]].

===Accidents and incidents===
Units have sometimes been stopped by salt water, when storm-driven waves broke over the train at [[Dawlish]] in south Devon and inundated the resistor banks, causing the control software to shut down.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2494379.stm |title=Virgin Trains chaos 'over by Christmas' |work=BBC News |date=20 November 2002}}</ref> This problem was fixed by an upgrade to the control software.<ref>{{cite press release |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061016083818/http://www.virgintrainsmediaroom.com/index.cfm?articleid=272 |archive-date=16 October 2006 |date=2 December 2002 |url= http://www.virgintrainsmediaroom.com/index.cfm?articleid=272 |title= Voyager Train fleet "think smart" to operate past Devon sea storms |publisher=Virgin Trains}}</ref>

There were a number of exhaust fires on the ''Voyager'' class during 2005–2006 due to incorrect fitting of equipment during overhauls. Fires occurred at [[Starcross]] (Class 221), Newcastle, and on 19 January 2006 at [[Congleton]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.virgintrains.co.uk/img/aboutus/downloads/CrossCountry%20News%20April%2006.pdf |title=Virgin Trains Cross Country news April 2006 |page=4 |department=Section 14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926224803/http://www.virgintrains.co.uk/img/aboutus/downloads/CrossCountry%20News%20April%2006.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2006}}</ref>

On 26 May 2006, a passenger was murdered aboard unit 220005 as it approached [[Oxenholme Lake District railway station|Oxenholme]] whilst working the Glasgow to Paignton service.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/nov/10/ukcrime|title=Life sentence for train murder of student|last1=Staff|date=2006-11-10|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-01-11|last2=agencies|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

On 14 March 2008, unit 220012, forming a service to {{Stnlnk|Derby}}, had a roof fire at {{Stnlnk|Banbury}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.banburyguardian.co.uk/news/Train-fire-at-Banbury.3881324.jp |title=Train fire at Banbury |work=[[Banbury Guardian]] |date=14 March 2008 |access-date=13 February 2009 |archive-date=19 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619122253/http://www.banburyguardian.co.uk/news/Train-fire-at-Banbury.3881324.jp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/2122245.train_fire_is_out/ |title= Train Fire is out |work= Oxford Mail |date=14 March 2008}}</ref> This fire was caused by a bird getting caught under one of the hot brake resistors on the roof of the train. Damage to the train was not serious and it was repaired and returned to service.

==Formation and passenger facilities==
{{more citations needed section|date=May 2016}}
[[File:220001 First Class Interior.jpg|thumb|First Class interior|left]]
Class 220s operate in four-coach sets. These trains, unlike the older trains they replaced, feature electronic information displays on the exterior walls showing the train number, the departure time, the coach, the train's destination, and the next station. This is also a feature of the {{brc|221}} and {{brc|222}} trains (the {{brc|390}} trains also have such electronic information displays, but in the doors). They are air-conditioned throughout, with powered doors. The coaches are fitted with power sockets for laptop computers and [[mobile phone]] charging. Toilet facilities for disabled people and storage facilities for bicycles are provided.

They provide 26 seats in 2+1 formation in [[First class travel|first class]] and 174 seats in 2+2 formation in standard class.

The formation of a four-car Class 220 is as follows:<ref name="Diesel Multiple Units 2010"/>
* 604XX - Coach A - 26 seats - First class with disabled area, train manager office, first class catering area, and driving cab. Toilet.
* 602XX - Coach C - 66 seats - Standard class. Toilet.
* 607XX - Coach D - 66 seats - Standard class with large luggage area and reservable space for three bikes. No toilet.
* 603XX - Coach F - 42 seats - Standard class with disabled area, catering base, and driving cab. Toilet.

There is no coach B on the four-car class 220; it exists on the five-car Class 221 and is usually a coach which holds no reservations. This aids short-term fleet changes, for example if a Class 220 is running in a diagram that usually has a Class 221, then the loss of a coach will not affect the reservation system, as they will all still be allocated.

[[CrossCountry]] has finished updating the interior layout of all its 220 and 221 sets. The interior renovation involved the removal of the shop from coach D and the conversion of the stowage area in coach F to a catering storage area where there is now a fridge, food storage, and a space for an on-board trolley to be stored. Bicycle storage has been moved to coach D where the shop was. It can now store three bicycles instead of four. The aim is to increase seating capacity, in line with its commitments to the franchise agreements, as well as to provide an at-seat trolley service for refreshments instead of a shop. Research had shown that the shop was not making as good a turnover as hoped because people prefer not to leave their seats to get refreshments; they feared either losing their seat or having their belongings stolen when away.

==Operations==
[[File:5300455160 770b10a0cf Steve Jones.jpg|thumb|Class 220 ''New Dawn'' in 2001]]
[[File:Dawlish Warren MMB 07 South Devon Main Line 220032.jpg|thumb|CrossCountry Class 220 near [[Dawlish railway station|Dawlish]] in 2009]]
{{main|Cross Country Route}}
All units are owned by [[Beacon Rail]], after they were purchased from Voyager Rail Leasing,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beacon Rail buys Voyager DEMU fleet |author= |work=Railway Gazette International |date=24 July 2017 |url= https://www.railwaygazette.com/traction-and-rolling-stock/beacon-rail-buys-voyager-demu-fleet/44881.article}}</ref> a consortium of [[Lloyds Banking Group]] and [[Angel Trains]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pritchard |first1=Robert |last2=Hall |first2=Peter |title=British Railways Locomotives & Coaching Stock 2013 |year=2013 |publisher=Platform 5 Publishing |location=Sheffield |isbn=978-1-909431-02-7 |pages=245–6, 373 }}</ref> They are leased to the [[train operating company|train operating companies]]; {{as of|2013|lc=on}}, [[CrossCountry]] is the only operator of Class 220 units.

Virgin CrossCountry was the sole operator of Class 220 ''Voyager'' trains when they were introduced in 2001. When the [[Cross Country Route]] franchise was transferred to Arriva CrossCountry in November 2007, most of the Voyager fleet was transferred with it, and by the end of 2007 CrossCountry was the sole operator of Class 220 units.

Class 220 units often operate in multiple with {{brc|221}} units, which are mechanically similar except for their bogies and have the same coupler type.

==Fleet details==
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Operator
!Number
!Year Built
!Cars per Set
!Unit No.
|-
|'''220'''
|[[CrossCountry]]
|align=center|34
|align=center|2000–01
|align=center|4
|220001–034
|-
|}

== Named units ==
Under [[Virgin Cross Country]], all units were named, however most have since been denamed. Their naming goes as follows:

* 220001 ''Maiden Voyager'', it was later re-named ''Somerset Voyager''.<ref name="MLI">{{cite magazine |title=220, 221 & 222 fleet list|magazine=Modern Locomotives Illustrated |date=October 2016 |issue=221 |pages=80–82}}</ref>
* 220002 ''Forth Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220003 ''Solent Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220004 ''New Dawn'', it was later re-named ''Cumbrian Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220005 ''Guildford Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220006 ''Clyde Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220007 ''Thames Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220008 ''Draig Gymreig/Welsh Dragon''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220009 ''Gatwick Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" /> It is currently named ''Hixon'' to commemorate the 11 lives lost and 45 injured in the [[Hixon rail crash]] of January 1968.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Latest Namings |department=Headline News|magazine=[[Rail Express]] |page=13 |issue=305|date=October 2021}}</ref> [[File:CrossCountry 220009 Hixon.jpg|thumb|upright|220009 ''Hixon'' at [[Bristol Temple Meads]]]]
* 220010 ''Ribble Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220011 ''Tyne Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220012 ''Lancashire Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220013 ''Gwibiwr De Cymru/South Wales Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220014 ''South Yorkshire Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220015 ''Solway Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220016 ''Midland Voyager'', it is currently named ''Voyager 20'' to mark 20 years service of the fleet.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-30|title=Alstom's Voyager Fleet celebrate 20 years of Inter-City service in UK|url=https://premierconstructionnews.com/2021/07/30/alstoms-voyager-fleet-celebrate-20-years-of-inter-city-service-in-uk/|url-status=live|access-date=|website=Premier Construction News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730153133/https://premierconstructionnews.com/2021/07/30/alstoms-voyager-fleet-celebrate-20-years-of-inter-city-service-in-uk/ |archive-date=30 July 2021 }}</ref>
* 220017 ''Bombardier Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220018 ''Central News'', it was later re-named ''Dorset Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220019 ''Mersey Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220020 ''Wessex Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220021 ''Blackpool Voyager'', it was later re-named ''Staffordshire Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220022 ''Brighton Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220023 ''Mancunian Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220024 ''Sheffield Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220025 ''Virgin Voyager'', it was later re-named ''Severn Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220027 ''Avon Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220028 ''Black Country Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220029 ''Vyajer Kernewek/Cornish Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220030 ''Devon Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220019 ''Solway Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220031 ''Tay Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220032 ''Grampian Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220033 ''Fife Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />
* 220034 ''Yorkshire Voyager''.<ref name="MLI" />

== See also ==

* [[List of high speed trains]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=Traction Recognition|first=Colin J.|last=Marsden|publisher=Ian Allan|edition=2nd|year=2011|pages=164–165|isbn=9780711034945|oclc=751525080}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|British Rail Class 220}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090620190701/http://bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/projects/details?docID=0901260d800128b6 Diesel Electric Multiple Unit, Class 220 "Voyager" - United Kingdom] Bombardier Class 220 page
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110517221737/http://www.traintesting.com/Class_220.htm Testing the Class 220s]

{{Bombardier Voyager}}
{{British Rail DMU}}

[[Category:Virgin Trains]]
[[Category:British Rail diesel multiple units|220]]
[[Category:Bombardier Transportation multiple units]]
[[Category:Passenger trains running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations]]
[[Category:Passenger trains running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 2001]]

British Rail Class 220 - Revision history

imported>Danners430: Reverted 1 edit by PeranWMedia (talk): Not relevant to the class of train

imported>Citation bot: Altered pages. Formatted dashes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Danners430 | Category:British Rail diesel multiple units | #UCB_Category 60/90