195.213.150.120: Added exclusively

2025-04-05T08:38:38Z

Added exclusively

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox train
| background = #0033cc;color:white
| name = British Rail Class 110 (BRCW Calder Valley)
| image = BR Class 110 3-car.jpg
| imagealt =
| imagesize = 300px
| caption =
| service = 1961 – 1991
| manufacturer = [[Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company|BRCW]]
| factory =
| family = [[List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes#First generation|First generation]]
| replaced = Steam locomotives and carriages
| yearconstruction = 1961–1962
| yearservice =
| refurbishment = 1979-80
| yearscrapped = 1963-1991
| numberconstruction=
| numberbuilt = 30 sets
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved = One 3-car set, One 2-car set
| numberscrapped =
| formation = Three-car sets: {{abbr|DMBC|Driving Motor Brake Composite}}-{{abbr|TSL|Trailer Second with lavatory}}-{{abbr|DMCL|Driving Motor Composite with lavatory}} (TSL removed from many sets in 1982)
| fleetnumbers =
| capacity = DMBC: 12 first, 33 second TSL: 72 second DMCL: 12 first 54 second
| operator = [[British Rail]]
| depots =
| lines =
| carbody =
| trainlength =
| carlength = {{convert|57|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|9|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|12|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| art-sections =
| doors =
| maxspeed = {{convert|70|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| weight = DMBC: {{long ton|32|0}} TSL: {{long ton|24|0}} DMCL: {{long ton|31|10}}
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction =
| engine = Two [[Rolls-Royce C6NFLH]] engines per power car
| poweroutput = {{convert|720|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} per set {{convert|180|bhp|abbr=on}} per engine
| transmission = 4-speed [[Epicyclic gearing|epicyclic]] [[gearbox]]
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| uicclass = (1A)′(A1)′+2′2′+(1A)′(A1)′
| bogies =
| brakes = [[Vacuum brake|Vacuum]]
| safety = [[Automatic Warning System|AWS]]
| coupling = [[Railway coupling#Buffers and chain|Screw-link]]
| multipleworking = ■ Blue Square
| gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg}}
}}
The '''Class 110''' [[diesel multiple unit]]s were built by the [[Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company]] in conjunction with the [[Drewry Car Co.]] to operate services on the former [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway|Lancashire and Yorkshire]] main line. They originally entered service exclusively in this region, which earned them the name of the [[River Calder, West Yorkshire|'Calder Valley']] sets. They were an updated version of the [[British Rail Class 104|Class 104]], with more powerful engines, a revised cab design and raised bodyside window frames.

==Description==
The fact that they were primarily intended for services on the arduous Calder Valley route meant that Class 110 needed more power than other first generation DMUs, so they were fitted with {{convert|180|hp|abbr=on}} [[Rolls-Royce C6NFLH]] engines, and when delivered they had the highest hp/ton of any of the first generation [[Diesel multiple unit|DMUs]], including the [[British Rail Derby Lightweight|lightweights]]. With a set weighing 87½ tons (tare), this gave a [[power-to-weight ratio]] of 8.3 [[horsepower|hp]] / [[ton]], which was appreciably higher than any other DMU in use at the time using normally aspirated engines.

Performance tests included a standing start against a ruling gradient of 1 in 261 and a set in tare condition achieved a speed of {{convert|30|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} in 45 seconds, {{convert|50|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} in 2 minutes 4 seconds, and {{convert|70|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} in 4 minutes 6 seconds. From a standing start on a 1 in 45 gradient a speed of {{convert|25|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} in third gear was reached in 42 seconds. Each set had 24 first class and 159 second class seats.

==Timeline==
The first twenty sets, for the [[Eastern Region of British Railways|NER]], were ordered in March 1959 and were allocated to [[Bradford Hammerton Street Depot|Bradford Hammerton Street]] depot. The second batch were allocated to the [[London Midland Region of British Railways|LMR]] in January 1961, based at [[Newton Heath TMD|Newton Heath]] in [[Manchester]]. Deliveries of the two batches was concurrent, starting in 1961, and these were the penultimate class of first generation sets to be built.

All sets were concentrated at Hammerton Street by 1976.

Refurbishment of the class took place in 1979 - 1980, with fluorescent lighting, new seat covers, new internal panelling and mechanical modifications to reduce the occurrence of the fires in the exhaust system which were common on many classes of first generation DMU.

During refurbishment the class was repainted, first in the white livery with a blue stripe below the windows that was standard for refurbished DMUs and later in the standard British Rail blue and Grey livery. All sets that were turned out in the white livery were later repainted in blue and Grey.

The TSLs were removed from most sets and scrapped in 1982 to reduce maintenance costs and to allow a higher performance for an accelerated timetable on the Calder Valley line. At 11.2 hp/ton these sets now had by far the highest power/weight ratio of any first generation DMU, but with a significantly reduced capacity of just 111 seats.

At the same time all First Class seats were declassified to Second although the seats were not replaced.

The reduced capacity caused a problem with the upturn in traffic of the mid 1980s and some sets were supplemented in 1984–85 with centre cars from withdrawn [[British Rail Class 111|Class 111]] units.

Bradford Hammerton Street depot closed in 1984, and all remaining Class 110 units were transferred to Neville Hill in Leeds.

The small fleet size together with maintenance costs of the non-standard Rolls-Royce engines ensured their early withdrawal. The engines were mounted with cylinder heads facing inwards, unlike all other DMU classes, and this required specialised facilities for engine removal which were only available at their home depot. Class 150/2 'Sprinters' were introduced on the Calder Valley route in 1987.

Most displaced units continued in traffic until October 1989, but were no longer common in the Calder Valley.

==Orders==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lot No. !! Diagram !! Car type !! Qty !! Fleet number !! Notes
|-
| 30592 || 564 || Driving Motor Brake Composite (DMBC) || 20 || 51809–51828 ||
|-
| 30593 || 563 || Driving Motor Composite with lavatory (DMCL) || 20 || 51829–51848 ||
|-
| 30594 || 648 || Trailer Second with lavatory (TSL) || 20 || 59693–59712 ||
|-
| 30691 || 564 || Driving Motor Brake Composite (DMBC) || 10 || 52066–52075 ||
|-
| 30692 || 563 || Driving Motor Composite with lavatory (DMCL) || 10 || 52076–52085 ||
|-
| 30693 || 648 || Trailer Second with lavatory (TSL) || 10 || 59808–59817 ||
|-
|}

==Preservation==

Five vehicles are preserved:
* [[Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway]] two-car set (52071 & 52077)
* [[East Lancashire Railway]] three-car set (51813 & 51842)

{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2|Set number
!colspan=3|Vehicle numbers
!rowspan=2 align=left|Livery
!rowspan=2 align=left|Location
!rowspan=2 align=left|Notes
|-
!DMBC
!TSL
!DMCL
|-
|align=center|-
|align=center|51813
|align=center|-
|align=center|51842
|BR Green
|[[East Lancashire Railway]]
|Operational
|-
|align=center|-
|align=center|52071
|align=center|-
|align=center|52077
|BR Green
|[[Lakeside and Haverthwaite Railway]]
|Operational
|-
|align=center|-
|align=center|-
|align=center|59701
|align=center|-
|BR Green
|[[East Lancashire Railway]]
|Operational
|}

=== Model railways ===
In 1982 [[Hornby Railways]] launched its first version of the BR Class 110 in [[OO gauge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hornbyguide.com/class_details.asp?classid=50|title=Hornby BR Class 110|work=Hornby Railways Collector Guide|accessdate=2 February 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Motive Power Recognition: 3 DMUs. Colin J. Marsden
*British Railway Pictorial: First Generation DMUs. Kevin Robertson
*British Rail Fleet Survey 8: Diesel Multiple Units- The First Generation. Brian Haresnape
*A Pictorial Record of British Railways Diesel Multiple Units. Brian Golding

==External links==
{{Commons category|British Rail Class 110}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085859/http://www.railcar.co.uk/type/110/110.html History of the Class 110s]

{{British Rail DMU}}

[[Category:British Rail diesel multiple units|110]]
[[Category:BRCW multiple units]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1961]]

British Rail Class 110 - Revision history

195.213.150.120: Added exclusively